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Vocabulary > V11 > Flashcards

V11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Thanks for taking my call

A
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2
Q

astronaut (noun)
/ˈæstrəˌnɔt/
—
astronomy (noun)
/əˈstrɑnəmi/
[uncountable]

A
  • ## a person whose job involves traveling and working in a spacecraft.-the scientific study of the sun, moon, stars, planets, etc.
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3
Q

mission (noun)
/ˈmɪʃn/

A

1- [countable] an important official job that a person or group of people is given to do, especially when they are sent to another country
*a trade mission to China

2-[countable] a group of people doing an important official job; the place where they work
*the head of the U.S. mission in Spain

3- [countable, uncountable] the work of teaching people about Christianity, especially in a foreign country; a group of people doing such work
*a Catholic mission in Africa

4- [countable] a building or group of buildings used by a Christian mission.

5- [countable] particular work that you feel it is your duty to do
*Her mission in life was to work with the homeless.
= vocation (کار، شغل)

6- [countable] a flight into space
*a U.S. space mission

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4
Q

fascination (noun)
/ˌfæsəˈneɪʃn/

A

1- [countable, usually singular] a very strong attraction that makes something very interesting
*Water holds a fascination for most children.

2- [uncountable, singular] the state of being very attracted to and interested in someone or something
*The girls listened in fascination as the story unfolded.
(شیدایی، افسون، جذبه)

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5
Q

afterward (adverb)
/ˈæftərwərd/
(also afterwards /ˈæftərwərdz/

A
  • at a later time; after an event that has already been mentioned
    *She was sorry afterward for what she said.
    *Let’s go out now and eat afterward.
    (بعد از آن,پس از آن، سپس، بعدا)
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6
Q

impressive (adjective)
/ɪmˈprɛsɪv/
—
impressively (adverb)

A

-(of things or people) making you feel admiration, because they are very large, good, skillful, etc.
*an impressive building with a huge tower
*an impressive performance
&Opposite unimpressive
—
*impressively high
*an impressively detailed article

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7
Q

deck (noun)
/dɛk/

A

1- the top outside floor of a ship or boat
*I was the only person on deck at that time of night.

2- one of the floors of a ship, bus, plane, or sports stadium
*the upper/lower/main deck of a ship

3- (also deck of cards, pack) a complete set of 52 playing cards

4- a wooden floor that is built outside the back of a house where you can sit and relax.

5- a part of a sound system that records and/or plays sounds on a disk or tape
*a cassette/tape deck
(عرشه، ایوان)

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8
Q

intrigue (verb)
/ɪnˈtriɡ/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they intrigue
he / she / it intrigues
past simple intrigued
-ing form intriguing
—
intriguing (adjective)
/ɪnˈtriɡɪŋ/
—
intriguingly (adverb)

A

1- [transitive, often passive] intrigue somebody it intrigues somebody that… to make someone very interested so that they want to know more about something
*The idea intrigued her.

2- [intransitive] intrigue (with somebody) (against somebody) (formal) to secretly plan with other people to harm someone
(دسیسه کردن، توطئه چیدن، فریفتن)
—
-very interesting because of being unusual or not having an obvious answer
*These discoveries raise intriguing questions.
(مجذوب کننده)
—
*The book is intriguingly titled, “The Revenge of the Goldfish.”

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9
Q

extraordinary (adjective)
/ɪkˈstrɔrdnˌɛri/
—
extraordinarily (adverb)
/ɪkˌstrɔrdnˈɛrəli/

A

1- unexpected, surprising, or strange
= incredible
*It’s extraordinary that he managed to sleep through the party.

2- not normal or ordinary; greater or better than usual
*an extraordinary achievement

3- [only before noun] (formal) (of a meeting, etc.) arranged for a special purpose and happening in addition to what normally or regularly happens
*An extraordinary meeting was held to discuss the problem.

4- (following nouns) (technology) (of an official) employed for a special purpose in addition to the usual staff
*an envoy extraordinary
—-
*He behaves extraordinarily for someone in his position.
*extraordinarily difficult
(باور نکردنی، خارق العاده,فوق العاده، غیرعادی، شگفت آور)

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10
Q

particular (adjective)
/pərˈtɪkyələr/

A

1- [only before noun] used to emphasize that you are referring to one individual person, thing, or type of thing and not others
= specific (مشخص، با جزئیات)
*There is one particular patient I’d like you to see.

2- [only before noun] greater than usual; special
*We must pay particular attention to this point.

3- particular (about/over something) very definite about what you like and careful about what you choose
= fussy (داد وبیداد کن (برای چیزهای جزئی)، ایراد گیر)
*She’s very particular about her clothes.
(ویژه، خاص، بخصوص، منحصر بفرد)

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11
Q

culture shock

A
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12
Q

euphoria (noun)
/yuˈfɔriə/
[uncountable]
—
euphoric (adjective)
/yuˈfɔrɪk/ , /yuˈfɑrɪk/

A
  • an extremely strong feeling of happiness and excitement that usually lasts only a short time
    *I was in a state of euphoria all day.
    *Euphoria soon gave way to despair.
    (رضامندی، خوشی، خوشحالی، رضایت، مشاط)
    —
    *My euphoric mood could not last.
    *His parents were less than euphoric about the news of his engagement.
    (مسرور)
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13
Q

exotic (adjective)
/ɪɡˈzɑt̮ɪk/
—
exotically (adverb)
/ɪɡˈzɑt̮ɪkli/

A
  • from or in another country, especially a tropical one; seeming exciting and unusual because it is connected with foreign countries
    *brightly-colored exotic flowers/plants/birds
    *She travels to all kinds of exotic locations all over the world.
    (عجیب و غریب,بیگانه، مرموز)
    —
    *rainbows of exotically colored blooms
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14
Q

delight (noun)
/dɪˈlaɪt/

A

1- [uncountable] a feeling of great pleasure
= joy
*a feeling of sheer/pure delight.

2- [countable] something that gives you great pleasure
= joy
*This guitar is a delight to play.

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15
Q

honeymoons don’t last forever.

