V6 Flashcards
put a human face on something
- to make an important event or principle understandable to ordinary people by directing their attention to the way it affects a particular person.
*Anne Frank was the girl whose diary put a human face on the Holocaust.
-to make (something) more appealing, easier to understand, or easier to care about by connecting it to an actual person.
*The author puts a human face on the disease by interviewing people who have it.
seascape (noun)
/ˈsiskeɪp/
-a picture or view of the ocean
*a vast, sweeping seascape of sky, waves and sand
signature (noun)
/ˈsɪɡnətʃər/
1- [countable] your name as you usually write it, for example at the end of a letter
*Someone had forged her signature on the check.
2- [uncountable] (formal) the act of signing something
*Two copies of the contract will be sent to you for signature.
3- [countable, usually singular] a particular quality that makes something different from other similar things and makes it easy to recognize
*Bright colors are his signature.
if you’re breaking the law by keeping it?
ethical (adjective)
/ˈɛθɪkl/
—
ethically (adverb)
/ˈɛθɪkli/
1- connected with beliefs and principles about what is right and wrong
*ethical issues/standards/questions.
2- morally correct or acceptable
Is it ethical to promote cigarettes through advertising?
(اخلاقی)
—
*The committee judged that he had not behaved ethically.
*Doctors felt ethically obliged to continue the treatment.
furniture (noun)
/ˈfərnɪtʃər/
[uncountable]
- objects that can be moved, such as tables, chairs, and beds, that are put into a house or an office to make it suitable for living or working in
*a piece of furniture
*patio/office, etc. furniture
*We need to buy some new furniture.
aspect (noun)
/ˈæspɛkt/
1- [countable] a particular part or feature of a situation, an idea, a problem, etc.; a way in which it may be considered
*The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.
2- [uncountable, singular] (formal) the appearance of a place, a situation, or a person
*Events began to take on a more sinister aspect.
3- [countable, usually singular] (formal) the direction in which a building, window, piece of land, etc. faces; the side of a building that faces a particular direction
= orientation
*Our room had a western aspect.
4- [uncountable, countable] (grammar) the form of a verb that shows, for example, whether the action happens once or repeatedly, is completed or still continuing
(جنبه، ابعاد (بصورت جمع),جهت شیب، نمود، سیما، منظر، صورت، ظاهر، وضع، )
staircase (noun)
/ˈstɛrkeɪs/
-a set of stairs including the posts and rails (= banisters) that are fixed at the side
*a marble/stone/wooden staircase
(راه پله)
liable (adjective)
/ˈlaɪəbl/
[not before noun]
—
liability (noun)
/ˌlaɪəˈbɪlət̮i/
(pl. liabilities)
1- liable (for something) legally responsible for paying the cost of something
*You will be liable for any damage caused.
2- /ˈlaɪbl/ liable to do something likely to do something
*We’re all liable to make mistakes when we’re tired.
3- /ˈlaɪbl/ liable to something likely to be affected by something
= prone (مستعد به انجام کاری,حالت درازکش، متمایل، مستعد، مهیا، دمر)
*You are more liable to injury if you exercise infrequently.
4- liable to something likely to be punished by law for something
*Offenders are liable to fines of up to $500.
5- liable for/to something liable to do something having to do something by law
*People who earn under a certain amount are not liable to pay tax.
(مستعد,قابل اطمینان، مسئول، مشمول)
—
1-[uncountable] liability (for something) liability (to do something) the state of being legally responsible for something
*The company cannot accept liability for any damage caused by natural disasters.
2- [countable, usually singular] (informal) a person or thing that causes you a lot of problems
*Since his injury, Jones has become more of a liability than an asset to the team.
3- [countable, usually plural] the amount of money that a person or company owes
*The company is reported to have liabilities of nearly $90 ,000.
(تعهد، الزام، اسناد دیونی، مسئولیت، دین، بدهی، فرض، شمول، احتمال، (درمحاسبات) بدهکاری، استعداد، سزاواری)
landlord (noun)
/ˈlændlɔrd/
-a person or company from whom you rent a room, a house, an office, etc.
intense (adjective)
/ɪnˈtɛns/
—
intensely (adverb)
—
intensify (verb)
/ɪnˈtɛnsəˌfaɪ/
[intransitive, transitive]
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they intensify
he / she / it intensifies
past simple intensified
-ing form intensifying
—
intensification (noun [uncountable, singular])
/ɪnˌtɛnsəfəˈkeɪʃn/
—
intense fear/ anger/ hunger/ headache/ odor(بو، رایحه) / light
intensive program / care/ study / effort (تلاش، کوشش) / therapy
1- very great; very strong
= extreme
*intense heat/cold/pain
2- serious and often involving a lot of action in a short period of time
*intense competition
3- (of a person) having or showing very strong feelings, opinions, or thoughts about someone or something
*an intense look
—
*She disliked him intensely.
