nervous system - spinal cord Flashcards
whats the name of bundles of axon?
fascicles
what is the connective tissue that surrounds a nerve?
epineurium
what is the connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle?
perineurium
what is the connective tissue that surrounds an axon?
endoneurium
what are afferent fibers?
fibres that carry sensory impulses from sensory receptors toward the central nervous system
what are efferent fibers?
nerve fibres that carry impulses away from the central nervous system
what is the function of a mixed nerve?
carries information to and from the cns
what does the receptor do?
it is sensitive to a specific type of internal or external change (stimulius)
what does the sensory neuron do?
conduct an impulse about the stimulus towards the brain or spinal cord
what does the cns do once the sensory neuron conducts an impulse?
serves as a processing center for the information
what does the motor neuron do?
conducts the impulse away from the brain or spinal cord
what does the effector do?
responds to the stimulation by the neuron, resulting in the behavioural action of a reflex
what is the skin covering the head?
scalp
what is the bone that surrounds the brain?
cranium
what is the largest portion of the cns?
brain
what is the bone that protects the spinal cord?
vertebra
what is the long cylindrical organ of the cns?
spinal cord
what are the protective membranes around the cns?
meninges
what is the root carrying motor axons?
ventral root
what is the collection of sensory neuron cell bodies?
dorsal root ganglion
what is the mixed nerve in the vertebral foramen
spinal nerve
what is the bone that protects the spinal cord?
vertebra
what is the delicate inner layer of the meninges?
pia mater
what is the web like middle layer of the meninges?
arachnoid mater
what is the thickest most superficial layer of the meninges?
dura mater
what are the parts of the spinal cord?
posterior horn
posterior funiculus
gray commissure
sensory tracts
central canal
what are not part of the spinal cord?
medulla oblongata
spinal nerve
cerebrum
sympathetic chain ganglia
brachial plexus
what is a plexus
what happens when the brachial plexus is damaged?
Weakness in elbow flexion
what happens when the Lumbosacral plexus is damaged?
Weakness in knee flexion
what happens when the intercostal nerve is damaged?
Loss of sensation on the chest wall
what happens when the hypoglossal nerve is damaged?
Deviation of the tongue upon protrusion
what happens when the abducens nerve is damaged?
Inability to move right eye to the right
what happens when the trigeminal nerve is damaged?
Loss of sensation on the face
what is the abducens nerve?
cranial nerve six
one of the nerves responsible for the extraocular motor functions of the eye
what is the facial nerve?
the seventh cranial nerve and contains the motor, sensory, and parasympathetic (secretomotor) nerve fibers
what is the oculomotor nerve?
a cranial nerve pair that carries eye muscle command signals
what is the cervical plexus?
a complex neurologic structure located within the head and neck.
what is the vagus nerve?
the main nerves of your parasympathetic nervous system
what is the brachial plexus?
formed by the anterior primary rami of C5 through T1
what is the lumbosacral plexus?
network of nerves formed by the anterior rami of the lumbar and sacral spinal cord
consists of the upper (L1-L4) and the lower (L4-S4) plexus.
what is the trigeminal nerve?
the fifth cranial nerve (CN V) and the largest of the cranial nerves.
what is the hypoglossal nerve?
one of the 12 cranial nerves arising from the brain
paired nerve
control the muscles of the tongue
what is the intercostal nerve?
part of the somatic nervous system
where do the intercostal nerves arise from?
the anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11 and are situated between adjacent ribs.
what is the function of the trigeminal nerve?
provide sensory innervation to the face and is divided into three main branches.
what is the function of vagus nerve?
controls specific body functions such as your digestion, heart rate and immune system
involuntary
what is the function of intercostal nerve?
aid in contraction of muscles and thre return of sensory information from the skin and parietal pleura
what is the function of the oculomotor nerve?
handle most of the signals of the eyes
they help you see and contribute to many abilities
what is the function of the abducens nerve?
It moves the eye outward (abduction) so you can look to the side
whats the function of the facial nerve?
provides innervation to many areas of the head and neck region
what is the facial nerve comprised of ?
three nuclei
The main motor nucleus
The parasympathetic nuclei.
what is the function of the cervical plexus?
providing sensory and motor nerve supply to parts of the neck, upper back, and arms
what do branches from the cervical plexus do?
supply nerve impulses to the diaphragm, a large muscle that powers breathing
what is the function of the brachial plexus?
provides sensory and motor innervation of the upper extremity
what is the Vestibulocochlear nerve?
consists of the vestibular and cochlear nerves, also known as cranial nerve eight (CN VIII)
whats the function of the vestibular nerve?
maintaining body balance and eye movements
what is the function of the cochlear nerve?
responsible for hearing
how is the autonomic motor division controlled?
involuntarily
how does the activation of sweat glands occur?
involuntarily
autonomic motor division
how are the arrector pili muscles activated?
involuntarily
autonomic motor division
how is the intestinal smooth muscle activated?
involuntarily
autonomic motor division
what is the somatic pns involved in?
the movement of the body
what is the autonomic pns involved in?
the movement through the body
how is the somatic motor division controlled?
voluntarily
how are skeletal muscles activated?
voluntarily
somatic motor division
whats the feature of the somatic division of the pns?
only excitatory on target organs
parasympathetic nervous system functions
digesting
defecation
diuresis
sympathetic nervous system functions
running
embarrassment
excitement
fight or flight response
what is an effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation?
increase secretion of sweat
multiple sclerosis involves an immune response against myelin of the central nervous system, causing scar formation (sclerosis) within the neural tissue. How would this affect nerve impulse conduction?
Impulses are blocked or interrupted
What is a group of interneurons called that synapse with each other, receiving input and generating output, and perform a common function?
neuronal pool
which nerves are a feature of the cervical plexus?
- superficial branches: great auricular nerve, lesser occipital nerve, transverse cervical, suprasternal, and supraclavicular nerves.
- deep branches: phrenic, communicantes cervicales, communicating, and muscular.
which nerves are a feature of the brachial plexus?
axillary, radial, median, ulnar, musculocutaneous
which nerves are a feature of the lumbosacral plexus?
femoral, sciatic, tibial, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, genitofemoral nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, obturator nerve, lumbosacral trunk
function of lumbosacral plexus
innervates muscles of the lower limb
what is an example of the stretch reflex?
tapping the brachioradialis muscle tendon will result in reflexive elbow flexion.