A
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16
Q

day-to-day realities of life

A
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17
Q

irritate (verb)
/ˈɪrəˌteɪt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they irritate
he / she / it irritates
past simple irritated
-ing form irritating
—
irritated (adjective)
/ˈɪrəˌteɪt̮əd/
irritated (at/by/with something)
—
irritating (adjective)
—
irritatingly (adverb)
—
irritation (noun [uncountable, countable])
/ˌɪrəˈteɪʃn/

A

1- irritate somebody to annoy someone, especially by something you continuously do or by something that continuously happens
*The way she puts on that accent really irritates me.

2- irritate something to make your skin or a part of your body sore or painful
*Some drugs can irritate the lining of the stomach.
—
-annoyed or angry
*She was getting more and more irritated at his comments.
—
*I found her extremely irritating.
—
*He noted, with some irritation, that the letter had not been sent.

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18
Q

rejection (noun [uncountable, countable])
/rɪˈdʒɛkʃn/

A

*Her proposal met with unanimous rejection.
*a rejection letter (= a letter in which you are told, for example, that you have not been accepted for a job)
*painful feelings of rejection.
(رد، عدم پذیرش,رد کردن، مردود سازی)

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19
Q

fed up (adjective)
[not before noun] (informal)

A

-bored or unhappy, especially with a situation that has continued for too long
*You look fed up. What’s the matter?
*fed up with somebody/something People are fed up with all these traffic jams.
*In the end, I just got fed up with his constant complaining.
*This noise has got to stop. I’m fed up with it.
*fed up with doing something/ I’m fed up with waiting for her.

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20
Q

add up (phrasal verb)
(informal)

A

1- (especially in negative sentences) to seem reasonable; to make sense
*His story just doesn’t add up.

2- (not used in the progressive tenses) to increase by small amounts until there is a large total
*When you’re feeding a family of six the bills soon add up.

3- to calculate the total of two or more numbers or amounts
*The waiter can’t add up the check.
*Add up all the money I owe you.

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21
Q

superior (adjective)
/səˈpɪriər/

A

1- superior (to somebody/something) better in quality than someone or something else; greater than someone or something else
*vastly superior
&Opposite inferior

2- superior (to somebody) higher in rank, importance, or position
*my superior officer

3- (disapproving) showing by your behavior that you think you are better than others
= arrogant
*a superior manner

4- (used especially in advertisements) of very good quality; better than other similar things
*superior lakefront condominiums
(ممتاز، برتر,عالی، رئیس، بالایی، بالاتر، مافوق، ارشد)

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22
Q

disillusionment (noun) = disenchantment
/ˌdɪsəˈluʒnmənt/
(also disillusion)
[uncountable, singular] disillusionment (with something)
—
disillusioned (adjective) = disenchanted
/ˌdɪsəˈluʒnd/
disillusioned (by/with somebody/something)
—
disillusion (verb)
/ˌdɪsəˈluʒn/
disillusion somebody
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they disillusion
he / she / it disillusions
past simple disillusioned
-ing form disillusioning

A
  • the state of being disillusioned
    = disenchantment
    *There is widespread disillusionment with the present government.
    *Disillusionment among young people is worrying for schools.
    (سرخوردگی)
    —
    -disappointed because the person you admired or the idea you believed to be good and true now seems without value
    = disenchanted
    *I soon became disillusioned with the job.
    —
    -to destroy someone’s belief in, or good opinion of, someone or something
    *I hate to disillusion you, but not everyone is as honest as you.
    (رهایی از شیفتگی، وارستگی از اغفال، بیداری از خواب و خیال، رفع اوهام)
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23
Q

superiority (noun) &Opposite inferiority
/səˌpɪriˈɔrət̮i/ , /səˌpɪriˈɑrət̮i/
[uncountable]
—
superior (noun) &Opposite inferior
/səˈpɪriər/

A

1- superiority (in something) superiority (to/over something/somebody) the state or quality of being better, more skillful, more powerful, greater, etc. than others
*the superiority of this operating system

2- behavior that shows that you think you are better than other people
an air of superiority
&Opposite inferiority
(ریاست، برتری، بزرگتری، ارشدیت، تفوق)
*Superiority phase
—
1- a person of higher rank, status, or position
*I’m going to complain to your superiors.
&Opposite inferior

2- used in titles for the head of a religious community
*Mother Superior
(ممتاز، برتر,عالی، رئیس، بالایی، بالاتر، مافوق، ارشد)

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24
Q

romanticize (verb)
/roʊˈmæntəˌsaɪz/
[transitive, intransitive] romanticize (something)
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they romanticize
he / she / it romanticizes
past simple romanticized
-ing form romanticizing

A
  • to make something seem more attractive or interesting than it really is
    *romanticizing the past
    *a romanticized picture of parenthood
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25
Q

adjust (verb)
/əˈdʒʌst/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they adjust
he / she / it adjusts
past simple adjusted
-ing form adjusting
—
adjustment (noun)
/əˈdʒʌstmənt/
[countable, uncountable]
—
readjust (verb)
/ˌriəˈdʒʌst/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they readjust
he / she / it readjusts
past simple readjusted
-ing form readjusting
—
readjustment (noun [countable, uncountable])

A

1- [transitive] to change something slightly to make it more suitable for a new set of conditions or to make it work better
*adjust something / Watch out for sharp turns and adjust your speed accordingly.

2- [intransitive, transitive] to get used to a new situation by changing the way you behave and/or think
= adapt
*They’ll be fine—they just need time to adjust.

3- [transitive] adjust something to move something slightly so that it looks neater or feels more comfortable
*He smoothed his hair and adjusted his tie.
(تطبیق دادن، سازگار کردن)
—
1-a small change made to something in order to correct or improve it
*I’ve made a few adjustments to the design.

2- a change in the way a person behaves or thinks
*She went through a period of emotional adjustment after her marriage broke up.
(انطباق، سازگاری)
—
1- [intransitive] to get used to a changed or new situation
*Children are highly adaptable—they just need time to readjust.

2- [transitive] readjust something to change or move something slightly
*She got out of the car and readjusted her dress.
—
*He has made a number of readjustments to his technique.
(سازگاری مجدد)

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26
Q

anticipate (verb)
/ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they anticipate
he / she / it anticipates
past simple anticipated
-ing form anticipating
—
anticipatory (adjective (formal))
/ænˈtɪsəpəˌtɔri/

A

1- to expect something
*anticipate something We don’t anticipate any major problems.
*Our anticipated arrival time is 8:30.