—
-to increase in degree or strength; to make something increase in degree or strength
= heighten
*Violence intensified during the night.
—
parasite (noun)
/ˈpærəˌsaɪt/
1- a small animal or plant that lives on or inside another animal or plant and gets its food from it
*fleas, lice, and other parasites.
2- (disapproving) a person who always relies on or benefits from other people and gives nothing back
*He regards students as parasites on society.
(انگل، طفیلی، صدای مزاحم، پارازیت)
draw off (phrasal verb)
draw something—off
-to remove some liquid from a larger supply
*The doctor drew off some fluid to relieve the pressure.
(منحرف کردن، کسر کردن، برداشت، کاستن، کم کردن، جدا کردن، مجزا کردن، دور کردن از)
nausea (noun)
/ˈnɔziə/
- the feeling that you have when you want to vomit, for example because you are sick or are disgusted by something
*A wave of nausea swept over her.
*Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms.
(دل اشوب، حالت تهوع، حالت استفراغ، انزجار)
infected (adjective)
/ɪnˈfɛktəd/
-containing harmful bacteria
*The wound from the dog bite became infected.
*an infected water supply
(آلوده)
insecticide (noun)
/ɪnˈsɛktəˌsaɪd/
[countable, uncountable]
—
insecticidal (adjective)
/ɪnˌsɛktəˈsaɪdl/
-a chemical used for killing insects
*crops sprayed with insecticides
prevent (verb)
/prɪˈvɛnt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they prevent
he / she / it prevents
past simple prevented
-ing form preventing
—
preventable (adjective)
/prɪˈvɛntəbl/
-to stop someone from doing something; to stop something from happening
*The accident could have been prevented.
*The government took steps to prevent a scandal.
—
*preventable diseases/accidents.
(ممانعت کردن,جلوگیری کردن، پیش گیری کردن، باز داشتن، مانع شدن)
implement (verb)
/ˈɪmpləmənt/ , /ˈɪmpləˌmɛnt/
[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they implement
he / she / it implements
past simple implemented
-ing form implementing
—
implementation ( noun [uncountable])
/ˌɪmpləmənˈteɪʃn/
- implement something to make something that has been officially decided start to happen or be used
= carry something—out
*to implement changes/decisions/policies/reforms
*A new work program for young people will be implemented.
(پیاده کردن، انجام دادن,اجرا کردن، آلت، افزار، ابزار، اسباب، انجام دادن، ایفا کردن، اجرا کردن، تکمیل کردن، )
—
*the implementation of the new system
cooperate (verb)
/koʊˈɑpəˌreɪt/
[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they cooperate
he / she / it cooperates
past simple cooperated
-ing form cooperating
1- [intransitive] cooperate (with somebody) (in/on something) to work together with someone else in order to achieve something
*The two groups agreed to cooperate with each other.
2- [intransitive] cooperate (with somebody) (in/on something) to be helpful by doing what someone asks you to do
*Their captors told them they would be killed unless they cooperated.
(همکاری کردن,همیاری کردن، باهم کار کردن، همدستی کردن، تشریک مساعی کردن، اشتراک مساعی کردن، تعاون کردن)
ministry (noun)
/ˈmɪnəstri/
(pl. ministries)
1- the Ministry [singular] ministers of religion, especially Protestant ministers, when they are mentioned as a group
*He was an excellent candidate for the Baptist ministry.
2- [countable, usually singular] the work and duties of a minister in the church; the period of time spent working as a minister in the church.
3- [countable] (in some countries) a government department that has a particular area of responsibility
*the Ministry of Defense
*a ministry spokesperson
(وزارت)
practitioner (noun)
/prækˈtɪʃənər/
1- (technology) a person who works in a profession, especially medicine or law
*health care practitioners.
2- (formal) a person who regularly does a particular activity, especially one that requires skill
*one of the greatest practitioners of science fiction
(متخصص,وکیل دست به کار، وکیلی که کار اصلیش وکالت باشد، وکیل حرفه ای، شاغل مقام طبابت یا وکالت)
get rid of somebody/something
- to make yourself free of someone or something that is annoying you or that you do not want; to throw something away
*Try and get rid of your visitors before I get there.
