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Biomed > nervous system brain > Flashcards

nervous system brain Flashcards

1
Q

what structures are associated with the brain?

A

cerebrum
basal nuclei
corpus callosum
midbrain
hemisphere
gyrus

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2
Q

what cavity, space, divider is associated with the brain?

A

sulcus
fissure
cerebral aqueduct
ventricles

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3
Q

what is the cerebrum

A

largest part of the brain. divided into two hemispheres, or halves: cerebral hemispheres.

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4
Q

what is the corpus callosum

A

primary commissural region of the brain where white matter tracts link the left and right cerebral hemispheres

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5
Q

what is the fissure

A

separate the brain into two hemispheres, left and right.

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6
Q

what is the cerebral aqueduct

A

a narrow communication duct between the third and fourth ventricles

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7
Q

what is the ventricles

A

produce cerebrospinal fluid, and transport it around the cranial cavity

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8
Q

what is the most superior basal nucleus

A

caudate nucleus

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9
Q

what is the most lateral basal nucleus

A

putamen

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10
Q

what is the inferior, medial basal nuclei

A

globus pallidus

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11
Q

what is the thalamus

A

large centre of diencephalon used as a sensory relay area

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12
Q

what is the name for the midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata together

A

brain stem

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13
Q

what is basal nuclei

A

deep cerebral gray matter

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14
Q

what is the cerebral hemisphere

A

right half of the brain

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15
Q

what is the cerebellum

A

most posterior and inferior portion of the brain

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16
Q

what does the basal nuclei include?

A

caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus

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17
Q

what is the hypothalamus

A

structure deep within the brain.
main link between endocrine system and nervous system.

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18
Q

what is the medulla oblongata

A

the connection between the brainstem and the spinal cord

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19
Q

what is the sulcus

A

furrows or depressions that demarcate the highly convoluted external surfaces of the brain hemispheres into gyri

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20
Q

what is the meninges

A

Three layers of membranes:
- pia mater: delicate inner layer
- arachnoid: a web-like middle layer structure filled with fluid that cushions the brain
- dura mater: tough outer layer

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21
Q

what is the brainstem

A

connects the cerebrum of the brain to the spinal cord and cerebellum
consist of white and grey matter

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22
Q

what is the diencephalon

A

a mass of neural tissue that lies below the cerebral hemispheres and in front of the midbrain
one of the four major portions of the brain; surrounds third ventricle

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23
Q

what is the pons

A

part of your brainstem, which links your brain to your spinal cord

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24
Q

what is the midbrain

A

the smallest portion of the brainstem between the pons caudally and the diencephalon
(about 1.5 cm)
most cranial structure

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25
Q

what is the brainstem composed of?

A

the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

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26
Q

what is the function of the brainstem?

A

breathing, consciousness, blood pressure, heart rate, and sleep.

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27
Q

what does the grey matter of the brainstem consist of?

A

nerve cell bodies and forms many important brainstem nuclei.

28
Q

whats the function of the midbrain?

A

relay system, transmitting information necessary for vision and hearing, motor movement, pain, and the sleep/wake cycle.

29
Q

whats the function of the pons?

A

transmit signals between your forebrain and cerebellum, helps maintain breathing
giving you sensory cues/motor information: taste, touch, and communicate

30
Q

whats the function of the meninges?

A

protect the brain and spinal cord

31
Q

whats the function of sulcus and gyri?

A
  • increase the surface area of the cerebral cortex
  • form brain divisions
32
Q

whats the function of the medulla oblongata?

A
  • control centre for respiratory and cardiovascular activities. - regulates blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, gagging, sneezing and swallowing.
33
Q

whats the functions of the hypothalamus?

A

helps manage your body temperature, hunger and thirst, mood, sex drive, blood pressure and sleep

34
Q

whats the function pf the diencephalon?

A

coordinating with the endocrine system to release hormones, relaying sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, and regulating circadian rhythms

35
Q

whats the function of the cerebrum?

A

initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature. speech, judgment, thinking and reasoning, problem-solving, emotions and learning. vision, hearing, touch and other sense

36
Q

whats the function of the cerebellum?

A

motor movement regulation and balance control
coordinates gait and maintains posture, controls muscle tone and voluntary muscle activity
unable to initiate muscle contraction

37
Q

whats the function of the corpus callosum?

A

serves as a conduit allowing information to transmit from one side of the brain to the other major role in movement control, cognitive functions (memory and learning), and vision.

38
Q

whats the function of the thalamus?

A

relay area for sensory impulses

39
Q

what functional area of cerebral cortex is associated with skeletal muscles?

A

areas involved with the control of voluntary muscles

40
Q

what functional area of cerebral cortex is associated with control of eyes?

A

frontal eye fluid

41
Q

what functional area of cerebral cortex is associated with complex thoughts?

A

concentration, planning, problem solving

42
Q

what functional area of cerebral cortex is associated with oral muscles?

A

motor speech area (broca’s area)

43
Q

what functional area of cerebral cortex is associated with hearing?

A

auditory area and interpretation of auditory patterns

44
Q

what functional area of cerebral cortex is associated with associates area?

A

combining visual images, visual recognition of objects

45
Q

whats the order of meninges layer from superficial to deep?

A

dura mater
subdural space
arachnoid mater
subarachnoid space
pia mater

46
Q

where is olfaction and hearing processed?

A

temporal lobes

47
Q

what does the frontal lobe do?

A

provide critical function in motivation, logical reasoning, expression of emotion, and social attitudes.

48
Q

what do the occipital lobes do?

A

house the visual centers
receive inputs from the optic nerves via the optic radiations

49
Q

what does the frontal lobe include?

A

the primary motor cortex
which controls voluntary motor functions

50
Q

what is the somatosensory cortex?

A

the region of neocortex represent and process touch, light touch and proprioception, temperature and pain

51
Q

what do parietal lobes do?

A

contain areas that receive general sensory input and areas that interpret the input

52
Q

whats the insulae?

A

the deepest of the cerebral lobes
the smallest and least understood lobes

53
Q

What functional region of the cerebral cortex is located in the frontal lobe?

A

primary motor cortex

54
Q

what happens if activity of reticular formation is decreased?

A

sleep

55
Q

The limbic system interprets sensory impulses from the receptors associated with which sense?

A

smell

56
Q

what is the membrane that covers and protects the brain and spinal cord?

A

meninges

57
Q

what is the ridge or convolution on the surface of the brain?

A

gyrus

58
Q

what is the shallow groove on the surface of the brain?

A

sulcus

59
Q

what is the deep groove on the surface of the brain?

A

fissure

60
Q

what is considered the autonomic control center of the body and why?

A

hypothalamus
it regulates hormonal secretion and heart rate

61
Q

the majority of all afferent pathways pass through and synapse with neurons of the _______?

A

thalamus

62
Q

Comprised of parts of the cerebral cortex, diencephalon, and other deep nuclei, the ________ represents the area of emotional control.

A

limbic system

63
Q

composed of three parts, the _________ provides basic life support functions including roles in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

A

brainstem

64
Q

what is the reticular formation?

A

the alert system of the body because of the tracts that provide communication between lower and higher brain regions

65
Q

The largest portion of the brain is the __________ , which controls voluntary muscle movement, sensory integration, and personality.

A

cerebrum

66
Q
A

Biomed (57 decks)

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