2- to see what might happen in the future and take action to prepare for it
*anticipate something / We need someone who can anticipate and respond to changes in the fashion industry.

3- anticipate (doing) something anticipate (something doing) something to think with pleasure and excitement about something that is going to happen
*We eagerly(مشتاقانه، ارزومندانه) anticipated the day we would finish school.

4- anticipate somebody (doing something) (formal) to do something before it can be done by someone else
= forestall
*When Scott reached the South Pole, he found that Amundsen had anticipated him.
(انتظار داشتن,پیش بینی کردن، پیشدستی کردن، جلوانداختن، پیش گرفتن بر، سبقت جستن بر)
—
*a fast anticipatory movement by the goaltender

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27
Q

punctual (adjective)
/ˈpʌŋktʃuəl/
—
punctuality (noun [uncountable])
/ˌpʌŋktʃuˈælət̮i/
—
punctually (adverb)
/ˈpʌŋktʃuəli/

A
  • happening or doing something at the arranged or correct time; not late
    *She has been reliable and punctual.
    —
    *He insists on regular attendance and punctuality.
    —
    *They always pay punctually.
    (وقت شناس,خوش قول، به موقع، ثابت در یک نقطه، نکته دار، معنی دار، نیشدار)
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28
Q

glance (verb)
/ɡlæns/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they glance
he / she / it glances
past simple glanced
-ing form glancing

A

1- [intransitive] + adv./prep. to look quickly at something or someone
*She glanced at her watch.

2- [intransitive] glance at/down/over/through something to read something quickly and not thoroughly
= scan
*I only had time to glance at the newspapers.
(نیم نگاهی انداختن, برانداز کردن، نظر اجمالی، مرور، نگاه مختصرکردن، نظر اجمالی کردن، اشاره کردن و رد شدن برق زدن، خراشیدن، به یک نظر دیدن)

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29
Q

panic (noun)
/ˈpænɪk/
[uncountable, countable, usually singular]

A

1- a sudden feeling of great fear that cannot be controlled and prevents you from thinking clearly
*a moment of panic

2- a situation in which people are made to feel very anxious, causing them to act quickly and without thinking carefully
*News of the losses caused (a) panic among investors.

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30
Q

frantic (adjective)
/ˈfræntɪk/
—
frantically (adverb)
/ˈfræntɪkli/

A

1- done quickly and with a lot of activity, but in a way that is not very well organized
= hectic
*a frantic dash/search/struggle

2- unable to control your emotions because you are extremely frightened or worried about something
= beside yourself (with something)
*frantic with worry
(بی عقل، اتشی، عصبانی، از کوره در رفته)
—
*They worked frantically to finish on time.
(دیوانه وار، باشدت خشم)

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31
Q

squint (verb)
/skwɪnt/
[intransitive, transitive]
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they squint
he / she / it squints
past simple squinted
-ing form squinting

A
  • to look at something with your eyes partly shut in order to keep out bright light or to see better
    *to squint into the sun
    *She was squinting through the keyhole.
    (لوچی، دوبینی، احولی، لوچ بودن، چپ نگاه کردن، نگاه با چشم نیم باز)
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32
Q

consistent (adjective)
/kənˈsɪstənt/
—
consistently (adverb)

A

1- (approving) always behaving in the same way, or having the same opinions, standards, etc.
*She’s not very consistent in the way she treats her children.

2- happening in the same way and continuing for a period of time
*the senator’s consistent failure to come up with any new policies

3- consistent with something in agreement with something; not contradicting something
*The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.

4- (of an argument or a set of ideas) having different parts that all agree with each other
*a well-thought-out and consistent argument
&Opposite inconsistent
—
*Her work has been consistently excellent.

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33
Q

inaccurate (adjective)
/ɪnˈækyərət/
—
inaccuracy ( noun [countable, uncountable] (pl. inaccuracies))
/ɪnˈækyərəsi/
—
inaccurately (adverb)

A
  • not exact or accurate; with mistakes
    *an inaccurate statement
    *inaccurate information
    &Opposite accurate
    (نادرست، اشتباه، غلط)
    —
    *The article is full of inaccuracies
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34
Q

shuffle (verb)
/ˈʃʌfl/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they shuffle
he / she / it shuffles
past simple shuffled
-ing form shuffling

A

1- [intransitive] + adv./prep. to walk slowly without lifting your feet completely off the ground
*He shuffled across the room to the window.

2- [transitive, intransitive] shuffle (something) to move from one foot to another; to move your feet in an awkward or embarrassed way
*Jenny shuffled her feet and blushed with shame.

3- [transitive, intransitive] shuffle (something) to mix cards up in a deck of playing cards before playing a game
*Shuffle the cards and deal out seven to each player.

4- [transitive] shuffle something to move paper or things into different positions or a different order
*I shuffled the documents on my desk.
(برزدن، بهم امیختن، بهم مخلوط کردن، این سو وان سو حرکت کردن، بیقرار بودن)

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35
Q

accompany (verb)
/əˈkʌmpəni/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they accompany
he / she / it accompanies
past simple accompanied
-ing form accompanying

A

1- accompany somebody (formal) to travel or go somewhere with someone
*His wife accompanied him on the trip.

2- accompany something to happen or appear with something else
*strong winds accompanied by heavy rain

3- accompany somebody (at/on something) to play a musical instrument, especially a piano, while someone else sings or plays the main tune
*The singer was accompanied on the piano by her sister.
(همراهی کردن، همراه بودن (با))

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36
Q

suffocate (verb)
/ˈsʌfəˌkeɪt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they suffocate
he / she / it suffocates
past simple suffocated
-ing form suffocating
—
suffocation (noun [uncountable])
/ˌsʌfəˈkeɪʃn/

A

1- [intransitive, transitive] to die because there is no air to breathe; to kill someone by not letting them breathe air
*Many dogs have suffocated in hot cars.

