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V5 Flashcards

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1
Q

moderately (adverb)
/ˈmɑdərətli/

A

1- to an average extent; fairly but not very
=reasonably
*a moderately successful career.

2-within reasonable limits
*He only drinks (alcohol) moderately
(بطور میانه، با اعتدال، با مدارا، معتدلانه)

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2
Q

chronic (adjective) Opposite acute
/ˈkrɑnɪk/
—
chronically (adverb)
/ˈkrɑnɪkli/

A

1- (especially of a disease) lasting for a long time; difficult to cure or get rid of
*chronic bronchitis/arthritis/asthma.
opposite acute (حاد)

2- having had a disease for a long time
*a chronic alcoholic/depressive
(مزمن,دیرینه، سخت، شدید)
—
*a hospital for the chronically ill

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3
Q

goof off (phrasal verb)

A

goof off (informal)
-to spend your time doing nothing, especially when you should be working

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4
Q

flip side (noun)
[usually singular] flip side (of/to something)

A

1- a different way of looking at an idea, argument, or action
*It was only after they were married that she began to see the flip side of the fairy tale.

2- (old-fashioned) the side of a record that does not have the main song or piece of music on it

3- the opposite, less good, or less popular side of something
*We’re now starting to see the flip side of the government’s economic policy.

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5
Q

frenzy (noun)
/ˈfrɛnzi/
(pl. frenzies) [countable, usually singular, uncountable] frenzy (of something)

A
  • a state of great activity and strong emotion that is often violent or frightening and not under control
    *in a frenzy of activity/excitement/violence
    *The speaker worked the crowd up into a frenzy.
    (جنون انی، دیوانه کردن، شوریده کردن، اشفتن، دیوانگی انی، شوریدگی، هیجان)
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6
Q

dangle (verb)
/ˈdæŋɡl/

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they dangle
he / she / it dangles
past simple dangled
-ing form dangling
—
dangly (adjective)
/ˈdæŋɡli/

A

1- [intransitive] (+adv./prep.) to hang or swing freely
*A single light bulb (لامپ) dangled from the ceiling.

2- [transitive] dangle something to hold something so that it hangs or swings freely
*She dangled her car keys nervously as she spoke.
(اویزان بودن، اویزان کردن، اویختن، اویزان)
—
*a pair of dangly earrings

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7
Q

boost (verb)
/bust/

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they boost
he / she / it boosts
past simple boosted
-ing form boosting

A

1- boost something to make something increase, or become better or more successful
*to boost someone’s confidence/morale(روحیه، دلگرمی).

2- boost something (informal) (becoming old-fashioned) to steal something

(کمک، تقویت,بالارفتن، ترقی دادن، جلوبردن، بالابردن، زیاد کردن، کمک کردن)

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8
Q

leap (verb)-(noun)
/lip/
[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they leap
he / she / it leaps
past simple leapt
past simple leaped
-ing form leaping

A

1- [intransitive, transitive] to jump high or a long way
*+ adv./prep. A dolphin leaped out of the water.
*We leaped over the stream.

2- [intransitive] + adv./prep. to move or do something suddenly and quickly
*She leaped out of bed.

3- [intransitive] leap (in something) (from…) (to…) to increase suddenly and by a large amount
= shoot up
*Shares leaped in value yesterday.
(جهیدن، جهش,جست، پرش، جستن، دویدن، خیز زدن)

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9
Q

diligent (adjective)
/ˈdɪlədʒənt/
(formal)
—
diligently (adverb)

A

-showing care and effort in your work or duties
*a diligent student/worker
(سخت کوش)
—
*They worked diligently on the task they had been given.
(با پشتکار)

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10
Q

I was half way through

A

-when half finished /at the middle point (of)
*The teacher stopped the movie halfway through.
*We left halfway through the lecture.
*We’re about halfway through the project.

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11
Q

agony (noun)
/ˈæɡəni/
(pl. agonies) [uncountable, countable]

A
  • extreme physical or mental pain
    *Jack collapsed in agony on the floor.
    *It was agony not knowing where the children were.
    (عذاب,رنج,درد)
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12
Q

toil (verb) = slave away = slog
/tɔɪl/
(formal)

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they toil
he / she / it toils
past simple toiled
-ing form toiling
—
toiler (noun)

A

1- [intransitive] to work very hard and/or for a long time, usually doing hard physical work
= slave away
*Hundreds of men toiled for years at building the pyramid.

2- [intransitive] + adv./prep. to move slowly and with difficulty
= slog
*They toiled up the hill in the blazing sun.
(زحمت کشیدن,کار پر زحمت)
—
(زحمتکش)

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13
Q

scribble (verb) = scrawl
/ˈskrɪbl/

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they scribble
he / she / it scribbles
past simple scribbled
-ing form scribbling

A

1- [transitive, intransitive] to write something quickly and carelessly, especially because you do not have much time
= scrawl(خراشیدن,خط خطی کردن)
* He scribbled a note to his sister before leaving.