*The problem is getting rid of nuclear waste.
reside (verb)
/rɪˈzaɪd/
[intransitive] + adv./prep. (formal)
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they reside
he / she / it resides
past simple resided
-ing form residing
—
resident ( people)
residence (Place)
residential (adjective)
-to live in a particular place
*He returned to the U.S. in 1939, having resided abroad for many years.
*Their passports do not give them the right to reside in the U.S.
(سکونت داشتن,ساکن بودن، مستقر بودن، اقامت داشتن، مسکن داشتن، مقیم شدن)
athlete (noun)
/ˈæθlit/
1- a person who competes in sports
*Olympic athletes
2- a person who is good at sports and physical exercise
*She is a natural athlete.
(ورزشکار، پهلوان، قهرمان ورزش؛ دو و میدانی کار)
oversee (verb)
/ˌoʊvərˈsi/
oversee somebody/something
[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they oversee
he / she / it oversees
past simple oversaw
past participle overseen
-ing form overseeing
- to watch someone or something and make sure that a job or an activity is done correctly
= supervise
*United Nations observers oversaw the elections.
(نظارت کردن, سرکشی کردن، مباشرت کردن، سرپرستی کردن)
administration (noun)
/ədˌmɪnəˈstreɪʃn/
1- (the) Administration [countable, singular] the government of a country under a particular leader
*the Obama administration
2- the administration [countable, singular] the people who plan, organize, and run a business, an institution, etc.
*the hospital/university administration
3- (informal admin) [uncountable] the activities that are done in order to plan, organize, and run a business, school, or other institution
*Administration costs are passed on to the customer.
4- [uncountable] the process or act of organizing the way that something is done
*the administration of justice
5-[uncountable] (formal) the act of giving a drug to someone
*the administration of antibiotics
(مدیریت، اداره,اداره امور یگانها، اداره کردن، اجرا کردن، اداره کل، حکومت، اجرا)
in charge (of something/someone)
(idiom)
- responsible for something or someone:
*Who’s in charge here?
*The teacher put me in charge of organizing the project.
rescue (verb)
/ˈrɛskyu/
[Verb Forms]
present simple I / you / we / they rescue
he / she / it rescues
past simple rescued
-ing form rescuing
—
rescuer (noun)
/ˈreskyuər/
- to save someone or something from a dangerous or harmful situation
*He rescued a child from drowning.
*The house was rescued from demolition.
plenty (pronoun)
/ˈplɛnti/
-plenty (of something) a large amount; as much or as many as you need
*plenty of eggs/money/time
relief (noun)
/rɪˈlif/
1- [uncountable, singular] the feeling of happiness that you have when something unpleasant stops or does not happen
*a sense of relief
2- [uncountable] relief (from/of something) the act of removing or reducing pain, anxiety, etc.
*modern methods of pain relief
3- [uncountable] food, money, medicine, etc. that is given to help people in places where there has been a war or natural disaster
= aid
*famine/disaster relief
4- [uncountable] financial help given by the government to people who need it
5- [uncountable]
= tax relief
*relief on mortgage interest payments
6- [uncountable, singular] something that is interesting or enjoyable that replaces something boring, difficult, or unpleasant for a short period of time
*a few moments of light relief in an otherwise dull performance
7- [countable] (often used as an adjective) a person or group of people that replaces another when they have finished working for the day or when they are sick
*The next crew relief comes on duty at 9 o’clock.
8- [singular] relief of… the act of freeing a town, etc. from an enemy army that has surrounded it
*the relief of Mafeking
9- [uncountable, countable] a way of decorating wood, stone, etc. by cutting designs into the surface of it so that some parts stick out more than others; a design that is made in this way
*The bronze doors are covered with sculpted reliefs.
10- [uncountable] the effect of colors, light, etc. that makes an object more noticeable than others around it
*The snow-capped mountain stood out in sharp relief against the blue sky.
11- [uncountable] the quality of a particular situation, problem, etc. that makes it more noticeable than before
*Their differences have been thrown into sharp relief by the present crisis.
empathy (noun)
/ˈɛmpəθi/
[uncountable]
—
empathetic (adjective)
/ˌɛmpəˈθɛt̮ɪk/ (also empathic /ɛmˈpæθɪk/ )
-the ability to understand another person’s feelings, experience, etc.
*the writer’s imaginative empathy with his subject.
