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V4 Flashcards

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1
Q

apparently (adverb)
/əˈpɛrəntli/

A

-according to what you have heard or read; according to the way something appears
*Apparently they are getting divorced.
*He paused, apparently lost in thought.
(ظاهرا)

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2
Q

relieve (verb) = alleviate
/rɪˈliv/

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they relieve
he / she / it relieves
past simple relieved
-ing form relieving

A

1- relieve something to remove or reduce an unpleasant feeling or pain
*to relieve the symptoms of a cold

2- relieve something to make a problem less serious
= alleviate
*efforts to relieve poverty

3- relieve something to make something less boring, especially by introducing something different
*We played cards to relieve the boredom of the long wait.

4- relieve somebody to replace someone who is on duty
*to relieve a sentry

5- relieve something to free a town, etc. from an enemy army that has surrounded it

6- relieve yourself a polite way of referring to going to the bathroom
*I had to relieve myself behind a bush.

(تسکین بخشیدن, راحت کردن، تعویض نگهبانی، خلاص کردن (از درد و رنج و عذاب))

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3
Q

Life-changing

A
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4
Q

nonfiction (noun)
/ˌnɑnˈfɪkʃn/
[uncountable]

A
  • books, articles, or texts about real facts, people, and events
    *I prefer reading nonfiction.
    *the nonfiction section of the library
    opposite fiction (تخیلی)
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5
Q

evidence (noun)
/ˈɛvədəns/

A

1- [uncountable, countable] the facts, signs, or objects that make you believe that something is true
* There is convincing evidence of a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer.

2-[uncountable] the information that is used in court to try to prove something
*I was asked to give evidence (= to say what I knew, describe what I had seen, etc.) at the trial.

(مدرک، اثبات,بینه، شاهد، دلیل، گواه)

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6
Q

volunteer (noun)
/ˌvɑlənˈtɪr/

A

1- a person who does a job without being paid for it
*volunteer helpers

2- a person who offers to do something without being forced to do it
*Are there any volunteers to help clean up?

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7
Q

emphasize (verb)
/ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz/

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they emphasize
he / she / it emphasizes
past simple emphasized
-ing form emphasizing

A

1- to give special importance to something
= stress
* His speech emphasized the importance of attracting industry to the town.

2- emphasize something to make something more noticeable
*She swept her hair back from her face to emphasize her high cheekbones.

3- emphasize something to give extra force to a word or phrase when you are speaking, especially to show that it is important

(با تاکید ادا کردن، بر چیزی تکیه کردن,باقوت تلفظ کردن، تایید کردن، اهمیت دادن، نیرو دادن)

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8
Q

cautious (adjective)
/ˈkɔʃəs/

cautiously (adverb)

cautiousness (noun [uncountable])

A
  • being careful about what you say or do, especially to avoid danger or mistakes; not taking any risks
    *The government has been cautious in its response to the report.
    (محتاط، هوشیار، مواظب)
    —–

*She looked cautiously around and then walked away from the house.

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9
Q

optimistic (adjective) = positive OP
/ˌɑptəˈmɪstɪk/

optimistically (adverb)
/ˌɑptəˈmɪstɪkli/

A
  • expecting good things to happen or something to be successful; showing this feeling
    = positive
  • She’s not very optimistic about the outcome of the talks.
    Opposite pessimistic
    (خوشبینانه)

*He spoke optimistically about better relations between the two countries.

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10
Q

definitely (adverb)
/ˈdɛfənətli/

definite (noun)
definition (noun)
definitive (adjective)

A

1- (informal) a way of emphasizing that something is true and that there is no doubt about it
*I definitely remember sending the letter.

2- in a way that is certain or that shows that you are certain
*The date of the move has not been definitely decided yet (= it may change).
(قطعا)

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11
Q

worth (adjective)
/wərθ/
[not before noun] (used like a preposition, followed by a noun, pronoun, or number, or by the -ing form of a verb)

A

1- worth something having a value in money, etc.
*Our house is worth about $100,000.
*How much is this painting worth?

2- used to recommend the action mentioned because you think it may be useful, enjoyable, etc.
*The museum is certainly worth a visit.