2- [intransitive] be suffocating if it is suffocating, it is very hot and there is little fresh air
*Can I open a window? It’s suffocating in here!
(خفه کردن، خاموش کردن)
—
*to die of suffocation

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37
Q

unbearable (adjective) = intolerable &Opposite bearable
/ʌnˈbɛrəbl/
—
unbearably (adverb)
/ʌnˈbɛrəbli/

A
  • too painful, annoying, or unpleasant to deal with or accept
    = intolerable
    *The heat was becoming unbearable.
    *unbearable pain
    *He’s been unbearable since he won that prize.
    &Opposite bearable
    (تحمل ناپذیر، غیر قابل تحمل، تاب ناپذیر)
    —
    *unbearably hot
    *He was so unbearably smug about winning.
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38
Q

drift (verb)
/drɪft/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they drift
he / she / it drifts
past simple drifted
-ing form drifting

A

1- [intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to move along smoothly and slowly in water or air
*Clouds drifted across the sky.

2- [intransitive] + adv./prep. to move or go somewhere slowly
*The crowd drifted away from the scene of the accident.

3- [intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to happen or change, or to do something without a particular plan or purpose
*I didn’t intend to be a teacher—I just drifted into it.

4- [intransitive] drift in/into something to go from one situation or state to another without realizing it
*Finally she drifted into sleep.

5- [intransitive] to be blown into large piles by the wind
*drifting sand

6- [transitive] + adv./prep. to make something float somewhere
*The logs are drifted downstream to the mill.
(کشیده شدن به …، بدون برنامه مشخصی پیش رفتن,رانش، رانه، انحراف از سمتی، انحراف گلوله، انحراف مسیر، سمبه، توده باد آورده، جسم شناور، برف باد آورده، معنی، مقصود، جریان آهسته، جمع شدن، توده شدن، بی اراده کار کردن، بی مقصد رفتن، دستخوش پیشامد بودن)

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39
Q

kick off (phrasal verb)

A

1-when a football or soccer game or a team, etc. kicks off, the game starts

2- kick off (with something) (informal) // to start
*What time shall we kick off?

3- to remove something by kicking
*to kick off your shoes

4- to start a discussion, a meeting, an event, etc.
= open

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40
Q

superb (adjective)
/sʊˈpərb/
(formal)
—
superbly (adverb)

A
  • excellent; of very good quality
    *a superb player
    *The car is in superb condition.
    —
    *a superbly illustrated book
    *She plays superbly.
    (عالی، فوق العاده, بسیار خوب، باشکوه، باوقار)
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41
Q

inspire (verb)
/ɪnˈspaɪər/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they inspire
he / she / it inspires
past simple inspired
-ing form inspiring
—
inspired (adjective)
/ɪnˈspaɪərd/

A

1- to give someone the desire, confidence, or enthusiasm to do something well
*The actors inspired the kids with their enthusiasm.

2- [usually passive] inspire something to give someone the idea for something, especially something artistic or that shows imagination
*The choice of decor was inspired by a trip to India.

3- to make someone have a particular feeling or emotion
*Her work didn’t exactly inspire me with confidence.
(ترغیب کردن، انگیزه بخشیدن,الهام بخشیدن، دمیدن، القاء کردن)
—
1- having excellent qualities or abilities; produced with the help of inspiration
*an inspired performance
&Opposite uninspired

2- -inspired used with nouns, adjectives and adverbs to form adjectives that show how something has been influenced
*politically-inspired killings
(الهام شده، ملهم)

42
Q

regenerate (verb)
/rɪˈdʒɛnəˌreɪt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they regenerate
he / she / it regenerates
past simple regenerated
-ing form regenerating
—
regeneration ( noun [uncountable])
/rɪˌdʒɛnəˈreɪʃn/
—
regenerative (adjective)
/rɪˈdʒɛnərət̮ɪv/ , /rɪˈdʒɛnəˌreɪt̮ɪv/

A

1- [transitive] regenerate something to make an area, institution, etc. develop and grow strong again
*The money will be used to regenerate the commercial heart of the town.

2- [intransitive, transitive] (biology) to grow again; to make something grow again
Once destroyed, brain cells do not regenerate.
*regenerate something/itself If the woodland is left alone, it will regenerate itself in a few years.
(باز زادن، باززاییدن، احیاء کردن، تهذیب کردن، زندگی تازه و روحانی یافته، دوباره خلق شدن یا کردن)
—
*economic regeneration
*the regeneration of cells in the body
—
*the regenerative powers of nature

43
Q

agriculture (noun)
/ˈæɡrəˌkʌltʃər/
[uncountable]
—
agricultural ( adjective)
/ˌæɡrəˈkʌltʃərəl/

A

-the science or practice of farming
*The number of people employed in agriculture has fallen in the last decade.
(کشاورزی,فلاحت، زراعت، برزگری)
—
*agricultural policy/land/production/development

44
Q

obsess (verb)
/əbˈsɛs/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they obsess
he / she / it obsesses
past simple obsessed
-ing form obsessing

A

1- [transitive, often passive] obsess somebody to completely fill your mind so that you cannot think of anything else, in a way that is not normal
*He’s obsessed by computers.

2- [intransitive] obsess (about something) to be always talking or worrying about a particular thing, especially when this annoys other people
*I think you should try to stop obsessing about food.
(وسواس فکری داشتن، مدام به چیزی فکر کردن,آزار کردن، ایجاد عقده روحی کردن)

45
Q

inevitable (adjective)
/ɪnˈɛvət̮əbl/
—
inevitability ( noun [uncountable, singular])
/ɪnˌɛvət̮əˈbɪlət̮i/

A

1- that you cannot avoid or prevent
= unavoidable
*It was an inevitable consequence of the decision

2- [only before noun] (often humorous) so frequent that you always expect it
*toddlers and their inevitable tantrums

3- the inevitable noun [singular] something that is certain to happen
*You have to accept the inevitable.
(اجتناب ناپذیر,ناچار، نا گزیر، چاره ناپذیر، غیر قابل امتناع، حتما، حتمی الوقوع، بدیهی)
—
*the inevitability of death
*There was an inevitability about their defeat.

