VFI-L13- The modern world Flashcards
- way of life = culture
- live within a small area = local
*worldwide = globally
*from many different cultures = multicultural
*large overseas companies have control over = multinationals, is dominated by
- join together = merge
*unusual and exciting = exotic
*symbols = icons - feeling of belonging to your country= national identity
- a range of different cultures = cultural diversity
*has complete control over = have a monopoly (انحصار) over
- in the future = subsequent (متعاقب)
*look back and understand = with the benefit of hindsight(با نگاهی به گذشته)
*firmly believe in (OPP) are sceptical (شکاک، بدبین) about
*population = demographics
*total= absolute - take into account = factor in
*figures = statistics
*percentage = proportion
*countries = societies
*dwindle (OPP) increase
*workless = are less productive
*the effect= influence
- culture (n)/ cultural (adj)
*ethnicity (n)/ ethnic (adj) [قومی,نژادی ]
*globalization (n) / global (adj)
*modernization (n) / modern (adj)
*multiculturalism (n) / multicultural (adj)
*urbanization (n) / urban (adj)
attitude (noun)
/ˈæt̮əˌtud/
1- [countable] attitude (to/toward somebody/something) the way that you think and feel about someone or something; the way that you behave toward someone or something that shows how you think and feel
*changes in public attitudes to marriage
2- [uncountable] confident, sometimes aggressive, behavior that shows you do not care about other people’s opinions and that you want to do things in an individual way
*a band with attitude
3- [countable] (formal) a position of the body
*Her hands were folded in an attitude of prayer.
(نگرش، طرز فکر,وضع، حالت قرار گرفتن، گرایش، حالت، هیئت، طرز برخورد، روش و رفتار)
within (preposition)
/wɪˈðɪn/
1- before a particular period of time has passed; during a particular period of time
*You should receive a reply within seven days.
2-not further than a particular distance from something
*a house within a mile of the station
3-inside the range or limits of something
*That question is not within the scope of this talk.
4-(formal) inside something or someone
*The noise seems to be coming from within the building.
&Opposite outside
(در مدت … (محدوده زمانی),در داخل، در توی، در حدود، مطابق، به اندازه، در ظرف، در حصار)
*soft drink
astounding (adjective)
/əˈstaʊndɪŋ/
-so surprising that it is difficult to believe
= astonishing
*There was an astounding 20% increase in sales.
(گیج، متحیر، مبهوت کردن)
profound (adjective)
/prəˈfaʊnd/
1- very great; felt or experienced very strongly
*profound changes in the earth’s climate
2- showing great knowledge or understanding
*profound insights
3- needing a lot of study or thought
*profound questions about life and death
4- (medical) very serious; complete
*profound disability
(عمیق، ژرف)
cumulative (adjective)
/ˈkyumyələt̮ɪv/
—
cumulatively (adverb)
1- having a result that increases in strength or importance each time more of something is added
*the cumulative effect of human activity on the world environment
2- including all the amounts that have been added previously
the monthly sales figures and the cumulative total for the past six months
(تراکمی، تجمعی، انباشته، یکجا، جمع شونده)
—
*Cumulatively, these archaeological discoveries give a very clear picture of Celtic life.
ridiculous (adjective)
/rɪˈdɪkyələs/
—
ridiculously (adverb)
—
ridiculousness (noun [uncountable])
-very silly or unreasonable
=absurd, ludicrous
*I look ridiculous in this hat.
*Don’t be ridiculous! You can’t pay $75 for a T-shirt!
—
*The meal was ridiculously expensive.
*She was wearing a pair of ridiculously high-heeled shoes.
—
*The ridiculousness of the situation made us laugh.
collapse (verb)
/kəˈlæps/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they collapse
he / she / it collapses
past simple collapsed
-ing form collapsing
—
collapsed (adjective)
1- [intransitive] to fall down or fall in suddenly, often after breaking apart
*The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.
2- [intransitive] to fall down (and usually become unconscious), especially because you are very sick
*He collapsed in the street and died two hours later.
3- [intransitive] (informal) to sit or lie down and relax, especially after working hard
*When I get home, I like to collapse on the sofa and listen to music.
4- [intransitive] to fail suddenly or completely
= break down
Talks between management and unions have collapsed.
5- [intransitive] to decrease suddenly in amount or value
*Share prices collapsed after the news.
6- [intransitive, transitive] collapse (something) to fold something into a shape that uses less space; to be able to be folded in this way
= fold up
*The table collapses for easy storage.
7- [intransitive, transitive] collapse (something) if a lung or blood vessel collapses or is collapsed, it falls in and becomes flat and empty
—
*collapsed buildings
*a collapsed investment bank
accurate (adjective)
/ˈækyərət/
—
accurately (adverb)
1- correct and true in every detail
*an accurate description/account/calculation
2- able to give completely correct information or to do something in an exact way
*a highly accurate electronic compass
3- an accurate throw, shot, weapon, etc. hits or reaches the thing that it was aimed at
&Opposite inaccurate
—-
*The article accurately reflects public opinion.
*You need to hit the ball accurately.
(دقیق، صحیح، درست)
indicate (verb)
/ˈɪndəˌkeɪt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they indicate
he / she / it indicates
past simple indicated
-ing form indicating
1- [transitive, intransitive] to show that something is true or exists
*indicate something// Record profits in the retail market indicate a boom in the economy.
2- [transitive] to be a sign of something; to show that something is possible or likely
*indicate something// A red sky at night often indicates good weather the next day.
3- [transitive] to mention something, especially in an indirect way
*indicate (to somebody) (that)…// In his letter, he indicated to us (that) he was willing to cooperate.
4- [transitive] to make someone notice someone or something, especially by pointing or moving your head
*indicate somebody/something (to somebody) //She took out a map and indicated the quickest route to us.
5- [transitive] indicate something to represent information without using words
*The results are indicated in Table 2.
6- [transitive] to give information in writing
*indicate something // You are allowed 2 pieces of luggage unless your ticket indicates otherwise.
7- [transitive] indicate something indicate how much, how many, etc… (of an instrument for measuring things) to show a particular measurement
*When the temperature gauge indicates 90°F or more, turn off the engine.
8- [transitive, usually passive] indicate something (formal) to be necessary or recommended
*A course of chemotherapy was indicated.
(نشان دادن، اشاره داشتن,نشان دادن، نمایان ساختن، اشاره کردن)
flat-out (adjective)
[only before noun]
—
flat-out (adverb)
- definite and direct; complete
*His story was full of contradictions and flat-out lies.
—
*She just flat-out hated me.
dwindle (verb)
/ˈdwɪndl/
[intransitive]
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they dwindle
he / she / it dwindles
past simple dwindled
-ing form dwindling
-to become gradually less or smaller
*dwindling audiences
*a dwindling band of supporters