3- worth something/doing something important, good, or enjoyable enough to make someone feel satisfied, especially when difficulty or effort is involved
*Was it worth the effort?

4- worth something (of a person) having money and possessions of a particular value
*He’s worth $10 million.

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12
Q

Thanks for having me!

A
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13
Q

confess (verb)
/kənˈfɛs/

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they confess
he / she / it confesses
past simple confessed
-ing form confessing

A

1- [intransitive, transitive] to admit, especially formally or to the police, that you have done something wrong or illegal
*After hours of questioning, the suspect confessed.

2- [intransitive, transitive] to admit something that you feel ashamed or embarrassed about
* She was reluctant to confess her ignorance.

3- [intransitive, transitive] confess (something) (to somebody) (especially in the Roman Catholic Church) to tell God or a priest about the bad things you have done so that you can say that you are sorry and be forgiven

4- [transitive] confess somebody (of a priest) to hear someone confess their sins (= the bad things they have done)

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14
Q

Stress out

A

-Stress out means to cause someone to experience emotional stress, especially by being a repeated source of it,
The adjective stressed-out means experiencing a lot of stress.
*You’re really stressing me out by bringing up this topic over and over again.

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15
Q

get in on something

A
  • to be involved in or benefit from something when there is an opportunity:
    *If you’d like to get in on this offer, call now.
  • to start to take part in an activity that is already happening because you will win an advantage from it:
    *A Japanese company tried to get in on the deal.
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16
Q

come up with something (phrasal verb)

A
  • to suggest or think of an idea or plan:
    *She’s come up with some amazing scheme(طرح) to double her income.
  • to manage to find or produce something that is needed, usually money:
    *They gave him 30 days to come up with the money he owed.
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17
Q

enormous (adjective) = huge, immense
/ɪˈnɔrməs/

A
  • extremely large
    = huge, immense
    an enormous house/dog
    an enormous amount of time
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18
Q

silly , sillier, silliest (adjective)
/ˈsɪli/

silliness (noun [uncountable])

A

=foolish
=ridiculous

*That was a silly thing to do!
*a silly sense of humor
*Why worry about a silly thing like that?

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19
Q

whether (conjunction)
/ˈwɛðər/

A

1- used to express a doubt or choice between two possibilities
*He seemed undecided whether to go or stay.

2- used to show that something is true in either of two cases
*You are entitled to(سزاوار، مستحق) a free gift whether you accept our offer of insurance(بیمه) or not.

(چه، خواه)

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20
Q

strengthen (verb)
/ˈstrɛŋkθən/
[intransitive, transitive]

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they strengthen
he / she / it strengthens
past simple strengthened
-ing form strengthening

A
  • to become stronger; to make someone or something stronger
    *Her position in the party has strengthened in recent weeks.
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21
Q

I don’t have any idea/no idea about …

A
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22
Q

Any time I feel this type of way/ this way

A
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23
Q

I was the first grandchild/ first of the grandchildren

A
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24
Q

Birth (noun, verb)

A

*I gave birth to a beautiful girl.
*That political discussion gave birth to the current president.
*Our conversation gave birth to an idea.
*Birth of a nation.
—-
*My sister and I birthed a fantastic idea about a movie script.

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25
Q

Pregnant (adj)

Pregnancy (noun)

A

*my mom had a difficult pregnancy.
* pregnancy test

-pregnant with something (formal) full of a quality or feeling
*Her silences were pregnant with criticism.
—
-full of meaning/significance
* a pregnant moment/idea/memory

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26
Q

abortion (noun)
/əˈbɔrʃn/

abort (verb)
/əˈbɔrt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they abort
he / she / it aborts
past simple aborted
-ing form aborting

A

1-[uncountable] the deliberate(عمدی) ending of a pregnancy at an early stage
*to support/oppose abortion
*a woman’s right to abortion

2- [countable] a medical operation to end a pregnancy so that the baby is not born alive
*She decided to have an abortion.

1- [intransitive, transitive, often passive] to end or cause something to end before it has been completed, especially because it is likely to fail (computing)
*If the wrong password is given the program will abort.