46
Q

awkward (adjective)
/ˈɔkwərd/
—
awkwardly (adverb)
—
awkwardness (noun [uncountable])

A

1- making you feel embarrassed
*There was an awkward silence.

2- difficult to deal with
= difficult
*Don’t ask awkward questions.

3- not convenient
=inconvenient (نامناسب، مشکل ساز، ناراحت، ناجور)
*Have I come at an awkward time?

4- difficult or dangerous because of its shape or design
*This box is very awkward for one person to carry.

5-not moving in an easy way; not comfortable
*He tried to dance, but he was too clumsy and awkward.
—
*“I’m sorry,” he said awkwardly.
—
*She laughed to cover up her feelings of awkwardness.

47
Q

float (verb)
/floʊt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they float
he / she / it floats
past simple floated
-ing form floating
—
float (noun)
/floʊt/

A

1- [intransitive] + adv./prep. to move slowly on water or in the air
=drift
*A group of swans floated by.

2- [intransitive] to stay on or near the surface of a liquid and not sink
*Wood floats.

3- [transitive] to make something move on or near the surface of a liquid
* There wasn’t enough water to float the ship.

4- [intransitive] + adv./prep. (literary) to walk or move in a smooth and easy way
= glide
*She floated down the steps to greet us.

5- [transitive] float something to suggest an idea or a plan for other people to consider
*They floated the idea of increasing taxes on alcohol.

6- [transitive] float something (business) to sell shares in a company or business to the public for the first time
*The company was floated on the stock market in 2007.

1- a large vehicle on which people dressed in special costumes are carried in a parade
*a carnival float

2- a small light object attached to a fishing line that stays on the surface of the water and moves when a fish has been caught
*float fishing

3- a light object that floats in the water and is held by a person who is learning to *swim to stop them from sinking

4- a drink with ice cream floating in it
*a root beer float

5- = flotation

48
Q

landfill (noun)
/ˈlændfɪl/

A

1- [countable, uncountable] an area of land where large amounts of waste material are buried under the earth
*The map shows the position of the new landfills.

2- [uncountable] the process of burying large amounts of waste material
*the choice of landfill or incineration

3- [uncountable] waste material that will be buried
(محل دفن زباله)

49
Q

rot (verb)
/rɑt/
[intransitive, transitive]
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they rot
he / she / it rots
past simple rotted
-ing form rotting
—
rotten (adjective)
/ˈrɑtn/
—
rottenness (noun [uncountable])

A

1- to decay(تجزیه، پوسیدگی، فساد، زوال، خرابی), or make something decay, naturally and gradually
= decompose (تجزیه شدن، از هم پاشیدن)
*rotting leaves

2-(figurative)
*prisoners thrown in jail and left to rot
(پوسیدن، ضایع شدن، فاسد کردن)
—
1-(of food, wood, etc.) that has decayed and cannot be eaten or used
*the smell of rotten vegetables

2-[usually before noun] (informal) very bad
= terrible
*I’ve had a rotten day!

3- [usually before noun] (informal) dishonest
*The organization is rotten to the core.

4-[not before noun] (informal) looking or feeling sick
*She felt rotten.

5-[not before noun] (informal) feeling guilty about something you have done
*I feel rotten about leaving them behind.

6-[only before noun] (informal) used to emphasize that you are angry or upset about something
*You can keep your rotten money!

50
Q

truckload (noun)
/ˈtrʌkloʊd/
truckload (of somebody/something)

A
  • the amount of someone or something that fills a truck (often used to express the fact that an amount is large)
    *a truckload of soldiers
    *The first truckloads of food arrived at the refugee camp today.
51
Q

arbitrary (adjective)
/ˈɑrbəˌtrɛri/
—
arbitrarily
/ˌɑrbəˈtrɛrəli/ (adverb)
—
arbitrariness (noun [uncountable])
/ˈɑrbəˌtrɛrinəs/

A

1- (of an action, a decision, a rule, etc.) not seeming to be based on a reason, system, or plan and sometimes seeming unfair
*The choice of players for the team seemed completely arbitrary.

2- (formal) using power without restriction and without considering other people
*the arbitrary powers of officials
(مستبدانه,استبدادی، دل بخواهی، دل بخواه، ارادی، اختیاری، دلخواه، مطلق)
—
*The leaders of the groups were chosen arbitrarily.
—
*Court officials were suspected of arbitrariness and personal bias(تعصب,سو گیری).

52
Q

expiration (noun)
/ˌɛkspəˈreɪʃn/
[uncountable]
—
expire (verb) = run out
/ɪkˈspaɪər/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they expire
he / she / it expires
past simple expired
-ing form expiring
—
expired (adjective)

A
  • an ending of the period of time when an official document can be used, or when an agreement is valid
    *the expiration of a fixed-term contract
    *The license can be renewed on expiration.
    —
    *an expired passport
53
Q

ridiculous (adjective)
/rɪˈdɪkyələs/
—
ridiculously (adverb)
—
ridiculousness (noun [uncountable])

A
  • very silly or unreasonable
    = absurd, ludicrous
    *I look ridiculous in this hat.
    —
    *The meal was ridiculously expensive.
    —
    *The ridiculousness of the situation made us laugh.
54
Q

aviation (noun)
/ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn/
[uncountable]

A
  • the designing, building, and flying of aircraft
    *civil/military aviation
    *the aviation business/industry
    (هوایی، هواپیمایی، هوانوردی)
55
Q

dwarf (noun)
/dwɔrf/
(pl. dwarfs or dwarves /dwɔrvz/

A

1- (in stories) a creature like a small man, who has magic powers and who is usually described as living and working under the ground, especially working with metal

2- (sometimes offensive) an extremely small person, who will never grow to a normal size because of a physical problem; a person suffering from dwarfism
(قدکوتاه، کوتوله شدن، کوتاه جلوه دادن)

56
Q

dumb (adjective)
/dʌm/
(dumber, dumbest)
—
dumbly ( adverb)
—
dumbness (noun [uncountable])

A

1- (informal) stupid
*That was a pretty dumb thing to do.

2- temporarily not speaking or refusing to speak
*We were all struck dumb with amazement.

3- unable to speak
*She was born deaf and dumb.
—
*“Are you all right?” Laura nodded dumbly.