2- [intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to draw marks that do not mean anything.
*Someone had scribbled all over the table in crayon.
(خط خطی کردن,خط ناخوانا,بد نوشتن)

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14
Q

utter (adjective)
/ˈʌt̮ər/
[only before noun]

A

-used to emphasize how complete something is
*That’s complete and utter nonsense!
*To my utter amazement she agreed.
(مطلقا,کاملا,گفتن)

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15
Q

script (noun)
/skrɪpt/

A

1-[countable] a written text of a play, movie, broadcast, talk, etc.
*That line isn’t in the original script.

2-[uncountable] writing done by hand
*She admired his neat(مرتب) script.

(خط,متن سند,بصورت متن نمایشنامه دراوردن)

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16
Q

be set in stone (phrase)

A

-used to emphasize that something is fixed and unchangeable.
*this pricing scheme is not set in stone and will likely change when the service has a full launch.
*The schedule isn’t set in stone, but we’d like to stick to it pretty closely.

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17
Q

virtue (noun) =advantage
/ˈvərtʃu/

A

1- [uncountable] (formal) behavior or attitudes that show high moral standards
*He led a life of virtue.

2- [countable] a particular good quality or habit
*Patience is not one of her virtues, I’m afraid.

3-[countable, uncountable] an attractive or useful quality
=advantage
*The plan has the virtue of simplicity.
(ویژگی مثبت، عادت خوب,فضیلت، مزیت، تقوا، پرهیزکاری، پاکدامنی، عفت، خاصیت، )

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18
Q

drag your heels/feet
(idiom)

A
  • to do something slowly because you do not want to do it:
    *I suspect the management is dragging its heels on this issue.
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19
Q

first mover (noun [ C ])

A
  • a company that is the first to introduce a new product, service, or technology:
    *They got to where they are today by being first movers, and by running fast enough to keep ahead.
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20
Q

paralyze (verb)
/ˈpærəˌlaɪz/
[often passive]

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they paralyze
he / she / it paralyzes
past simple paralyzed
-ing form paralyzing

A

1- paralyze somebody to make someone unable to feel or move all or part of their body
*The accident left him paralyzed from the waist down.

2-paralyze something to prevent something from functioning normally
*The airport is still paralyzed by the strike(ضربه)
(فلج کننده,فلج کردن,از کار انداختن,بی حس کردن)

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21
Q

energize (verb)
/ˈɛnərˌdʒaɪz/

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they energize
he / she / it energizes
past simple energized
-ing form energizing

A

1- energize somebody to make someone enthusiastic(مشتاق) about something.

2- energize somebody to give someone more energy, strength, etc.
*a refreshing and energizing fruit drink.

3- energize something (technology) to supply power or energy to a machine, an atom, etc.
*positively energized particles.

(انرژی دادن,نیرو دادن)

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22
Q

clue (noun)
/klu/
—
clue (verb)
/klu/
[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they clue
he / she / it clues
past simple clued
-ing form clueing
—
clue in (phrasal verb)

A

1- clue (to something) an object, a piece of evidence, or some information that helps the police solve a crime
*The police think the videotape may hold some vital clues to the identity of the killer.

2-clue (to something) a fact or a piece of evidence that helps you discover the answer to a problem
*Diet may hold the clue to the causes of migraine.

3-some words or a piece of information that helps you find the answers to a crossword, a game, or a question
*“You’ll never guess who I saw today!” “Give me a clue.”
—
*He’s just clued me in on the latest developments.

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23
Q

outperform (verb)
/ˌaʊtpərˈfɔrm/
outperform somebody/something

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they outperform
he / she / it outperforms
past simple outperformed
-ing form outperforming
—
out-performance (noun [uncountable])
/ˌaʊtpərˈfɔrməns/

A

-to achieve better results than someone or something
*The company has consistently outperformed its larger rivals.
(بهتر عمل کردن)
—
(عملکرد بهتر)

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24
Q

preinstall (verb)
/ˌpriɪnˈstɔl/

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they preinstall
he / she / it preinstalls
past simple preinstalled
-ing form preinstalling

A

= preload

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25
Q

fidget (verb)
/ˈfɪdʒət/
[intransitive]
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they fidget
he / she / it fidgets
past simple fidgeted
-ing form fidgeting
—
fidgety (adjective) = restless
/ˈfɪdʒət̮i/
(informal)

A

-fidget (with something) to keep moving your body, your hands, or your feet because you are nervous, bored, excited, etc.
*Sit still and stop fidgeting!

-(of a person) unable to remain still or quiet, usually because of being bored or nervous
= restless
*The children get fidgety if they have nothing to do.

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26
Q

tendency (noun)
/ˈtɛndənsi/
(pl. tendencies)

A

1- if someone or something has a particular tendency, they are likely to behave or act in a particular way
*to display artistic, etc. tendencies

2-tendency (for somebody/something) (to do something) tendency (to/toward something) a new custom that is starting to develop
=trend
*There is a growing tendency among employers to hire casual staff.