2-[transitive] abort something to end a pregnancy early in order to prevent a baby from developing and being born alive
*to abort a pregnancy/fetus(جنین)

3-[intransitive] (technology) to give birth to a child or young animal too early for it to survive
*The virus can cause pregnant animals to abort.

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27
Q

Expecting

A

*We’re expecting [a baby]

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28
Q

*When I was born, I weighed approximately 4 kilos.
*How much did you weigh when you were born?

A
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29
Q

due (noun)
/du/

(adjective )-(adverb)

A

1- your/someone’s due [uncountable] a thing that should be given to someone by right
*He received a large reward, which was no more than his due (= than what he deserved).

2-dues [plural] charges, for example to be a member of a club
*to pay your dues
*union dues

*I’m due two days from now.
* your baby is due December 7th.
*Your homework is due Monday at 11:59

(ناشی از,قابل پرداخت,موعد پرداخت,پرداختنی)

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30
Q

One of my oldest friends

A
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31
Q

She took me under her wings

A
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32
Q

segregate (verb) Opposite integrate
/ˈsɛɡrəˌɡeɪt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they segregate
he / she / it segregates
past simple segregated
-ing form segregating

A

1- segregate somebody (from somebody) to separate people of different races, religions, or sexes and treat them in a different way
*a culture in which women are segregated from men
*Whites and blacks were segregated into different parts of town.
Opposite integrate

2- segregate something (from something) to keep one thing separate from another
*In all our restaurants, smoking and non-smoking areas are segregated from each other.
—
Segregated wedding

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33
Q

divorce (verb)
/dəˈvɔrs/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they divorce
he / she / it divorces
past simple divorced
-ing form divorcing
—
divorce (noun)
—
divorced (adjective)

A

1[transitive, intransitive] divorce (somebody) to end your marriage to someone legally
*They’re getting divorced.

2-[transitive, often passive] divorce somebody/something from something (formal) to separate, a person, an idea, a subject, etc. from something; to keep two things separate
*They believed that art should be divorced from
politics.
—
*The marriage ended in divorce in 1996.
*the divorce between religion and science
—
*Many divorced men remarry and have second families.
*He seems completely divorced from reality.

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34
Q

engaged (adjective)
/ɪnˈɡeɪdʒd/

A

1- having agreed to marry someone
*When did you get engaged?

2-(formal) busy doing something
*engaged (in something) –They are engaged in talks with the Chinese government.
*I was so engaged in our conversation about God.

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35
Q

widow (verb)
/ˈwɪdoʊ/
be widowed
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they widow
he / she / it widows
past simple widowed
-ing form widowing
—
widowed (adjective)

A
  • if someone is widowed, their husband or wife has died
    *She was widowed when she was 35.
    —
    *his widowed father
    *I was widowed because of the accident.
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36
Q

celibate (adjective)
/ˈsɛləbət/

elibacy (noun [uncountable])
/ˈsɛləbəsi/

A

1- not married and not having sex, especially for religious reasons
*celibate priests

2- not having sex
*I’ve been celibate for the past six months.
—
*a vow(نذر,عهد) of celibacy

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37
Q

split up (phrasal verb)

A

-split up (with somebody)
to stop having a relationship with someone
*My parents split up last year.

-split somebody up
to make two people stop having a relationship with each other
*My friend is doing her best to split us up.

-split somebody up | split up
to divide a group of people into smaller parts; to become divided up in this way
*We were split up into groups to discuss the question.

-split something—up
to divide something into smaller parts
*The day was split up into 6 one-hour sessions.

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38
Q

perish (verb)
/ˈpɛrɪʃ/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they perish
he / she / it perishes
past simple perished
-ing form perishing

A

1- [intransitive] (formal or literary) (of people or animals) to die, especially in a sudden violent way
*A family of four perished in the fire.

2-[intransitive] (formal) to be lost or destroyed
*Early buildings were made of wood and have perished.

[Idioms]
-perish the thought (informal)
used to say that you find a suggestion unacceptable or that you hope that something will never happen
*Me get married? Perish the thought!