57
Q

infrastructure (noun)
/ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃər/
[countable, uncountable]
—
infrastructural (adjective [usually before noun])
/ˌɪnfrəˈstrʌktʃərəl/

A

-the basic systems and services that are necessary for a country or an organization to run smoothly, for example buildings, transportation, and water and power supplies.
(پیدایش، سازمان، زیر سازی، زیربنا)
—
*infrastructural development

58
Q

supply chain (noun)

[usually singular] (business)

A

-the series of processes involved in the production and supply of goods, from when they are first made, grown, etc. until they are bought or used
(زنجیره تامین)

59
Q

dedicate (verb) = devote
/ˈdɛdəˌkeɪt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they dedicate
he / she / it dedicates
past simple dedicated
-ing form dedicating

A

1- to give a lot of your time and effort to a particular activity or purpose because you think it is important
= devote (وقف کردن، اختصاص دادن، فدا کردن)
* She dedicates herself to her work.

2- dedicate something to somebody to say at the beginning of a book, a piece of music, or a performance that you are doing it for someone, as a way of thanking them or showing respect
*This book is dedicated to my parents.

3- to hold an official ceremony to say that a building or an object has a special purpose or is special to the memory of a particular person
*The chapel(کلیسای کوچک) was dedicated in 1880.
(وقف کردن، اهدا کردن، اختصاص دادن، پیشکش کردن)

60
Q

prevent (verb)
/prɪˈvɛnt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they prevent
he / she / it prevents
past simple prevented
-ing form preventing
—
preventable ( adjective)
/prɪˈvɛntəbl/

A
  • to stop someone from doing something; to stop something from happening
    *The accident could have been prevented.
    *The government took steps to prevent a scandal.
    (ممانعت کردن,جلوگیری کردن، پیش گیری کردن، باز داشتن، مانع شدن)
    —
    *preventable diseases/accidents
61
Q

bang for the buck
(idiom)

A

-value in return for your money:
*They’re very careful when they spend money, and they’re going to insist on getting the most bang for their buck.

62
Q

donate (verb)
/ˈdoʊneɪt/ , /doʊˈneɪt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they donate
he / she / it donates
past simple donated
-ing form donating
—
donation (noun)
/doʊˈneɪʃn/
[countable, uncountable]

A

1- donate something (to somebody/something) to give money, food, clothes, etc. to someone or something, especially a charity
*He donated thousands of dollars to charity.

2- donate something (to somebody/something) to allow doctors to remove blood or a body organ in order to help someone who needs it
*All donated blood is tested for HIV and other infections.
(اهدا کردن، اعانه دادن,بخشیدن، هبه کردن، هدیه دادن، اهداء کردن)
—
-something that is given to a person or an organization such as a charity, in order to help them; the act of giving something in this way
*donation (to somebody/something) to make a donation to charity
*a generous/large/small donation
(بخشش، دهش، اهداء)

63
Q

compost (verb)
/ˈkɑmpoʊst/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they compost
he / she / it composts
past simple composted
-ing form composting
—
compost (noun)
/ˈkɑmpoʊst/
[uncountable, countable]

A

1- compost something to make something into compost
*Cover the area with composted bark or peat.

2- compost something to put compost on or in something
(کود,مواد مقوی نباتات، کود دادن، مخلوط)
—
-a mixture of decayed plants, food, etc. that can be added to soil to help plants grow

64
Q

otherwise (adverb)
/ˈʌðərˌwaɪz/

A

1- used to state what the result would be if something did not happen or if the situation were different
*My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn’t have afforded the trip.

2- apart from that
*There was some music playing upstairs. Otherwise the house was silent.

3- in a different way to the way mentioned; differently
*Bismarck, otherwise known as “the Iron Chancellor”
(در غیر اینصورت,طور دیگر، وگر نه، والا، در غیر این صورت)

65
Q

revenue (noun)
/ˈrɛvəˌnu/
[uncountable]
(also revenues)

A
  • the money that a government receives from taxes or that an organization, etc. receives from its business
    = receipts (رسید، قبض)
    *a shortfall in tax revenue
    *Advertising revenue finances the commercial television channels.
    (درآمد,عایدی، منافع، بازده، سود سهام)
66
Q

wildfire (noun)
/ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər/
[uncountable]

A

-a fire that spreads quickly over a large area and is difficult to control

67
Q

massive (adjective)
/ˈmæsɪv/
—
massively (adverb)

A

1-very large, heavy, and solid
*a massive rock

2-extremely large or serious
*The explosion made a massive hole in the ground.
(عظیم، غول پیکر)

68
Q

sustainable (adjective)
/səˈsteɪnəbl/
—
sustainability (noun [uncountable])
/səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlət̮i/
—
sustainably ( adverb)
/səˈsteɪnəbli/

A

1- involving the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environment
*sustainable forest management

2- that can continue or be continued for a long time
*sustainable economic growth
&Opposite unsustainable
(پایدار,قابل تحمل، تاب آوردنی)

69
Q

enormous (adjective) = huge, immense
/ɪˈnɔrməs/

A
  • extremely large
    = huge, immense (بی نهایت,بی اندازه)
    *an enormous house/dog
    *an enormous amount of time
    (فراوان، بزرگ، هنگفت، عظیم)
70
Q

one third= 1/3

A
71
Q

barely (adverb)
/ˈbɛrli/

A

1- in a way that is just possible but only with difficulty
*He could barely read and write.

2- in a way that almost does not happen or exist
*She barely acknowledged his presence.

3- just; certainly not more than (a particular amount, age, time, etc.)
*Barely 50% of the population voted.

