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Biomed > nervous system - spinal cord > Flashcards

nervous system - spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

whats the name of bundles of axon?

A

fascicles

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2
Q

what is the connective tissue that surrounds a nerve?

A

epineurium

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3
Q

what is the connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle?

A

perineurium

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4
Q

what is the connective tissue that surrounds an axon?

A

endoneurium

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5
Q

what are afferent fibers?

A

fibres that carry sensory impulses from sensory receptors toward the central nervous system

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6
Q

what are efferent fibers?

A

nerve fibres that carry impulses away from the central nervous system

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7
Q

what is the function of a mixed nerve?

A

carries information to and from the cns

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8
Q

what does the receptor do?

A

it is sensitive to a specific type of internal or external change (stimulius)

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9
Q

what does the sensory neuron do?

A

conduct an impulse about the stimulus towards the brain or spinal cord

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10
Q

what does the cns do once the sensory neuron conducts an impulse?

A

serves as a processing center for the information

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11
Q

what does the motor neuron do?

A

conducts the impulse away from the brain or spinal cord

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12
Q

what does the effector do?

A

responds to the stimulation by the neuron, resulting in the behavioural action of a reflex

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13
Q

what is the skin covering the head?

A

scalp

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14
Q

what is the bone that surrounds the brain?

A

cranium

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15
Q

what is the largest portion of the cns?

A

brain

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16
Q

what is the bone that protects the spinal cord?

A

vertebra

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17
Q

what is the long cylindrical organ of the cns?

A

spinal cord

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18
Q

what are the protective membranes around the cns?

A

meninges

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19
Q

what is the root carrying motor axons?

A

ventral root

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20
Q

what is the collection of sensory neuron cell bodies?

A

dorsal root ganglion

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21
Q

what is the mixed nerve in the vertebral foramen

A

spinal nerve

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22
Q

what is the bone that protects the spinal cord?

A

vertebra

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23
Q

what is the delicate inner layer of the meninges?

A

pia mater

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24
Q

what is the web like middle layer of the meninges?

A

arachnoid mater

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25
Q

what is the thickest most superficial layer of the meninges?

A

dura mater

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26
Q

what are the parts of the spinal cord?

A

posterior horn
posterior funiculus
gray commissure
sensory tracts
central canal

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27
Q

what are not part of the spinal cord?

A

medulla oblongata
spinal nerve
cerebrum
sympathetic chain ganglia
brachial plexus

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28
Q

what is a plexus

A
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29
Q

what happens when the brachial plexus is damaged?

A

Weakness in elbow flexion

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30
Q

what happens when the Lumbosacral plexus is damaged?

A

Weakness in knee flexion

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31
Q

what happens when the intercostal nerve is damaged?

A

Loss of sensation on the chest wall

32
Q

what happens when the hypoglossal nerve is damaged?

A

Deviation of the tongue upon protrusion

33
Q

what happens when the abducens nerve is damaged?

A

Inability to move right eye to the right

34
Q

what happens when the trigeminal nerve is damaged?

A

Loss of sensation on the face

35
Q

what is the abducens nerve?

A

cranial nerve six
one of the nerves responsible for the extraocular motor functions of the eye

36
Q

what is the facial nerve?

A

the seventh cranial nerve and contains the motor, sensory, and parasympathetic (secretomotor) nerve fibers

37
Q

what is the oculomotor nerve?

A

a cranial nerve pair that carries eye muscle command signals

38
Q

what is the cervical plexus?

A

a complex neurologic structure located within the head and neck.

39
Q

what is the vagus nerve?

A

the main nerves of your parasympathetic nervous system

40
Q

what is the brachial plexus?

A

formed by the anterior primary rami of C5 through T1

41
Q

what is the lumbosacral plexus?

A

network of nerves formed by the anterior rami of the lumbar and sacral spinal cord

consists of the upper (L1-L4) and the lower (L4-S4) plexus.

42
Q

what is the trigeminal nerve?