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39
Q

My grandfather died = my grandfather passed [away] = the victim is deceased(مرحوم,مرده)

A
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40
Q

incompetence (noun)
/ɪnˈkɑmpət̮əns/
[uncountable]
—
incompetent (adjective) Opposite competent
/ɪnˈkɑmpət̮ənt/

incompetently (adverb)

A

-the lack of skill or ability to do your job or a task as it should be done
*professional incompetence
*police incompetence
—-
-not having the skill or ability to do your job or a task as it should be done
*an incompetent teacher
opposite competent

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41
Q

Unexpected turn of events

A

چرخش غیر منتظره وقایع

42
Q

funereal (adjective)
/fyʊˈnɪriəl/
(formal)

A

-suitable for a funeral; sad
*a funereal atmosphere
*to walk at a funereal pace (= very slowly)
(مراسم تشییع جنازه,محزون)
*funereal facial expression

43
Q

*I missed my chance to immigrate.
*I missed the bus.
*I missed a huge opportunity.

A
44
Q

fond (adjective)
/fɑnd/
(fonder, fondest)

A

1- fond of somebody feeling affection for someone, especially someone you have known for a long time
*Over the years, I have grown quite fond of her.

2- fond of (doing) something finding something pleasant or enjoyable, especially something you have liked or enjoyed for a long time
*fond of music/cooking

*I’m fond of sweets.

45
Q

cope (verb) = manage
/koʊp/
[intransitive]
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they cope
he / she / it copes
past simple coped
-ing form coping

A
  • to deal successfully with something difficult
    = manage
    *I got to the stage where I wasn’t coping any more.
    *cope with something– He wasn’t able to cope with the stresses and strains(صدمه ناشی از فشار بیش از حد) of the job.
    *Desert plants are adapted to cope with extreme heat.

*coping mechanism

46
Q

Once/twice/three times
Once a year
Twice a year
Three times a year

A
47
Q

Collect (verb)

A

*I have a tendency to collect the emotional baggage of others.

48
Q

tendency (noun) = trend
/ˈtɛndənsi/
(pl. tendencies)

A

1-if someone or something has a particular tendency, they are likely to behave or act in a particular way
*to display artistic, etc. tendencies
*This material has a tendency to shrink when washed.

2- tendency (for somebody/something) (to do something) tendency (to/toward something) a new custom that is starting to develop
= trend
*There is a growing tendency among employers to hire casual staff.

49
Q

memorabilia (noun)
/ˌmɛmərəˈbɪliə/
[plural]

A
  • things that people collect because they once belonged to a famous person, or because they are connected with a particular interesting place, event, or activity
    *baseball/Beatles memorabilia
50
Q

falter (verb) = waver
/ˈfɔltər/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they falter
he / she / it falters
past simple faltered
-ing form faltering

A

1- [intransitive] to become weaker or less effective
= waver
*The economy shows no signs of faltering.

2- [intransitive, transitive] (+ speech) to speak in a way that shows that you are not confident
*His voice faltered as he began his speech.

51
Q

Against (of-wrong)

A
52
Q

notion (noun)
/ˈnoʊʃn/

A

-an idea, a belief, or an understanding of something
*notion (of something)– a political system based on the notions of equality and liberty
*She had only a vague(مبهم) notion of what might happen.
*He has no notion of the difficulty of the problem.
*notion (that…) — I have to reject the notion that greed(طمع) can be a good thing.

53
Q

delusion (noun)
/dɪˈluʒn/

delusional (adjective)
/dɪˈluʒənl/

A

1- [countable] a false belief or opinion about yourself or your situation
*the delusions of the mentally ill
*Don’t go getting delusions of grandeur(عظمت) (= a belief that you are more important than you actually are).

2- [uncountable] the act of believing or making yourself believe something that is not true
*He seems to have retreated into a world of fear and delusion.

-having ideas or beliefs that are not based in reality
*Delusional thinking led him to believe they were plotting against him.
*Her plan to become a famous movie star turned out to be completely delusional.

54
Q

I have now realized how stupid I was.
She has just arrived.
Sara has now fully transformed(=convert)

A
55
Q

servant (noun)
/ˈsərvənt/

A

1- a person who works in another person’s house, and cooks, cleans, etc. for them
*a domestic servant

2-a person who works for a company or an organization
*a public servant
(خدمتگزار,خدمتکار)

56
Q

commemorative (adjective)
/kəˈmɛmrət̮ɪv/

= celebratory

A
  • intended to help people remember and respect an important person or event in the past
    *commemorative stamps
    *A commemorative plaque on the bridge records the name of the engineer.
    (یادبود)
    *I’m throwing this party to commemorate the memory of my mother.
57
Q

turn something upside down

A

*Immigration turned my world upside down.