4- only a very short time before
*I had barely started speaking when he interrupted me.
(به سختی، به زور)

72
Q

needle (verb)
/ˈnidl/
needle somebody (informal)
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they needle
he / she / it needles
past simple needled
-ing form needling
—
needle (noun)
/ˈnidl/
[countable]

A

-to deliberately annoy someone, especially by criticizing them continuously
= antagonize (مخالف کردن، دشمن کردن)
*Don’t let her needle you.
—
(سوزن,سوزن سرنگ و گرامافون و غیره، سوزن دوزی کردن، با سوزن تزریق کردن، طعنه زدن، اذیت کردن)

73
Q

sector (noun)
/ˈsɛktər/

A

1- a part of an area of activity, especially of a country’s economy
*the manufacturing sector

2-a part of a particular area, especially an area under military control
*each sector of the war zone

3-(geometry) a part of a circle lying between two straight lines drawn from the center to the edge
(بخش,منطقه عمل، منطقه مسئولیت، منطقه واگذاری، منطقه ماموریت، قطاع دایره، قسمتی از جبهه)

74
Q

commensurate (adjective)
/kəˈmɛnsərət/
commensurate (with something) (formal)
—
commensurately (adverb)

A
  • matching something in size, importance, quality, etc.
    Salary will be commensurate with experience.
    &Opposite incommensurate
    (متناسب)
75
Q

incentive (noun)
/ɪnˈsɛntɪv/
[countable, uncountable] incentive (for/to somebody/something) (to do something)

A
  • something that encourages you to do something
    *tax incentives to encourage savings
    *There is no incentive for people to save fuel.
    &Opposite disincentive
    (مشوق,محرک، انگیزه، فتنه انگیز، آتش افروز، موجب، مشوق)
76
Q

policy (noun)
/ˈpɑləsi/
(pl. policies)

A

1- [countable, uncountable] policy (on something) a plan of action agreed or chosen by a political party, a business, etc.
*the present government’s policy on education

2- [countable, uncountable] (formal) a principle that you believe in that influences how you behave; a way in which you usually behave
*She is following her usual policy of ignoring all offers of help.

3-[countable] a written statement of a contract of insurance
*Check the terms of the policy before you sign.
(خط مشی,مسلک، رویه، سیاست، سیاستمداری، مصلحت اندیشی، کاردانی، بیمه نامه، ورقه بیمه، سند معلق به انجام شرطی، اداره یا حکومت کردن)

77
Q

restrict (verb)
/rɪˈstrɪkt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they restrict
he / she / it restricts
past simple restricted
-ing form restricting
—
restricted (adjective)
/rɪˈstrɪktəd/

A

1- to limit the size, amount, or range of something
*restrict something to something Speed is restricted to 30 mph in towns.

2- restrict something to stop someone or something from moving or acting freely
= impede
*The long skirt restricted her movements.

3- restrict something (to somebody) to control something with rules or laws
*Access to the club is restricted to members only.

4- restrict yourself/somebody (to something/to doing something) to allow yourself or someone to have only a limited amount of something or to do only a particular kind of activity
*I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day.
(محدود کردن,منحصر کردن، بازداشت کردن، ممنوع کردن، بازداشت)
—
1- limited or small in size or amount
*a restricted space

2- limited in what you are able to do
*In those days women led fairly restricted lives.

3- controlled by rules or laws
*to allow children only restricted access to the Internet

4- [usually before noun] (of a place) only open to people with special permission, especially because it is secret or dangerous
*to enter a restricted zone
&Opposite unrestricted

78
Q

bumper (noun)
/ˈbʌmpər/

A
  • a bar attached to the front and back of a car, etc. to reduce the effect if it hits anything
    *The cars were bumper to bumper on the road to the coast (= so close that their bumpers were almost touching).
    ( سپراتومبیل)
79
Q

numb (adjective)
/nʌm/
—
numbly (adverb)
—
numbness (noun [uncountable])

A

1- if a part of your body is numb, you cannot feel anything in it, for example because of cold
*to be/go numb
*numb with cold

2- unable to feel, think, or react in the normal way
*He felt numb with shock.
(کرخ، بیحس یا کرخت کردن)
—
*Her life would never be the same again, she realized numbly.
—
*pain and numbness in my fingers

80
Q

Overby (adverb)

A

-a little way over : at a short distance
our neighbors overby

81
Q

legit (adjective)
/lɪˈdʒɪt/
(informal)

A
  • legal, or acting according to the law or the rules
    *The business seems legit.
82
Q

leftover (noun)
/ˈlɛftˌoʊvər/
—
leftover (adjective [only before noun])

A

1- [usually plural] food that has not been eaten at the end of a meal

2- an object, a custom, or a way of behaving that remains from an earlier time
= relic (اثر)
*He’s a leftover from the hippies in the 1960s.
—
= surplus (مازاد، اضافی)
*Use any leftover turkey to make soup.

83
Q

veggie (noun)
/ˈvɛdʒi/
(informal)
—
veggie (adjective)

A

1- = vegetable
2-= vegetarian
*He’s a veggie now (= become a vegetarian).

84
Q

whip up (phrasal verb)

whip somebody/something—up

A

1- to deliberately (عمدا) try and make people excited or feel strongly about something
= rouse (رم دادن، از خواب بیدار شدن، حرکت دادن، بهم زدن، بهیجان در اوردن، میگساری، بیداری)
*The advertisements were designed to whip up public opinion.

2- to quickly make a meal or something to eat
*She whipped up a delicious lunch for us in 15 minutes.

85
Q

stir (verb)
/stər/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they stir
he / she / it stirs
past simple stirred
-ing form stirring
—
stir (noun)
/stər/

A

1- [transitive] to move a liquid or substance around, using a spoon or something similar, in order to mix it thoroughly
*stir something/ She stirred her tea.

2- [intransitive, transitive] to move, or to make something move, slightly
*She heard the baby stir in the next room.

3- [intransitive, transitive] to move, or to make someone move, in order to do something
*You haven’t stirred from that chair all evening!

4- [transitive] stir somebody (to something) to make someone excited or make them feel something strongly
*a book that really stirs the imagination

5- [intransitive] (of a feeling or a mood) to begin to be felt
*A feeling of guilt began to stir in her.
(هم زدن,فعالیت، جم خوردن، تکان دادن، به جنبش درآوردن، حرکت دادن، بهم زدن، بجوش آوردن، تحریک کردن یا شدن)
—
1- [singular] excitement, anger, or shock that is felt by a number of people
=commotion
*Her resignation caused quite a stir.

2- [countable, usually singular] the action of stirring something
*Could you give the rice a stir?