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27
Q

discourage (verb)
/dɪˈskərɪdʒ/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they discourage
he / she / it discourages
past simple discouraged
-ing form discouraging
—
discouraged (adjective [not usually before noun])
—
discouraging (adjective)
—
discouragingly (adverb)

A

1- to try to prevent(ممانعت کردن) something or to prevent someone from doing something, especially by making it difficult to do or by showing that you do not approve of it
*a campaign to discourage smoking among teenagers

2- to make someone feel less confident or enthusiastic about doing something
= dishearten
* Don’t be discouraged by the first failure—try again!

*Learners can feel very discouraged if an exercise is too difficult.
—
*a discouraging experience/response/result
(دلسرد کردن,بی جرات ساختن، سست کردن، مایوس کردن)

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28
Q

contribute (verb)
/kənˈtrɪbyut/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they contribute
he / she / it contributes
past simple contributed
-ing form contributing
—
contributing (adjective)

A

1-[transitive, intransitive] to give something, especially money or goods, to help someone or something
*contribute something (to/toward something) /We contributed $5,000 to the earthquake fund.

2- [intransitive] contribute (to something) to be one of the causes of something
*Medical negligence(غفلت) could have contributed to her death.

3- [intransitive, transitive] to increase, improve, or add to something
*Immigrants have contributed to American culture in many ways.

4- [transitive, intransitive] to write things for a newspaper, magazine, or a radio or television program; to speak during a meeting or conversation, especially to give your opinion.
* She contributed a number of articles to the magazine

مشارکت

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29
Q

well-being (noun)

[uncountable]

A

-general health and happiness
*emotional/physical/psychological well-being
*to have a sense of well-being
*We try to ensure the well-being of our employees.

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30
Q

ulcer (noun)
/ˈʌlsər/

A

-a sore area on the outside of the body or on the surface of an organ inside the body which is painful and may bleed or produce a poisonous substance
*a stomach ulcer
زخم

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31
Q

concern (verb)
/kənˈsərn/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they concern
he / she / it concerns
past simple concerned
-ing form concerning

A

1-[often passive] concern somebody to affect someone; to involve someone
*Don’t interfere in what doesn’t concern you.

2- concern something be concerned with something to be about something
*The story concerns the prince’s efforts to rescue Pamina.

3- to worry someone
* What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change.

4- concern yourself with/about something to take an interest in something
*He didn’t concern himself with the details.

5- be concerned to do something (formal) to think it is important to do something
*She was concerned to write about situations that everyone could identify with.

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32
Q

essential (adjective)
/ɪˈsɛnʃl/

A

1- completely necessary; extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity
= vital
*an essential part/ingredient/component of something
Opposite dispensable

2- [only before noun] connected with the most important aspect or basic nature of someone or something
= fundamental
*The essential difference between Sara and me is in our attitude to money.

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33
Q

long-term (adjective)

[usually before noun]

A

1- that will last or have an effect over a long period of time
*a long-term strategy.

2-that is not likely to change or be solved quickly
*long-term unemployment

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34
Q

chronic (adjective)
/ˈkrɑnɪk/
—
chronically (adverb)
/ˈkrɑnɪkli/

A

1- (especially of a disease) lasting for a long time; difficult to cure or get rid of
*chronic bronchitis/arthritis/asthma

2- having had a disease for a long time
*a chronic alcoholic/depressive
—
*a hospital for the chronically ill

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35
Q

dramatic (adjective)
/drəˈmæt̮ɪk/
—
dramatically (adverb)
/drəˈmæt̮ɪkli/

A

1- (of a change, an event, etc.) sudden, very great, and often surprising
*a dramatic increase/fall/change/improvement

2- exciting and impressive
*a dramatic victory

3- [usually before noun] connected with the theater or plays
*a local dramatic society

4- exaggerated in order to create a special effect and attract people’s attention
*He flung out his arms in a dramatic gesture.
—
*Prices have fallen dramatically.
*Events could have developed in a dramatically different way.
(به طور چشمگیری)

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36
Q

contrast (noun)-(verb)
/ˈkɑntræst/contrast noun
/ˈkɑntræst/

A

1- [countable, uncountable] a difference between two or more people or things that you can see clearly when they are compared or put close together; the fact of comparing two or more things in order to show the differences between them
*contrast (between A and B) There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West.

2- [countable] contrast (to somebody/something) a person or thing that is clearly different from someone or something else
*The work you did today is quite a contrast to (= very much better/worse than) what you did last week.

3- [uncountable] differences in color or in light and dark, used in photographs and paintings to create a special effect.
*The artist’s use of contrast is masterly.

4- [uncountable] the amount of difference between light and dark in a picture on a television, computer, etc., screen
*Use this button to adjust the contrast.

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37
Q

eligible (adjective)
/ˈɛlədʒəbl/
—
eligibility (noun [uncountable])
/ˌɛlədʒəˈbɪlət̮i/

A

1-a person who is eligible for something or to do something is able to have or do it because they have the right qualifications, are the right age, etc.
*Only those over 70 are eligible for the special payment.
Opposite ineligible

*Marriage to a national gave automatic eligibility for citizenship.