58
Q

I laugh at the miseries(بدبختی ها) of life, unlike so many of my contemporaries(معاصران) who find it destructive.

A
59
Q

I wasn’t sure if he was going to like me.

A
60
Q

Newborn (adj)

A
  • it’s only a newborn notion.
61
Q

renewal (noun)
/rɪˈnuəl/
[uncountable, countable]

A

1- renewal (of something) a situation in which something begins again after a pause or an interruption
*a renewal of interest in traditional teaching methods

2-the act of making a contract, etc. valid for a further period of time after it has finished
*The lease(اجاره) comes up for renewal at the end of the month.

3-a situation in which something is replaced, improved, or made more successful
*economic renewal
*urban renewal (= the act of improving the buildings, etc. in a particular area)
—
*the renewal of my interest
* your interest in the childhood music was renewed.

62
Q

Never-ending (adj)

A

*living in Iran is like living in a never-ending spiral(مارپیچ) of disasters(فاجعه,بدبختی).

63
Q

World-famous (adj)

A
64
Q

Soft drink (without alcohol)

A
65
Q

duplicate (verb)
/ˈdupləˌkeɪt/

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they duplicate
he / she / it duplicates
past simple duplicated
-ing form duplicating
—
duplication ( noun [uncountable, countable])
/ˌdupləˈkeɪʃn/
—
duplicate (noun) = copy
/ˈdupləkət/

A

1-[often passive] duplicate something to make an exact copy of something
*a duplicated form

2- duplicate something to do something again, especially when it is unnecessary
*There’s no point in duplicating work already done.
—
-one of two or more things that are the same in every detail
= copy
*Is this a duplicate or the original?

[[Idioms]]
in duplicate
(of documents, etc.) as two copies that are exactly the same in every detail
*to prepare a contract in duplicate

66
Q

*I share my sister’s passion in collecting dolls.
*I share the passion of animation with my sister.

A
67
Q

forbid (verb)=prohibit & Opposite allow, permit
/fərˈbɪd/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they forbid
he / she / it forbids
past simple forbade ,
past participle forbidden
-ing form forbidding
—
forbidden (adjective)

A

1- to order someone not to do something; to order that something must not be done
*He forbade them from mentioning the subject again.
Opposite allow, permit

2- forbid something forbid somebody to do something (formal) to make it difficult or impossible to do something
= prohibit
*Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.

68
Q

I have to give/share/voice my opinion.

A
69
Q

I’m more knowledgeable than them.

A
70
Q

Heartbreaking/heartrending session

A
71
Q

A lot of my problems stem (ساقه) from that.

A
72
Q

dozen (noun,determiner)
/ˈdʌzn/
(pl. dozen)

A

1-[countable] (abbreviation doz.) a group of twelve of the same thing
*Give me a dozen, please.

2-[countable] a group of approximately twelve people or things
*several dozen/a few dozen people

3- dozens [plural] (informal) a lot of people or things
*They arrived in dozens (= in large numbers).
—
*I bought a dozen cookies.
* half a dozen eggs.
*I can count about a dozen chickens.

73
Q

Moor/ plain/ grassland/field of grass

A
74
Q

I will stay in

A

stayed in; staying in; stays in. : to stay inside or at home instead of going out.

75
Q

Payback (noun) = revenge (noun)

A

وام گرفتن
*Pay your mom back.
*I paid it back to my mom.
—
بازپرداخت

76
Q

You don’t have the right to question my judgement about turbines

A
77
Q

Big/Swollen-headed (adjective)

A

-characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated(اغراق آمیز) sense of self-importance.

78
Q

confide (verb)
/kənˈfaɪd/

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they confide
he / she / it confides
past simple confided
-ing form confiding
—
confidant (noun)
confide in (phrasal verb)
confidence (noun)

A

-to tell someone secrets and personal information that you do not want other people to know.
*confide something (to somebody) /She confided all her secrets to her best friend.
*confide (to somebody) that… He confided to me that he had applied for another job.
*+ speech “It was a lie,” he confided.
—
*Can I confide in you?
*I confided in my best friend about the events of last night.

