blood vessels and lymphatic system Flashcards
which structures are part of the pulmonary circuit?
pulmonary arteries
pulmonary veins
pulmonary trunk
lungs
alveolar capillaries
right ventricle
which structures are part of the systemic circuit?
aorta
carotid arteries
femoraal arteries
venae cavae
The __________ ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit while the __________ ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circuit.
right
left
What is the second artery that branches off the aortic arch?
Left common carotid artery
What blood vessel is a tributary of the hepatic portal vein?
Splenic vein
What is the sequence of travel by an impulse through the cardiac conduction system?
Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
what is the simple squamous lining of blood vessels?
endothelium of tunica interna
what is the middle layer of a blood vessel wall?
tunica media
what is the outer layer of a blood vessel wall?
tunica externa
what is the opening within an organ/vessel?
lumen
what is the flap of endothelium used to prevent backflow of blood?
valve
what is a vein?
a thin walled vessel that carries blood under relatively low pressure towards the heart
what is an artery?
a thick walled vessel that carries blood under relatively high pressure away from the heart
what are the features of arteries?
rhythmic blood flow
exibit greater ability to alter vessel diameter
what are veins referred to as?
reservoir vessels
what happens when veins are empty?
collapse
what do veins provide?
consistent velocity of blood flow
which vessle contains majority of blood at one time?
vein
which vessel relies on the skeletal muscular pumps to propel blood?
veins
what pulse can be measured from the wrist?
radial pulse
what is the path of a blood cell from the superior vena cava as it makes its way through the heart?
Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lung → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta
What is vasodilation?
an increase in the diameter of a blood vessel
what type of defense mechanism do interferons and complement proteins exhibit?
chemical barriers
The changes that occur in infected or injured tissue (redness, swelling, heat, pain) are due to what process?
inflammation
What are the mechanical barriers?
Skin and mucous membranes
what’s the function of lymph nodes?
filters lymph
initiates immune responses
what’s the function of the thymus?
Site of maturation of T lymphocytes
what’s the function of the spleen?
filters blood
initiates immune responses
what do lymphatic capillaries do?
- found in most tissues
- drain excess tissue fluid to help with fluid balance.
what happens when the lymphatic system absorbs fats from the digestive system and why?
molecules are too large to be absorbed into the blood, so they are carried via the lymph to the venous system.
what does the lymphatic vessel do?
carries lymph away from tissues
which area of the body is targeted when lymph flows into thoracic duct?
right leg
left side of head
left side of neck
left arm
left leg
left thoracic cavity
which area of the body is targeted when lymph flows into right lymphatic duct?
right arm
right side of head
right side of neck
right thoracic cavity
what are functions of the lymphatic system?
absorption of dietary fats
regulation of osmotic pressure
transport of foreign particles from tissue fluid to lymph nodes
What results from the absence or blockage of lymph vessels in a body region?
edema
what are the functions of lymph nodes?
filter lymph and blood
what is the outer protective covering in the spleen?
capsule
what is the area of many white blood cells in the spleen?
white pulp
what is the area of many red blood cells in the spleen?
red pulp
where does the lymph enter after it is returned to the blood?
venous circulation
What cell type functions to engulf and destroy foreign substances, damaged cells, and cellular debris as lymph is being filtered by lymph nodes?
Macrophages
what is the composition of the wall of lymphatic capillaries?
Thin-walled, squamous epithelial cells