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38
Q

correlation (noun)
/ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃn/
[countable, uncountable]

A
  • a connection between two things in which one thing changes as the other does
    *correlation (between A and B) There is a direct correlation between exposure(در معرض گذاری) to sun and skin cancer.
    *correlation (of A with B) the correlation of social power with wealth

(ارتباط)

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39
Q

petition (noun)
/pəˈtɪʃn/

A

1- petition (against/for something) a written document signed by a large number of people that asks someone in a position of authority to do or change something
*a petition against experiments on animals

2- (law) an official document asking a court to take a particular course of action
*a bankruptcy(ورشکستگی) petition.

3- (formal) a formal prayer to God or request to someone in authority

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40
Q

donate (verb)
/ˈdoʊneɪt/ , /doʊˈneɪt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they donate
he / she / it donates
past simple donated
-ing form donating

A

1- donate something (to somebody/something) to give money, food, clothes, etc. to someone or something, especially a charity
*He donated thousands of dollars to charity.

2- donate something (to somebody/something) to allow doctors to remove blood or a body organ in order to help someone who needs it
*All donated blood is tested for HIV and other infections.

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41
Q

disaster (noun)
/dɪˈzæstər/

A

1- [countable] an unexpected event, such as a very bad accident, a flood, or a fire, that kills a lot of people or causes a lot of damage
= catastrophe
*an air disaster
*environmental disasters

2-[countable, uncountable] a very bad situation that causes problems
*Losing your job doesn’t have to be such a disaster.
*Disaster struck when the wheel came off.
*financial disaster

3-[countable, uncountable] (informal) a complete failure
*As a teacher, he’s a disaster.
(فاجعه,مصیبت,بلاء)

42
Q

nearby (adjective)
/ˈnɪrbaɪ/
[usually before noun]

A

-near in position; not far away
*Her mother lived in a nearby town.
*There were complaints from nearby residents(ساکنان).

43
Q

consult (verb)
/kənˈsʌlt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they consult
he / she / it consults
past simple consulted
-ing form consulting

A

1- [transitive] to go to someone for information or advice
* If the pain continues, consult your doctor.

2- [transitive, intransitive] to discuss something with someone to get their permission for something, or to help you make a decision
* You shouldn’t have done it without consulting me.

3- [transitive] consult something to look in or at something to get information
= refer to
*He consulted the manual.
(مشورت کردن,همفکری کردن، رایزنی کردن، کنکاش کردن، مشورت کردن، مشورت خواستن از، مشورت)

44
Q

accurate (adjective)
/ˈækyərət/
—
accurately (adverb)

A

1- correct and true in every detail
*an accurate description/account/calculation.

2- able to give completely correct information or to do something in an exact way
*a highly accurate electronic compass.

3- an accurate throw, shot, weapon, etc. hits or reaches the thing that it was aimed at.
Opposite inaccurate
(دقیق، صحیح، درست)
—
*The article accurately reflects public opinion.
*You need to hit the ball accurately.

45
Q

demand (noun)
/dɪˈmænd/

A

1- [countable] demand (for something/that…) a very firm request for something; something that someone needs.
*a demand for higher pay

2- demands [plural] demand (of something) demand (on somebody) things that someone or something makes you do, especially things that are difficult, make you tired, worried, etc.
*the demands of children/work

3- [uncountable, countable] demand (for something/somebody) the desire or need of customers for goods or services that they want to buy or use.
*to meet the demand for a product.
(تقاضا,درخواست کردن، نیاز، احتیاج، خواستارشدن، درخواست، طلب، تقاضا کردن، نیاز)

46
Q

introductory (adjective)
/ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəri/

A

1- written or said at the beginning of something as an introduction to what follows
synonym opening.
*introductory chapters/paragraphs/remarks.

2- intended as an introduction to a subject or an activity for people who have never done it before.
*introductory courses/lectures

3- offered for a short time only, when a product is first on sale
*a special introductory price of just $10
(دیباچه ای، وابسته به مقدمه، معارفه ای)

47
Q

Can you make a good living in anthropology?

A
48
Q

fascinating (adjective)
/ˈfæsəˌneɪt̮ɪŋ/
—
fascinatingly (adverb)

A
  • extremely interesting and attractive
    *a fascinating story/subject
    *The results of the survey made fascinating reading.
49
Q

currency (noun)
/ˈkərənsi/
(pl. currencies)

A

1- [countable, uncountable] the system of money that a country uses
*trading in foreign currencies.

2- [uncountable] the fact that something is used or accepted by a lot of people
*The term “post-industrial” now has wide currency.

50
Q

contractor (noun)
/ˈkɑnˌtræktər/

A
  • a person or company that has a contract to do work or provide goods or services for another company
    *a building/landscaping, etc. contractor
    *to employ an outside contractor
    (پیمانکار، مقاطعه کار)
51
Q

chain store

A

a store that is one of a series of similar stores owned by the same company
فروشگاه زنجیری

52
Q

objective (noun)
/əbˈdʒɛktɪv/

A

1- something that you are trying to achieve
= goal
*the main/primary/principal objective.

