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Biomed > urinary > Flashcards

urinary Flashcards

1
Q

the urinary system is involved in the regulation of what?

A

blood glucose levels
electrolyte balance
pH of blood

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2
Q

how is the kidneys involved in maintaining normal body fluid composition and pH?

A

by adjusting composition of the urine produced

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3
Q

how is the kidneys involved in the regulation of red blood cell production.

A

produces the hormone erythropoietin

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4
Q

how is the kidneys involved in blood-pressure regulation?

A
  • altering the volume of urine produced
  • producing the enzyme renin, which catalyzes the production of angiotensin I.
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5
Q

how is the kidneys involved in the absorption of calcium from the digestive tract?

A

activate vitamin D

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6
Q

Describe the composition of glomerular filtrate

A

Like plasma but lacking larger protein molecules

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7
Q

fill in the blank
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole and/or vasodilation of the efferent arteriole will cause a(n) __________ in glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

A

decrease

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8
Q

Why is there a greater amount of filtration occurring at glomeruli compared to other capillary beds of the body?

A

Glomeruli have a higher hydrostatic pressure.

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9
Q

what substances are reabsorbed from filtrate

A

water
glucose
HCO3-
Na+
amino acids

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10
Q

what substances are secreted into filtrate

A

NH4+
H+
drugs

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11
Q

fill in the blank
Water reabsorption from the proximal convoluted tubule is closely linked to the active reabsorption of __________.

A

sodium ions

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12
Q

When the urinary bladder becomes stretched, there is an increase in the frequency of action potentials traveling from where to where?

A

The urinary bladder to the sacral region of the spinal cord

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13
Q

In response to activation of the micturition reflex, __________ stimulate the smooth muscle of the urinary bladder to contract.

A

parasympathetic neurons

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14
Q

When urination is desired, decreased action potentials along which nerve pathway cause relaxation of the external urinary (urethral) sphincter?

A

Somatic motor neurons from the spinal cord

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15
Q

In order for urination to occur, the _______ must relax, and the ________ must contract.

A
  1. urethral sphincters
  2. detrusor muscle
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16
Q

which part of the nephron filters fluids and solutes from plasma

A

glomerulus

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17
Q

which part of the nephron receives plasma filtrate

A

glomerular capsule

18
Q

which part of the nephron reabsorbs nutrients, glucose, various ions, and water

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

19
Q

which part of the nephron reabsorbs of only water

A

Descending limb of nephron loop

20
Q

which part of the nephron does selective reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions

A

Ascending limb of nephron loop

21
Q

which part of the nephron reabsorbs sodium and water and secretes of hydrogen and potassium ions

A

distal convoluted tubule

22
Q

what’s the definition of homeostasis

A

the maintenance of a stable internal environment. The function of the kidneys is important in maintaining the internal environment.

23
Q

As water volume in the blood decreases and the osmolarity increases, the hormone _______ is released, causing the kidneys to retain water.

A

ADH

24
Q

what is the role of aldosterone when sodium levels are decreased

A

It causes an increase in sodium reabsorption by the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.

25
Q

As blood pH decreases, the secretion of _______ by the renal tubules increases, producing a more acidic urine.

A

hydrogen ions

26
Q

the kidneys are able to handle each component independently. Those that are too abundant in the blood are _______, and those whose levels are dropping are _______

A
  1. excreted
  2. reabsorbed
27
Q

The descending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to ________ which will _______ the renal tubule.

A
  1. water
  2. leave
28
Q

The ascending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to ______ which will _______ the renal tubule.

A
  1. salts
  2. leave
29
Q

What are the components of a nephron?

A

renal corpuscle
renal tubule

29
Q

is the external urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control

A

voluntary

30
Q

The major regions of the kidney are the outer region called the __________ and the inner region called the __________.

A

cortex
medulla

31
Q

Water and sodium ions are reabsorbed from the proximal tubule in a process that results in a(n) __________ in tubular fluid volume that is __________ to plasma.

A

decrease
isotonic

32
Q

Stimulation by __________ motor impulses causes the detrusor muscle to contract rhythmically.

A

parasympathetic

33
Q

what does GFR depend on

A

pressure in the afferent arterioles

34
Q

Which of the following is NOT a stage of urine formation?
Glomerular filtration
Tubular secretion
Glomerular secretion
Tubular reabsorption

A

Glomerular secretion

35
Q

Lasix is a diuretic that blocks the reabsorption of sodium in the ascending limb of the nephron loop. What would be the result of giving lasix?

A

Increased urine output

36
Q

What determines the composition of urine?

A

The ratio of water and solutes eliminated to maintain internal environment

37
Q

An increase in the amount of protein in the diet would lead to an increased concentration of which of the following in the urine?

A

urea

38
Q

When there is an excess of water in body fluid, ADH secretion __________.

A

decreases

39
Q

structures and characteristics of the renal medulla

A

medulla
nephron loops
collecting ducts
site of reabsorption
site of secretion

40
Q

structures and characteristics of the renal cortex

A

cortex
renal corpuscle
PCT
DCT
collecting ducts
nephron loops
site of filtration
site of reabsorption
site of secretion

Biomed (57 decks)

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