carbohydrates Flashcards
what are common carbohydrates found in nature?
aldehydes with two or more hydroxyl groups and ketones with two or more hydroxyl groups.
where are glycoproteins normally found?
either secreted or found on the outer face of the plasma membrane.
In glycoproteins, which amino acid residues are the carbohydrate moiety attached through?
asparagine, serine, or threonine.
what are starch and glycogen polymers of?
α-D-glucose
what does the basic structure of a proteoglycan consists of?
a core protein and a glycosaminoglycan
What chemical feature determines if a sugar is an aldose or a ketose?
The position of the carbonyl carbon
What happens if two carbohydrates are epimers?
they differ only in the configuration around one carbon atom.
Which group of carbohydrates is unique in that its members are strong anions, containing a significant concentration of carboxylate and sulphate?
Glycosaminoglycans
Whatis an anomeric pair?
α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose
how do some viruses gain entry into specific cells?
by binding to glycoproteins on the cell surface that are unique to specific cells
What is the storage form of glucose in animals?
Glycogen
Which are the features of starch and glycogen?
- both are homopolymers of glucose
- both starch and glycogen are stored intracellularly as insoluble granules
- glycogen is more extensively branched than starch
structure of amylose
unbranched
structure of amylopectin and glycogen
contain many (α1→6) branches.
Which of the following terms describes a class of compounds with the molecular formula Cn(H2O)n?
Monosaccharides