2- (also objective lens) (technology) the lens in a telescope or microscope that is nearest to the object being looked at
(هدف، مراد)

53
Q

identical (adjective)
/aɪˈdɛntɪkl/
—
identically (adverb)
/aɪˈdɛntɪkli/

A

1- similar in every detail
*a row of identical houses
*The two pictures are similar, although not identical.

2- the identical [only before noun] the same
*This is the identical room we stayed in last year.
—
*The children were dressed identically

54
Q

versus (preposition)
/ˈvərsəs/
(abbreviation v., vs.)

A

1- (sport or law) used to show that two teams or sides are against each other
*It is Texas versus Nebraska in the championship game.
*in the case of Roe versus Wade.

2- used to compare two different ideas, choices, etc.
*It was the promise of better job opportunities versus the inconvenience of moving away and leaving her friends.

(در مقابل, علیه، برضد، در برابر)

55
Q

absorbed (adjective)
/əbˈsɔrbd/
[not usually before noun] absorbed in something/somebody

A
  • very interested in something or someone so that you are not paying attention to anything else
    *She seemed totally absorbed in her book.
    (جذب شده)
56
Q

oversee (verb)
/ˌoʊvərˈsi/
oversee somebody/something

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they oversee
he / she / it oversees
past simple oversaw
past participle overseen
-ing form overseeing

A
  • to watch someone or something and make sure that a job or an activity is done correctly
    = supervise
    *United Nations observers oversaw the elections.
    (نظارت کردن,سرکشی کردن، مباشرت کردن، سرپرستی کردن)
57
Q

scenery (noun)
/ˈsinəri/
[uncountable]

A

1- the natural features of an area, such as mountains, valleys, rivers, and forests, when you are thinking about them being attractive to look at
*The scenery is magnificent(با شکوه، چشمگیر، مجلل).

2-the painted background that is used to represent natural features or buildings on a theater stage
(منظره,چشم انداز، صحنه سازی)

58
Q

algae (noun)
/ˈældʒi/
[uncountable, plural] (alga /ˈælɡə/ ) (technology)
—
algal
/ˈælɡəl/ adjective [only before noun]
algal blooms/growth

A

-very simple plants with no real leaves, stems, or roots that grow in or near water, including seaweed(علف دریایی، جلبک دریایی)
(خزه دریایی، جلبک)
—
*algal blooms(رشد انفجاری)/growth

59
Q

aware (adjective)
/əˈwɛr/

A

1- [not before noun] knowing or realizing something
*As you’re aware, this is not a new problem.
*Everybody should be made aware of the risks involved.

2- [not before noun] noticing that something is present, or that something is happening
* She slipped away without him being aware of it.

3- (used with an adverb) interested in and knowing about something, and thinking it is important
*Young people are very environmentally aware.
Opposite unaware
((از چیزی) آگاه بودن,آگاه، باخبر، با اطلاع، ملتفت، مواظب)

60
Q

irrigate (verb)
/ˈɪrəˌɡeɪt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they irrigate
he / she / it irrigates
past simple irrigated
-ing form irrigating

irrigation (noun [uncountable])
/ˌɪrəˈɡeɪʃn/

A

1- irrigate something to supply water to an area of land through pipes or channels so that crops will grow
*irrigated land/crops

*irrigation channels
*Irrigation has increased the area of cultivable(قابل کشت) land.
(ابیاری کردن، اب دادن (به))

61
Q

particular (adjective)
/pərˈtɪkyələr/

A

1- [only before noun] used to emphasize that you are referring to one individual person, thing, or type of thing and not others
= specific
*There is one particular patient I’d like you to see.

2- [only before noun] greater than usual; special
*We must pay particular attention to this point.

3- particular (about/over something) very definite about what you like and careful about what you choose
= fussy (داد وبیداد کن (برای چیزهای جزئی)، ایراد گیر)
*She’s very particular about her clothes

62
Q

dynasty (noun)
/ˈdaɪnəsti/
(pl. dynasties)
—
dynastic (adjective [usually before noun])
/daɪˈnæstɪk/

A

1- a series of rulers of a country who all belong to the same family
*the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty.

2- a period of years during which members of a particular family rule a country
*a Ming dynasty vase (گلدان)

3- a series of people from the same family who play an important role in business, politics, or another field
*the Rothschild banking dynasty
(سلسله، دودمان، خاندان پادشاهان)
—
*dynastic history

63
Q

treasure (noun)
/ˈtrɛʒər/

A

1-[uncountable] a collection of valuable things such as gold, silver, and jewelry
*buried treasure.

2- [countable, usually plural] a highly valued object
*the priceless art treasures of the Metropolitan Museum.

3- [singular] a person who is much loved or valued
*Liz is an absolute treasure—I couldn’t do without her.