79
Q

advice (noun)
/ədˈvaɪs/
[uncountable] advice (on something)
—
advise (verb) = inform
/ədˈvaɪz/
[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they advise
he / she / it advises
past simple advised
-ing form advising
—
Adviser (noun)

A

-an opinion or a suggestion about what someone should do in a particular situation
*advice on road safety
*I have an advice about your previous decision.
*I want to give you some advice about engineering.
*I will bestow(عطا کردن) some advice upon you.
—
*Before his divorce, I advised him to go to a therapist.
*I advised her not to do yoga.
*He advised me against talking to the police.
—
مشاور
*legal/financial/business advisers

80
Q

Warning (noun)
Warn (verb)

A

*I gave her a warning about her new boss.
*Peyman didn’t pay attention to my warnings about …
*Peyman didn’t heed(توجه) my warnings about …
—
*She warned me about today’s weather.
*She warned me not to befriend(دوست شدن) a colleague.
*I warned you against working at our company.

81
Q

Offer (noun, verb)

A

*We had a great offer from a huge company.
*They offered a really high salary to her.
*I’m offering this boy to the gods.
*I’m offering you my undivided time and attention.

82
Q

Threat (noun)

Threaten (verb)

Threatening (adj)

A

*Donald Trump made a threat to attack Iran.

*Trump threatened Iran with weapons and war planes.

*a threatening political move.
تهدید کردن، ترساندن

83
Q

tire (verb)
/ˈtaɪər/
[intransitive, transitive]
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they tire
he / she / it tires
past simple tired
-ing form tiring

A

-tire (somebody) to become tired and feel as if you want to sleep or rest; to make someone feel this way
*Her legs were beginning to tire.
*He has made a good recovery but still tires easily.
*children tire me greatly.

84
Q

; however
. However

A
85
Q

strike verb
/straɪk/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they strike
he / she / it strikes
past simple struck
past participle struck
-ing form striking

A

1-[transitive] strike somebody/something (formal) to hit someone or something hard or with force
*The child ran into the road and was struck by a car.
2-[transitive] strike somebody/something (something) (formal) to hit someone or something with your hand or a weapon
*She struck him in the face.
3-[transitive] strike something (formal) to hit or kick a ball, etc.
He walked up to the penalty spot and struck the *ball firmly into the back of the net.
4-[intransitive] to attack someone or something, especially suddenly
*The lion crouched(دولا شدن) ready to strike.
5-[intransitive, transitive] to happen suddenly and have a harmful or damaging effect on someone or something
*Two days later tragedy struck.
6-[transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses) (of a thought or an idea) to come into someone’s mind suddenly
* An awful thought has just struck me.
7-[transitive] to give someone a particular impression
*His reaction struck me as odd.
8
.
.
.
—
*A family was struck by the tragedy of the mother’s death.

86
Q

Operation (noun)
operate (verb)

A

*tragedy operates as a literary(ادبیادبی) genre in which something bad overcomes the good.

87
Q

*I have never flown to a foreign country.
*I have never fully flown to a foreign country.

A
88
Q

*Sara has never fully stuck to her lessons.

A

*She aspires(اشتیاق داشتن) to dedicate(اختصاص دادن) her whole free time to perfecting the English language.

89
Q

peer (noun)
/pɪr/
—
peer (verb)
/pɪr/
[intransitive] (+ adv./prep.)
[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they peer
he / she / it peers
past simple peered
-ing form peering

A

-[usually plural] a person who is the same age or who has the same social status as you
*She enjoys the respect of her peers.
—
-to look closely or carefully at something, especially when you cannot see it clearly
*We peered into the shadows.
—
Peer pressure —
*I was peer-pressured into smoking (I started smoking because of peer pressure)

90
Q

surrogate adjective
/ˈsərəɡət/
(formal)

surrogate (noun)

A

-used to describe a person or thing that takes the place of, or is used instead of, someone or something else
*She saw him as a sort of surrogate father.
*Surrogate mother

