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Biomed > joints and muscle tissue > Flashcards

joints and muscle tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of joint is the pubis symphysis

A

Cartilaginous joint

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2
Q

What type of joint is comprised mainly of dense connective tissue?

A

fibrous joints

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3
Q

What type of joint has limited movement and is comprised mostly of hyaline cartilage?

A

Cartilaginous joints

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4
Q

characteristics of fibrous joints

A
  • dense connective tissue
  • no movement
  • in the cranium
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5
Q

characteristics of cartilaginous joints

A
  • small amount of movement
  • cartilage joins bones
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6
Q

characteristics of synovial joints

A
  • most common joints in body
  • six subtypes
  • ample movement allowed
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7
Q

what is flexion

A

movement that decreases the joint angle between two body parts

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8
Q

what is dorsiflexion

A

raising the foot upward toward the shin.

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9
Q

what is pronation

A

a rotational movement of the forearm that results in the palm facing posteriorly

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10
Q

what is adduction

A

when a joint moves a part of the body toward the midline in one plane

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11
Q

what is plantarflexion

A

the movement of the foot in a downward motion away from the body

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12
Q

what is lateral rotation

A

the external rotation of the limb away from the midline

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13
Q

what is medial rotation

A

the internal rotation of the limb towards the midline

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14
Q

what is abduction

A

when a joint moves a part of the body away the midline in one plane

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15
Q

what is supination

A

the movement in which a person turns their hand, wrist, and forearm upward

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16
Q

what is extension

A

straightening a joint

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17
Q

what are diarthrotic joints

A
  • freely moveable
  • include all synovial joints of the body,
  • found in the appendicular skeleton
  • give the limbs a wide range of motion.
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18
Q

what are the synarthrotic joints

A
  • immovable
  • between the flat, plate-like bones of the skull
  • provide for a strong union between the articulating bones
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19
Q

what are amphiarthrotic joints

A
  • slightly movable
  • cartilaginous joint that unites the bodies of adjacent vertebrae
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20
Q

what is pivot joint

A

a freely moveable joint (diarthrosis) that allows only rotary movement around a single axis
neck

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21
Q

what is condylar joint

A

move up and down, from side to side, and around in circumduction
- jaw, wrists, toes, and fingers

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22
Q

what is saddle joint

A

synovial joint that is composed of a concave bone and a convex bone.

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23
Q

what is hinge joint

A

a type of synovial joint that exists in the body and serves to allow motion primarily in one plane.

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24
Q

what is plane joint

A

formed between two bones in which the articular surfaces of the bones are flat
enabling the bones to slide over each other.

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25
Q

what is ball and socket joint

A

type of synovial joint that moves throughout three or more planes of motion into multiple directions.

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26
Q

The two types of myofilaments found in myofibrils are the thin filaments, composed primarily of the protein called __________, and the thick filaments, composed of __________.

A

actin
myosin

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27
Q

What is the A band?

A

The length of thick filaments

28
Q

What is the I band?

A

The length with only thin filaments (no overlapping thick filaments)

29
Q

What is the H zone?

A

The length with only thick filaments

30
Q

when are the H zones and I bands are at maximum width

A

when the muscle is relaxed

31
Q

what happens during contraction

A

the actin filaments are pulled toward the center of the sarcomere

32
Q

what disappears when a muscle is fully contracted

A

H zone

33
Q

What happens to the sacromere during contraction?

A

sarcomere shortens

34
Q

What happens to the A band in a contracted muscle?

A

The A band does not change length

35
Q

why doesn’t the A band change length?

A

the thick filaments have not changed their length

36
Q

What happens to the I band in a contracted muscle?

A

The I band shortens

37
Q

What happens to the H zone in a contracted muscle?

A

The H zone shortens.

38
Q

An electrical impulse traveling along the sarcolemma and into transverse tubules causes calcium ions to diffuse from the __________ into the __________.

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum
sarcoplasm

39
Q

What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?

A

It binds to troponin, moving tropomyosin, so that myosin heads can bind to actin.

40
Q

In order for muscle contraction to occur, cross-bridges form between what components of the muscle fiber?

A

Actin and myosin

41
Q

what are possible outcomes of muscle contraction?

A

Movement of bones
Pumping of blood
Squeezing of intestinal contents

42
Q

what is the layer of connective tissue that closely surrounds a skeletal muscle

A

epimysium

43
Q

what is the perimysium

A

extends inward from the epimysium and separates the muscle tissue into small sections
connective tissue surrounds + separates fascicles

44
Q

what are fascicles

A
  • bundles of skeletal muscle fibers in epimysium muscle tissue
  • a large bundle of muscle cells
45
Q

whats the endomysium

A

a thin covering of connective tissue that holds fascicles of muscle fiber
separates muscle fibers

46
Q

what is a tendon?

A

attached muscle to bone

47
Q

what is fascia?

A

dense connective tissue that separates muscles

48
Q

what is epimysium?

A

connective tissue at muscle surface

49
Q

what’s a muscle fiber?

A

a muscle cell

50
Q

what’s a myofibril?

A

threadlike bundles of myofilaments

51
Q

what’s a (protein) filament?

A

thick and thin myofilaments
protein structure containing actin and myosin

52
Q

what is a muscle?

A

an organ composed of different types of tissues

53
Q

what is tropomyosin?

A

blocks binding sites for myosin

54
Q

what are actin molecules?

A

individual proteins that assemble into chains

55
Q

what is troponin?

A

binds calcium

56
Q

what are myosin molecules?

A

many combine to form filaments

57
Q

what are myosin heads?

A

form cross bridges

58
Q

The striations seen in skeletal muscle consist of alternating dark bands, called the __________ bands, and light bands, called the __________ bands.

A

A
I

59
Q

role of motor neuron axon

A

provides stimulation to muscle fiber

60
Q

role of nucleus of muscle fiber

A

control centre for muscle fiber

61
Q

what is the synapse

A

neuromuscular junction

62
Q

what’s the synaptic cleft?

A

space between axon and muscle fiber

63
Q

what is the motor end plate?

A

location of receptors for neurotransmitter

64
Q

what is the myofibril?

A

bundle of thick and thin filaments

65
Q

what is acetylcholine

A

a neurotransmitter that is released at neuromuscular junctions and that stimulates skeletal muscle to contract

Biomed (57 decks)

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