64
Q

sophisticated (adjective)
/səˈfɪstəˌkeɪt̮əd/

A

1- having a lot of experience of the world and knowing about fashion, culture, and other things that people think are socially important
*the sophisticated pleasures of city life.

2- (of a machine, system, etc.) advanced and complicated in the way that it works or is presented
*highly sophisticated computer systems.

3- (of a person) able to understand difficult or complicated ideas
a sophisticated audience.
Opposite unsophisticated

(فرهیخته، امروزی, خبره و ماهر، درسطح بالا، )

65
Q

expedition (noun)
/ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃn/

A

1-an organized trip with a particular purpose, especially to find out about a place that is not well known
*to plan/lead/go on an expedition to the North Pole.

2- the people who go on an expedition
*Three members of the Everest expedition were killed.

3- (sometimes humorous) a short trip that you make when you want or need something
*a shopping expedition
(سفر اکتشافی، سفر با هدف تعیین شده)

66
Q

in charge (noun)
/ˈɪntʃɑːdʒ/

A
  • the person who is officially responsible for a department, etc.
    *the in charge of the district(منطقه، ناحیه) hospital
67
Q

took a tour

A
68
Q

hypothetical (adjective)
/ˌhaɪpəˈθɛt̮ɪkl/
—
hypothetically (adverb)
/ˌhaɪpəˈθɛt̮ɪkli/

A

-based on situations or ideas that are possible and imagined rather than real and true
*a hypothetical question/situation/example.

69
Q

debt (noun)
/dɛt/

A

1-[countable] a sum of money that someone owes
*I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country.

2-[uncountable] the situation of owing money, especially when you cannot pay
*He died heavily in debt.

3-[countable, usually singular] the fact that you should feel grateful to someone because they have helped you or been kind to you
*to owe a debt of gratitude to someone
*I would like to acknowledge my debt to my teachers.

70
Q

admit (verb) =confess
/ədˈmɪt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they admit
he / she / it admits
past simple admitted
-ing form admitting

A

1-[intransitive, transitive] admit (to somebody) (that…) to agree, often unwillingly, that something is true
=confess
*It was a stupid thing to do, I admit.

2- [intransitive, transitive] to say that you have done something wrong or illegal
=confess to
*He refused to admit to the other charges.

3- [transitive] to allow someone or something to enter a place
* Each ticket admits one adult.

4- [transitive] to allow someone to become a member of a club, a school, or an organization
* The society admits all U.S. citizens over 21.

5- [transitive, often passive] admit somebody to/into a hospital, an institution, etc. to take someone to a hospital or other institution where they can receive special care
*Two crash victims were admitted to the local hospital.

71
Q

confirm (verb)
/kənˈfərm/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they confirm
he / she / it confirms
past simple confirmed
-ing form confirming

A

1-to state or show that something is definitely true or correct, especially by providing evidence
*Rumors of job losses were later confirmed.

2-confirm something confirm somebody (in something) to make someone feel or believe something even more strongly
*The walk in the mountains confirmed his fear of heights.

3- confirm something to make a position, an agreement, etc. more definite or official; to establish someone or something firmly
*After a six-month probationary period, her position was confirmed.

4- [usually passive] confirm somebody to make someone a full member of the Christian Church
*She was baptized when she was a month old and confirmed when she was thirteen.

5- [usually passive] confirm somebody to perform a ceremony when a young person has completed their high school Jewish studies

72
Q

missionary (noun)
/ˈmɪʃəˌnɛri/
(pl. missionaries)

A

مبلغ مذهبی

73
Q

sighting (noun)
/ˈsaɪt̮ɪŋ/

A

-an occasion when someone sees someone or something, especially something unusual or something that lasts for only a short time
*a reported sighting of Elvis Presley
*This was the first sighting of the comet(ستاره دنباله دار) for 1,000 years.

74
Q

zoologist (noun)
/zoʊˈɑlədʒɪst/

A

-a scientist who studies zoology
جانورشناس

75
Q

dissect (verb)
/dɪˈsɛkt/ , /daɪˈsɛkt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they dissect ,
he / she / it dissects ,
past simple dissected ,
-ing form dissecting
—-
dissection (noun [uncountable, countable])
/dɪˈsɛkʃn/ , /daɪˈsɛkʃn/

A

1-dissect something to cut up a dead person, an animal, or a plant in order to study it
*The biology students had to dissect a rat(موش صحرایی).

2-dissect something to study something closely and/or discuss it in great detail
*Her latest novel was dissected by the critics(منتقدان).

3-dissect something to divide something into smaller pieces, areas, etc.
*The city is dissected by a network of old canals.
–
*anatomical dissection
*Your enjoyment of a novel can suffer from too much analysis and dissection.

76
Q

specimen (noun)
/ˈspɛsəmən/

A

1-a small amount of something that shows what the rest of it is like
= sample
*Astronauts have brought back specimens of rock from the moon.

2-a single example of something, especially an animal or a plant
*The aquarium has some interesting specimens of unusual tropical fish.