A

the fifth cranial nerve (CN V) and the largest of the cranial nerves.

43
Q

what is the hypoglossal nerve?

A

one of the 12 cranial nerves arising from the brain
paired nerve
control the muscles of the tongue

44
Q

what is the intercostal nerve?

A

part of the somatic nervous system

45
Q

where do the intercostal nerves arise from?

A

the anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11 and are situated between adjacent ribs.

46
Q

what is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

A

provide sensory innervation to the face and is divided into three main branches.

47
Q

what is the function of vagus nerve?

A

controls specific body functions such as your digestion, heart rate and immune system
involuntary

48
Q

what is the function of intercostal nerve?

A

aid in contraction of muscles and thre return of sensory information from the skin and parietal pleura

49
Q

what is the function of the oculomotor nerve?

A

handle most of the signals of the eyes
they help you see and contribute to many abilities

50
Q

what is the function of the abducens nerve?

A

It moves the eye outward (abduction) so you can look to the side

51
Q

whats the function of the facial nerve?

A

provides innervation to many areas of the head and neck region

52
Q

what is the facial nerve comprised of ?

A

three nuclei
The main motor nucleus
The parasympathetic nuclei.

53
Q

what is the function of the cervical plexus?

A

providing sensory and motor nerve supply to parts of the neck, upper back, and arms

54
Q

what do branches from the cervical plexus do?

A

supply nerve impulses to the diaphragm, a large muscle that powers breathing

55
Q

what is the function of the brachial plexus?

A

provides sensory and motor innervation of the upper extremity

56
Q

what is the Vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

consists of the vestibular and cochlear nerves, also known as cranial nerve eight (CN VIII)

57
Q

whats the function of the vestibular nerve?

A

maintaining body balance and eye movements

58
Q

what is the function of the cochlear nerve?

A

responsible for hearing

59
Q

how is the autonomic motor division controlled?

A

involuntarily

60
Q

how does the activation of sweat glands occur?

A

involuntarily
autonomic motor division

61
Q

how are the arrector pili muscles activated?

A

involuntarily
autonomic motor division

62
Q

how is the intestinal smooth muscle activated?

A

involuntarily
autonomic motor division

63
Q

what is the somatic pns involved in?

A

the movement of the body

64
Q

what is the autonomic pns involved in?

A

the movement through the body

65
Q

how is the somatic motor division controlled?

A

voluntarily

66
Q

how are skeletal muscles activated?

A

voluntarily
somatic motor division

67
Q

whats the feature of the somatic division of the pns?

A

only excitatory on target organs

68
Q

parasympathetic nervous system functions

A

digesting
defecation
diuresis

69
Q

sympathetic nervous system functions

A

running
embarrassment
excitement
fight or flight response

70
Q

what is an effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation?

A

increase secretion of sweat

71
Q

multiple sclerosis involves an immune response against myelin of the central nervous system, causing scar formation (sclerosis) within the neural tissue. How would this affect nerve impulse conduction?

A

Impulses are blocked or interrupted

72
Q

What is a group of interneurons called that synapse with each other, receiving input and generating output, and perform a common function?

A

neuronal pool

73
Q

which nerves are a feature of the cervical plexus?

A
  • superficial branches: great auricular nerve, lesser occipital nerve, transverse cervical, suprasternal, and supraclavicular nerves.
  • deep branches: phrenic, communicantes cervicales, communicating, and muscular.
74
Q

which nerves are a feature of the brachial plexus?

A

axillary, radial, median, ulnar, musculocutaneous

75
Q

which nerves are a feature of the lumbosacral plexus?

A

femoral, sciatic, tibial, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, genitofemoral nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, obturator nerve, lumbosacral trunk

76
Q

function of lumbosacral plexus

A

innervates muscles of the lower limb

77
Q

what is an example of the stretch reflex?

A

tapping the brachioradialis muscle tendon will result in reflexive elbow flexion.

Biomed (57 decks)

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