urinary

Question 1

the urinary system is involved in the regulation of what?

Answer 1

blood glucose levels
electrolyte balance
pH of blood

Question 2

how is the kidneys involved in maintaining normal body fluid composition and pH?

Answer 2

by adjusting composition of the urine produced

Question 3

how is the kidneys involved in the regulation of red blood cell production.

Answer 3

produces the hormone erythropoietin

Question 4

how is the kidneys involved in blood-pressure regulation?

Answer 4

• altering the volume of urine produced
• producing the enzyme renin, which catalyzes the production of angiotensin I.

Question 5

how is the kidneys involved in the absorption of calcium from the digestive tract?

Answer 5

activate vitamin D

Question 6

Describe the composition of glomerular filtrate

Answer 6

Like plasma but lacking larger protein molecules

Question 7

fill in the blank
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole and/or vasodilation of the efferent arteriole will cause a(n) __________ in glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Answer 7

decrease

Question 8

Why is there a greater amount of filtration occurring at glomeruli compared to other capillary beds of the body?

Answer 8

Glomeruli have a higher hydrostatic pressure.

Question 9

what substances are reabsorbed from filtrate

Answer 9

water
glucose
HCO3-
Na+
amino acids

Question 10

what substances are secreted into filtrate

Answer 10

NH4+
H+
drugs

Question 11

fill in the blank
Water reabsorption from the proximal convoluted tubule is closely linked to the active reabsorption of __________.

Answer 11

sodium ions

Question 12

When the urinary bladder becomes stretched, there is an increase in the frequency of action potentials traveling from where to where?

Answer 12

The urinary bladder to the sacral region of the spinal cord

Question 13

In response to activation of the micturition reflex, __________ stimulate the smooth muscle of the urinary bladder to contract.

Answer 13

parasympathetic neurons

Question 14

When urination is desired, decreased action potentials along which nerve pathway cause relaxation of the external urinary (urethral) sphincter?

Answer 14

Somatic motor neurons from the spinal cord

Question 15

In order for urination to occur, the _______ must relax, and the ________ must contract.

Answer 15

1. urethral sphincters
2. detrusor muscle

Question 16

which part of the nephron filters fluids and solutes from plasma

Answer 16

glomerulus

Question 17

which part of the nephron receives plasma filtrate

Answer 17

glomerular capsule

Question 18

which part of the nephron reabsorbs nutrients, glucose, various ions, and water

Answer 18

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 19

which part of the nephron reabsorbs of only water

Answer 19

Descending limb of nephron loop

Question 20

which part of the nephron does selective reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions

Answer 20

Ascending limb of nephron loop

Question 21

which part of the nephron reabsorbs sodium and water and secretes of hydrogen and potassium ions

Answer 21

distal convoluted tubule

Question 22

what’s the definition of homeostasis

Answer 22

the maintenance of a stable internal environment. The function of the kidneys is important in maintaining the internal environment.

Question 23

As water volume in the blood decreases and the osmolarity increases, the hormone _______ is released, causing the kidneys to retain water.

Answer 23

ADH

Question 24

what is the role of aldosterone when sodium levels are decreased

Answer 24

It causes an increase in sodium reabsorption by the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.

Question 25

As blood pH decreases, the secretion of _______ by the renal tubules increases, producing a more acidic urine.

Answer 25

hydrogen ions

Question 26

the kidneys are able to handle each component independently. Those that are too abundant in the blood are _______, and those whose levels are dropping are _______

Answer 26

1. excreted 2. reabsorbed

Question 27

The descending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to ________ which will _______ the renal tubule.

Answer 27

1. water 2. leave

Question 28

The ascending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to ______ which will _______ the renal tubule.

Answer 28

1. salts 2. leave

Question 29

What are the components of a nephron?

Answer 29

renal corpuscle renal tubule

Question 29

is the external urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control

Answer 29

voluntary

Question 30

The major regions of the kidney are the outer region called the __________ and the inner region called the __________.

Answer 30

cortex medulla

Question 31

Water and sodium ions are reabsorbed from the proximal tubule in a process that results in a(n) __________ in tubular fluid volume that is __________ to plasma.

Answer 31

decrease isotonic

Question 32

Stimulation by __________ motor impulses causes the detrusor muscle to contract rhythmically.

Answer 32

parasympathetic

Question 33

what does GFR depend on

Answer 33

pressure in the afferent arterioles

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a stage of urine formation? Glomerular filtration Tubular secretion Glomerular secretion Tubular reabsorption

Answer 34

Glomerular secretion

Question 35

Lasix is a diuretic that blocks the reabsorption of sodium in the ascending limb of the nephron loop. What would be the result of giving lasix?

Answer 35

Increased urine output

Question 36

What determines the composition of urine?

Answer 36

The ratio of water and solutes eliminated to maintain internal environment

Question 37

An increase in the amount of protein in the diet would lead to an increased concentration of which of the following in the urine?

Answer 37

urea

Question 38

When there is an excess of water in body fluid, ADH secretion __________.

Answer 38

decreases

Question 39

structures and characteristics of the renal medulla

Answer 39

medulla nephron loops collecting ducts site of reabsorption site of secretion

Question 40

structures and characteristics of the renal cortex

Answer 40

cortex renal corpuscle PCT DCT collecting ducts nephron loops site of filtration site of reabsorption site of secretion