86
Q

restock (verb)
/ˌriˈstɑk/
[transitive, intransitive] restock (something) (with something)
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they restock
he / she / it restocks
past simple restocked
-ing form restocking

A
  • to fill something with new or different things to replace those that have been used, sold, etc.; to get a new supply of something
87
Q

guesstimate (noun)
(also guestimate)
/ˈɡɛstəmət/
(informal)

A

-an attempt to calculate something that is based more on guessing than on information
(حدس زدن، (بدون داشتن اطلاعات کافی) تخمین زدن)

88
Q

shattering (adjective)
/ˈʃæt̮ərɪŋ/
—
shatteringly (adverb)

A

1- very shocking and upsetting
*a shattering experience

2- very loud
= deafening (کر کننده)
*a shattering crash of thunder

89
Q

tackle (verb)
/ˈtækl/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they tackle
he / she / it tackles
past simple tackled
-ing form tackling

A

1- [transitive] tackle somebody to deal with someone who is violent or threatening you by grabbing them and gaining control over them
*He tackled a masked intruder at his home.

2- [intransitive, transitive] tackle (somebody) (in football) to make an opponent fall to the ground in order to stop them from running

3-[transitive, intransitive] tackle (somebody) (in soccer or hockey) to try and take the ball from an opponent
*He was tackled just outside the penalty area.

4-[transitive] tackle something to make a determined effort to deal with a difficult problem or situation
*The administration is determined to tackle inflation.

5- [transitive] tackle somebody (about something) to speak to someone about a problem or difficult situation
= confront
*I tackled him about the money he owed me.
((به مشکلات) پرداختن,تکل کردن، درگیری، قرقره قلاب، چنگک، لوازم کار، طناب و قرقره، گلاویز شدن، نگاه داشتن، از عهده برآمدن، دارای اسباب و لوازم کردن، به عهده گرفتن، افسار کردن)

90
Q

low-hanging fruit

A

1- the fruit that grows low on a tree and is therefore easy to reach

2- a course of action that can be undertaken quickly and easily as part of a wider range of changes or solutions to a problem
*first pick the low-hanging fruit

3- a suitable company to buy as a straightforward investment opportunity

91
Q

deficit (noun)
/ˈdɛfəsət/

A

1- (economics) the amount by which money spent or owed is greater than money earned in a particular period of time
*a budget/trade deficit

2- the amount by which something, especially an amount of money, is too small or smaller than something else
*There’s a deficit of $3 million in the total needed to complete the project.
(کسری بودجه,کسر موازنه، مازاد بدهی بر موجودی، کسری، کمبود، کسر عمل، کسر درآمد)

92
Q

recreational (adjective)
/ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃənl/
—
recreation (noun)
/ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃn/

A
  • connected with activities that people do for enjoyment when they are not working
    *recreational activities/facilities
    *These areas are set aside for public recreational use.
    (روحیه و رفاه، سرگرمی (تفریح)، خلق مجدد، تفریح، سرگرمی)
    —
    1- [uncountable] the fact of people doing things for enjoyment, when they are not working
    *the need to improve facilities for leisure and recreation

2- [countable] a particular activity that someone does when they are not working
= hobby, pastime
*His recreations include golf, football, and fishing.

93
Q

beforehand (adverb)
/bɪˈfɔrhænd/

A
  • earlier; before something else happens or is done
    *two weeks/three days/a few hours beforehand
    *I wish we’d known about it beforehand.
    *He warned me beforehand what to expect.
    (از قبل، پیشاپیش، پیش، جلو، قبلا، آماده، راحت، مقدم بر)
94
Q

inclusion (noun)
/ɪnˈkluʒn/

A

1- [uncountable] the fact of including someone or something; the fact of being included
*His inclusion on the team is in doubt.

2- [countable] a person or thing that is included
There were some surprising inclusions on the list.
&Opposite exclusion
(درج، گنجاندن، مشارکت,گنجایش، دربرداری، دخول، شمول)

95
Q

participant (noun)
/pɑrˈtɪsəpənt/
participant (in something)

A
  • a person who is taking part in an activity or event
    *He has been an active participant in the discussion.
96
Q

uncertainly (adverb) = hesitantly
/ʌnˈsərtnli/

A
  • without confidence
    = hesitantly
    *They smiled uncertainly at one another.
97
Q

omit (verb)
/oʊˈmɪt/ , /əˈmɪt/
(formal)
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they omit
he / she / it omits
past simple omitted
-ing form omitting

A

1- to not include something or someone, either deliberately or because you have forgotten it/them
= leave somebody/something out (of something)
*omit something/somebody If you are a student, you can omit questions 16–18.

2- omit to do something to not do or fail to do something
*She omitted to mention that they were staying the night.
(حذف کردن، از قلم انداختن)

98
Q

handout (noun)
/ˈhændaʊt/

A

1- (sometimes disapproving) food, money, or clothes that are given to a person who is poor
*to be dependent on handouts

2- (often disapproving) money that is given to a person or an organization by the government, etc., for example to encourage commercial activity.

3- a free document that gives information about an event or a matter of public interest, or that states the views of a political party, etc.

4- a document that is given to students in class and that contains a summary of the lesson, a set of exercises, etc.

99
Q

consolidate (verb)
/kənˈsɑləˌdeɪt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they consolidate
he / she / it consolidates
past simple consolidated
-ing form consolidating
—
consolidation (noun [uncountable])
/kənˌsɑləˈdeɪʃn/

A

1- [transitive, intransitive] consolidate (something) to make a position of power or success stronger so that it is more likely to continue
*With this new movie he has consolidated his position as the country’s leading director.

2- [transitive, intransitive] consolidate (something) (finance) to join things together into one; to be joined into one
*All the debts have been consolidated.
(ادغام کردن,محکم کردن، یکی کردن، یک رقم کردن)
—
*the consolidation of power
*the consolidation of Japan’s banking industry

100
Q

retrieval (noun)
/rɪˈtrivl/
[uncountable]

A

1- (formal) the process of getting something back, especially from a place where it should not be
=recovery
*The ship was buried, beyond retrieval, at the bottom of the sea.

2- (computing) the process of getting back information that is stored on a computer
*methods of information retrieval
(بازیابی)

Vocabulary (18 decks)

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