3-a small quantity of blood, urine, etc. that is taken from someone and tested by a doctor
*to provide/take a specimen

77
Q

quarrel (verb)
/ˈkwɔrəl/ , /ˈkwɑrəl/
[intransitive]
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they quarrel ,
he / she / it quarrels ,
past simple quarreled
(Canadian English usually)quarrelled ,
-ing form quarreling
(Canadian English usually)quarrelling

A

-to have an angry argument or disagreement
*My sister and I used to quarrel all the time.
*quarrel (with somebody) (about/over something) She quarreled with her brother over their father’s will.

78
Q

distinctive (adjective)
/dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/
—
distinctively (adverb)

A

-having a quality or characteristic that makes something different and easily noticed
= characteristic
*clothes with a distinctive style
*The male bird has distinctive white markings on its head.
—
*a distinctively nutty flavor
(متمایز)

79
Q

comparison (noun)
/kəmˈpærəsn/

A

1- [uncountable] comparison (with somebody/something) the process of comparing two or more people or things
*Comparison with other oil-producing countries is extremely interesting.

2- [countable] an occasion when two or more people or things are compared
*a comparison of the rail systems in Japan and the U.S.

80
Q

contradict (verb)
/ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they contradict
he / she / it contradicts
past simple contradicted
-ing form contradicting

A

1- to say that something that someone else has said is wrong, and that the opposite is true
* All evening her husband contradicted everything she said.

2-contradict something contradict each other (of statements or pieces of evidence) to be so different from each other that one of them must be wrong
*The two stories contradict each other.
(تناقض داشتن با,مخالف بودن با)

81
Q

reanalysed

A

دوباره تحلیل شد

82
Q

weasel (noun)
/ˈwizl/
—
weasel verb
/ˈwizl/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they weasel
he / she / it weasels
past simple weaseled
(Canadian English usually)weaselled
-ing form weaseling
(Canadian English usually)weaselling
—
weasel out (phrasal verb)

A

weasel out (of something) (informal) (disapproving)
-to avoid doing something that you ought to do or have promised to do
*He’s now trying to weasel out of our agreement.

83
Q

ancestor (noun)
/ˈænsɛstər/
—
ancestral (adjective)
/ænˈsɛstrəl/

A

1- a person in your family who lived a long time ago
= forebear
*His ancestors had come to America from Ireland.

2-an animal that lived in the past, that a modern animal has developed from
*a reptile(خزنده) that was the common ancestor of lizards and turtles.

3-an early form of a machine that later became more developed
= forerunner
*The ancestor of the modern bicycle was called a penny-farthing.
—
*her ancestral home (= that had belonged to her ancestors)
جد

84
Q

lineage (noun)
/ˈlɪniɪdʒ/
[uncountable, countable] (formal)

A

-the series of families that someone comes from originally
*a French nobleman of ancient(باستانی) lineage
= ancestry
(اصل و نسب)

85
Q

comparatively (adverb)
/kəmˈpærət̮ɪvli/

A

-as compared to something or someone else
= relatively
*The unit is comparatively easy to install and cheap to operate.
*He died comparatively young (= at a younger age than most people die).
*comparatively few/low/rare/recent
به صورت مقایسه ای

86
Q

blunt (adjective)
/blʌnt/
(blunter, bluntest)
—
bluntness (noun [uncountable])

A

1- without a sharp edge or point
*a blunt knife
*This pencil is blunt!
Opposite sharp

2- (of a person or remark) very direct; saying exactly what you think without trying to be polite
*She has a reputation for being blunt.

87
Q

vegetation (noun)
/ˌvɛdʒəˈteɪʃn/
[uncountable]

A

-plants in general, especially the plants that are found in a particular area or environment
*The hills are covered in lush(سرسبز) green vegetation.
*Desert areas have little vegetation.

88
Q

fleshy (adjective)
/ˈflɛʃi/

A

1-(of parts of the body or people) having a lot of flesh
*fleshy arms/lips.
*a large fleshy man.

2-(of plants or fruit) thick and soft
*fleshy fruit/leaves
گوشتی

89
Q

leaves

A

plural of leaf

90
Q

adept (adjective)
/əˈdɛpt/
adept (at/in something) adept (at/in doing something)
—
adept (noun)
/ˈædɛpt/ , /əˈdɛpt/
—
adeptly (noun)
/əˈdɛptli/

A
  • good at doing something that is quite difficult
    = skilful
    *He became adept at getting even the shyest students to talk
    ماهر
91
Q

forage (verb)
/ˈfɔrɪdʒ/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they forage ,
he / she / it forages ,
past simple foraged ,
-ing form foraging

A

1- [intransitive] forage (for something) (especially of an animal) to search for food
*The female only leaves the young when she forages for food.

2-[intransitive] forage (for something) (of a person) to search for something, especially using the hands
=rummage (زیر و رو کردن)
*Her assistant was foraging in a cabinet for some envelopes.

