cardiovascular system

Question 1

what vessels are the site of nutrient, gas and waste exchange?

Answer 1

capillaries

Question 2

what does the pulmonary circuit do?

Answer 2

sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

Question 3

what does the systemic circuit do?

Answer 3

sends oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to the body

Question 4

What is the deepest layer in the wall of the heart?

Answer 4

Endocardium

Question 5

which structures are part of the wall of the heart?

Answer 5

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Question 6

which structures are part of the coverings of the heart?

Answer 6

pericardium
fibrous pericardium
parietal pericardium

Question 7

what is endocardium

Answer 7

blood comes in contact with the layer

Question 8

what is pericardium

Answer 8

double layer membrane

Question 9

what is epicardium

Answer 9

contains adipose tissue

Question 10

what is fibrous pericardium

Answer 10

outer layer of the pericardium
composed of dense connective tissue

Question 11

what is myocardium

Answer 11

made of cardiac muscle

Question 12

what is parietal pericardium

Answer 12

serous layer - secretes serous fluid
lines the fibrous pericardium

Question 13

what is the pericardial cavity?

Answer 13

contains the secreted serous fluid

Question 14

what is the visceral pericardium?

Answer 14

outermost layer of the wall of heart
called epicardium

Question 15

what is the aorta?

Answer 15

largest artery in the body and the main artery of the systemic circuit

Question 16

what is the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 16

large main artery of the pulmonary circuit

Question 17

what is the left pulmonary vein?

Answer 17

returns blood from the lungs

Question 18

what is the inferior vena cava?

Answer 18

main vein draining lower body

Question 19

what is the right pulmonary artery?

Answer 19

brings oxygen poor blood to the lungs

Question 20

what is the superior vena cava?

Answer 20

large vein that drains the upper body

Question 21

what is the right atrium?

Answer 21

upper right thin walled chamber of the heart

Question 22

what is the pulmonary valve?

Answer 22

• valve at the beginning of the pulmonary trunk
• also known as right semilunar valve
• reduces backflow of blood from the pulmonary circuit

Question 23

what is the tricuspid valve

Answer 23

• valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
• also known as right atrioventricular valve
• prevents backflow of blood to the right atrium

Question 24

what is the right ventricle

Answer 24

lower right thick walled chamber of the heart

Question 25

what is the papillary muscle

Answer 25

nipple like muscle inside the ventricles

Question 26

what is the mitral valve

Answer 26

- valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle - also known as bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve - prevents backflow of blood to the left atrium

Question 27

what is the chordae tendineae

Answer 27

connective tissue strips that attach AV valves to papillary muscle

Question 28

what is the left ventricle

Answer 28

lower left thick walled chamber of the heart

Question 29

what is the aortic valve

Answer 29

- valve between left ventricle and aorta - also known as left semilunar valve - reduces backflow of blood from the systemic circuit

Question 30

what is the fibrous skeleton?

Answer 30

connective tissue that surrounds the heart valves

Question 31

where is the heart located?

Answer 31

in the thoracic cavity

Question 32

where is the heart positioned?

Answer 32

between the lungs in front of the vertebral column behind the sternum

Question 33

what is the base of the heart?

Answer 33

point of attachment for major vessels more superior

Question 34

what is the apex of the heart?

Answer 34

points inferiorly and to the left and sits at the level of the fifth intercostal space

Question 35

what is the order of (oxygen poo) blood flow through valves

Answer 35

tricuspid pulmonary bicuspid aortic

Question 36

what happens to the chordae tendineae when papillary muscles contract with ventricles?

Answer 36

they become taut prevent valves from opening into the atrium

Question 37

what are the systemic capillaries?

Answer 37

smallest blood vessel in the body tissue

Question 38

what vessel does the left ventricle pushes blood into?

Answer 38

aorta

Question 39

When do the semilunar valves open?

Answer 39

When pressure in the ventricles is greater than that of the arteries

Question 40

At the beginning of ventricular diastole, what position are the AV valves in?

Answer 40

AV valves are closed.

Question 41

What state are the ventricles in when the AV valves are open?

Answer 41

Ventricular diastole

Question 42

do AV valves and semilunar valves are open at the same time?

Answer 42

no

Question 43

What occurs after ventricular systole begins?

Answer 43

The semilunar valves open.

Question 44

What is the position of the valves during ventricular filling?

Answer 44

AV valves are open; semilunar valves are closed.

Question 45

When the first heart sound is heard, what is occuring with the heart valves?

Answer 45

the AV valves are closing.

Question 46

What causes the semilunar valves to open during the cardiac cycle?

Answer 46

when the ventricular muscle contracts and generates blood pressure within the ventricle higher than within the arterial tree.

Question 47

how does contraction of the heart begin?

Answer 47

with an autorhythmic impulse of the SAN located in the superior portion of the atrial wall

Question 48

what happens after the impulse of the SAN?

Answer 48

acts as a pacemaker impulses disperse through the myocardium of the atria

Question 49

what happens after the impulses reach the myocardium of the atria

Answer 49

The impulse then arrives at the AVN located in the inferior interatrial septum

Question 50

what happens one the AV nodes fire?

Answer 50

signal travels into the AV bundle and AV bundle branches, both of which are located in the interventricular septum.

Question 51

what happens when the signal reaches the interventricular septum?

Answer 51

makes a U-turn at the apex of the heart, the signals are then carried by the Purkinje fibers through the exterior walls of the ventricles.

Question 52

what do parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve secrete? and why?

Answer 52

acetylcholine to decrease heart rate