91
Q

disrupt (verb)
/dɪsˈrʌpt/
(disrupt something)

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they disrupt
he / she / it disrupts
past simple disrupted
-ing form disrupting

disruption (noun [uncountable, countable])
/dɪsˈrʌpʃn/

A
  • to make it difficult for something to continue in the normal way
    *Demonstrators succeeded in disrupting the meeting.
    *Bus services will be disrupted tomorrow because of the bridge closure.
    (مختل کردن,از هم گسیختن، بهم زدن قوا، منقطع کردن، درهم گسیختن )
    —
    *We aim to help you move house with minimum disruption to your life.
    *disruptions to rail services
92
Q

internship (noun)
/ˈɪntərnˌʃɪp/

A

1- a period of time during which a student or new graduate gets practical experience in a job, for example during the summer vacation
*an internship at a television station

2- a job that an advanced student of medicine, whose training is nearly finished, does in a hospital to get further practical experience

(کارآموزی، دوره انترنی)

93
Q

as the months go by

A

It is typically used to describe how time passes over a long period of time, such as: “As the months go by, I can feel the seasons changing.”

94
Q

innovative (adjective)
/ˈɪnəˌveɪt̮ɪv/
(less frequent innovatory /ˈɪnəvəˌtɔri/ , /ˈɪnəˌveɪt̮əri/ )
(approving)

A
  • introducing or using new ideas, ways of doing something, etc.
    *There will be a prize for the most innovative design.
    (مبتکرانه، خلاقانه)
95
Q

nonconformist (noun) - (adjective)
/ˌnɑnkənˈfɔrmɪst/

A
  • a person who does not follow normal ways of thinking or behaving
    (ناپیرو، نامقلد، ناموافق، خود رای)
96
Q

bet (verb)
/bɛt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they bet
he / she / it bets
past simple bet
-ing form betting

A

1- [intransitive, transitive] to risk money on a race or an event by trying to predict the result.
*bet on/against something I wouldn’t bet on them winning the next election.
*bet something (on something) He bet $2,000 on the final score of the game.
*bet (somebody) (something) (that…) She bet me $20 that I wouldn’t do it.

2- [transitive] (informal) used to say that you are almost certain that something is true or that something will happen
*bet (that)… I bet (that) we’re too late.

97
Q

pass on

A

-You can say that someone passed on to mean that they died, if you want to avoid using the word ‘die’ because you think it might upset or offend people. *He passed on at the age of 72

98
Q

intimate (adjective)
/ˈɪntəmət/
—
intimately (adverb)

A

1- (of people) having a close and friendly relationship
*intimate friends

2- private and personal, often in a sexual way
*The article revealed(آشکار کرد) intimate details about his family life.

3- (of a place or situation) encouraging close, friendly relationships, sometimes of a sexual nature
*an intimate restaurant.

4- (of knowledge) very detailed and thorough
*an intimate knowledge of the countryside

5- (of a link between things) very close
*an intimate connection between class and educational success

6- intimate (with somebody) (formal or law) having a sexual relationship with someone
(صمیمی,مطلبی را رساندن، معنی دادن، گفتن، محرم ساختن، دوست صمیمی، محرم، خودمانی)
—
*intimately connected/linked/related
*an area of the country that he knew intimately

99
Q

procrastinate (verb)
/prəˈkræstəˌneɪt/
[intransitive] (formal) (disapproving)

[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they procrastinate
he / she / it procrastinates
past simple procrastinated
-ing form procrastinating
—
procrastination ( noun [uncountable])
/prəˌkræstəˈneɪʃn/
—
procrastinator (noun)

A
  • to delay doing something that you should do, usually because you do not want to do it
    *People were dying of starvation while governments procrastinated.

(تعلل کردن, به دفع الوقت گذراندن، معوق گذاردن)

100
Q

ahead of time (phrase)

A
  • earlier than a particular moment.
    *She always planned our meals ahead of time.

-having new ideas, opinions, or ways of living long before most other people do.
*The documentary shows a modern woman years ahead of her time.

-in advance:
*We had a date for lunch, and I said I’d call her ahead of time to decide where.

Vocabulary (37 decks)

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