92
Q

justice (noun)
/ˈdʒʌstəs/

A

1- [uncountable] the fair treatment of people
*laws based on the principles of justice

2-[uncountable] the quality of being fair or reasonable
*Who can deny the justice of their cause?
Opposite injustice

3- [uncountable] the legal system used to punish people who have committed crimes
*the criminal justice system

4- Justice [countable] a judge in a court (also used before the name of a judge)
(دادگستری؛ عدالت, انصاف، درستی، دادگستری، )

93
Q

convict (verb)
/kənˈvɪkt/

[often passive]
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they convict
he / she / it convicts
past simple convicted
-ing form convicting
—
convict (noun)
/ˈkɑnvɪkt/

A
  • convict somebody (of something) to decide and state officially in court that someone is guilty of a crime
    *a convicted murderer
    *He was convicted of fraud.
    (محکوم کردن, مقصر دانسته شدن، مجرم، جانی، محبوس)
    —
    -a person who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prison
    *an escaped convict
94
Q

release (verb)
/rɪˈlis/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they release
he / she / it releases
past simple released
-ing form releasing

A

1-set someone or something free
*Death released him from his suffering.
*to release a prisoner/hostage

2- stop holding something
*He refused to release her arm.
= let somebody/something go, let somebody/something loose.

3- feelings
*She burst into tears, releasing all her pent-up emotions.

4- free someone from duty
*The club is releasing some of its older players.

5- part of machine
*to release the clutch/handbrake/switch, etc.

6- make less tight
*You need to release the tension in these shoulder muscles.

7- release something to make something available to the public.
*to release a movie/book/CD.

8- release something to make something available that had previously been restricted
*The new building program will go ahead as soon as the government releases the funds.

95
Q

commit (verb)
/kəˈmɪt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they commit
he / she / it commits
past simple committed
-ing form committing

A

1- [transitive] commit a crime, etc. to do something wrong or illegal
*to commit murder/adultery, etc.

2- [transitive] commit suicide to kill yourself deliberately (تعمدا,با تامل، با مشورت، عمدا)

3- [transitive, often passive] to promise sincerely that you will definitely do something, keep to an agreement or arrangement, etc.
*The President is committed to reforming health care.

4- [transitive] commit yourself (to something) to give an opinion or make a decision openly so that it is then difficult to change it
*You don’t have to commit yourself now, just think about it.

5- be loyal
*Why are so many men scared to commit? (= say they will be loyal to one person)

6- money/time
*The mayor has committed large amounts of money to housing projects.

7- to hospital/prison
*She was committed to a psychiatric hospital.

8- something to memory
*She committed the instructions to memory.

9- something to paper/writing
(مرتکب شدن؛ تعهد دادن,متعهد به انجام امری نمودن، سرسپردن، به کار بردن نیروها، وارد عمل کردن نیروها، انجام دادن، اعزام داشتن برای (مجازات و غیره))

96
Q

alternative (noun)
/ɔlˈtərnət̮ɪv/
—
alternative (adjective)
/ɔlˈtərnət̮ɪv/
[only before noun]

A
  • a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or more possibilities
    *You can be paid in cash weekly or by check monthly; those are the two alternatives.
    *We had no alternative but to fire Gibson.
    (راهکار جایگزین، راه دیگر)
    —
    1-(also al‧ter‧nate) that can be used instead of something else
    *an alternative method of doing something

2-different from the usual or traditional way in which something is done
*alternative comedy/music/lifestyles/values

97
Q

restorative (adjective)
/rɪˈstɔrət̮ɪv/
—
restorative (noun)
/rɪˈstɔrət̮ɪv/
(old-fashioned)

A

1- (formal) making you feel strong and healthy again
*the restorative power of fresh air.

2- (medical) connected with treatment that repairs the body or a part of it
*restorative dentistry/surgery
—
-a thing that makes you feel better, stronger, etc.
*Sleep is the best restorative there is.

98
Q

offender (noun)
/əˈfɛndər/

A

1- a person who commits a crime
*a persistent/serious/violent, etc. offender
*a young offender institution

2- a person or thing that does something wrong
*The report on sexual discrimination at work shows that some of the worst offenders are women.
(مجرم,متخلف، تخطی کننده، متجاوز، )

99
Q

go crazy

A

-to act in a way that is out of control : to act wildly.
* We were just talking when he suddenly went crazy and started screaming.
*The crowd went crazy when the team won the championship.

100
Q

plead (verb)
/plid/

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they plead
he / she / it pleads
past simple pleaded
(North American English also) past simple pled
-ing form pleading

A

1- [intransitive, transitive] to ask someone for something in a very strong and serious way
= beg
* She pleaded with him not to go.

2- [intransitive, transitive, no passive] to state in court that you are guilty or not guilty of a crime
*(+ adj.) to plead guilty/not guilty.

3- [transitive] plead something to present a case to a court
They hired a top lawyer to plead their case.

4- [transitive, no passive] plead something (for something) plead that… to give something as an explanation or excuse for something
*He pleaded family problems for his lack of concentration.

5- [transitive, intransitive] to argue in support of someone or something
* She appeared on television to plead the cause of political prisoners everywhere.

Vocabulary (37 decks)

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