(یکدلی، (هیپوتیزم و روانشناسی) انتقال فکر، تلقین، همدلی)
advocate (verb)
/ˈædvəˌkeɪt/
(formal)
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they advocate
he / she / it advocates
past simple advocated
-ing form advocating
-to support something publicly
* The group does not advocate the use of violence.
*Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behavior.
(حامی,دفاع کردن، طرفداری کردن، حامی، طرفدار، وکیل مدافع)
cerebral (adjective)
/səˈribrəl/
1- relating to the brain
*a cerebral hemorrhage
2- relating to the mind rather than the feelings
= intellectual
*His poetry is very cerebral.
(مخی، دماغی، مغزی، فکری)
cortex (noun)
/ˈkɔrtɛks/
(pl. cortices /ˈkɔrt̮əsiz/ ) (anatomy)
-the outer layer of an organ in the body, especially the brain
*the cerebral/renal cortex (= around the brain/ kidney)
(قشر مخ، پوست، قشر، لایه رویی، روپوش، پوسته)
inference (noun)
/ˈɪnfərəns/
1- [countable] something that you can find out indirectly from what you already know
= deduction
*to draw/make inferences from the data.
2- [uncountable] the act or process of forming an opinion, based on what you already know
*If he is guilty, then by inference, so is his wife (= it is logical to think so, from the same evidence).
(استنباط، استنتاج)
absorb (verb)
/əbˈsɔrb/ , /əbˈzɔrb/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they absorb ,
he / she / it absorbs ,
past simple absorbed ,
-ing form absorbing
1- to take in a liquid, gas, or other substance from the surface or space around
*Plants absorb oxygen.
2- [often passive] to make something smaller become part of something larger
* The country simply cannot absorb this influx of refugees.
3- absorb something to take something into the mind and learn or understand it
=take in
*It’s a lot of information to absorb all at once.
4- absorb somebody to interest someone very much so that they pay no attention to anything else
= engross
*This work had absorbed him for several years.
5- absorb something to take in and keep heat, light, energy, etc. instead of reflecting it
*Black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day.
6- absorb something to reduce the effect of a blow, hit, etc.
*This tennis racket absorbs shock on impact.
7- absorb something to use up a large supply of something, especially money or time
*The new proposals would absorb $80 billion of the federal budget.
8- absorb something to deal with changes, effects, costs, etc.
*The company is unable to absorb such huge losses.
(جذب کردن، درکشیدن، درآشامیدن، یاد گرفتن و فهمیدن، فراگرفتن,(غدد)، کاملا فروبردن، تحلیل بردن، مستغرق بودن، مجذوب شدن در)
propensity (noun)
/prəˈpɛnsət̮i/
(pl. propensities) (formal)
-a tendency to a particular kind of behavior
= inclination
* He showed a propensity for violence
(تمایل طبیعی، میل باطنی، رغبت)
superficial (adjective)
/ˌsupərˈfɪʃl/
—
superficiality (noun [uncountable])
/ˌsupərˌfɪʃiˈælət̮i/
—
superficially (adverb)
/ˌsupərˈfɪʃəli/
1- (often disapproving) not studying or looking at something thoroughly; seeing only what is obvious
*a superficial analysis
2- appearing to be true, real, or important until you look at it more carefully
*superficial differences/similarities
3- (of a wound or damage) only affecting the surface and therefore not serious
*a superficial injury
4- (disapproving) not concerned with anything serious or important and lacking any depth of understanding or feeling
= shallow
*a superficial friendship
5-(technology) of or on the surface of something
*superficial veins
(سطحی، ظاهری,صوری، سرسری، ظاهری)
subtle (adjective)
/ˈsʌt̮l/
(subtler, subtlest)
—
subtly (adverb0
/ˈsʌt̮l̩i/
1- (often approving) not very noticeable or obvious
*subtle colors/flavors/smells, etc.
2-(of a person or their behavior) behaving in a smart and skillful way, and using indirect methods, in order to achieve something
*I decided to try a more subtle approach.
3-organized in a smart and skillful way
*a subtle plan
4-good at noticing and understanding things
*The job required a subtle mind.
—
*Her version of events is subtly different from what actually happened.
sheer (adjective)
/ʃɪr/
1- [only before noun] used to emphasize the size, degree, or amount of something
*The area is under threat from the sheer number of tourists using it.
2- [only before noun] complete and not mixed with anything else
= utter
*The concert was sheer delight.
3- very steep
*sheer cliffs/slopes
4-(of cloth, etc.) thin, light, and almost transparent
*sheer nylon
(محض,صرف، خالص، تند، مطلق، به طور عمود، یک راست، پاک، به کلی)
