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Biomed > digestive system > Flashcards

digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

examples of mechanical digestion and/or propulsion

A

peristalsis
swallowing
segmentation
mastication
bile salts

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2
Q

examples of chemical digestion

A

salivary amylase
pepsin
pancreatic lipase

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3
Q

what are the accessory organs in the digestive system

A

teeth
tongue
salivary glands
pancreas
liver
gallbladder

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4
Q

what organs are involved in digestive tract in the digestive system

A

oral cavity
stomach
esophagus
small intestine
large intestine
rectum

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5
Q

what is the anatomical order of structures during digestion?

A

oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
anus

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6
Q

What is segmentation?

A

Localized contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle that help to mix food and secretions

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7
Q

how many secondary teeth are in the upper jaw?

A

16

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8
Q

what is the villus

A

finger like fold of the villus found in the small intestine

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9
Q

which tissue lines small intestine?

A

simple columnar epithelium

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10
Q

what is the lacteal?

A

small lymphatic vessel within the villus

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11
Q

whats the goblet cell?

A

single celled mucus glands

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12
Q

what is the name of the inward fold of the intestinal mucosa

A

intestinal gland

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13
Q

what does the lymphatic vessel in the intestine do?

A

carry lymph

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14
Q

what’s the role of the arteriole in the small intestine?

A

small vessel that carries blood towards the villi

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15
Q

what’s the role of the venule in the small intestine?

A

small vessel that carries blood away from the villi

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16
Q

what structures are associated with the large intestine?

A

rectum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
cecum

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17
Q

what structures are associagted with the small intestine?

A

jejunum
ileum
duodenum

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18
Q

which secretions enters the GI tract from the mouth?

A

salivary amylase

19
Q

which secretions enter the GI tract from the stomach?

A

pepsinogen
HCl
gastric lipaxe
intrinsic factor

20
Q

which secretions enter the GI tract from the duodenum?

A

pancreatic amylase
bile
trypsin
chymotrypsin
pancreatic lipase

21
Q

what leads to bile secretion?

A
  • chyme with fat enters the duodenum
  • cholecystokinin CCK secreted
  • CCK stimulate gallbladder wall to contract
  • bile moves through ducts to duodenum
  • hepatopancreatic sphincter relaxes
22
Q

step 1 of the process of deglutition (swallowing)?

A
  • the tongue makes the food into a bolus
23
Q

step 2 of the process of deglutition (swallowing)?

A
  • the tongue pushes the newly formed mass towards and into the pharynx
24
Q

step 3 of the process of deglutition (swallowing)?

A
  • a relflex occurs that elevates the soft palate closing off the nasal cavity
25
Q

step 4 of the process of deglutition (swallowing)?

A
  • the epiglottis closes off the top of the larynx so food doesnt enter the trachea
26
Q

step 5 of the process of deglutition (swallowing)?

A

peristaltic wave moves the food down the esophagus to the stomach

27
Q

After absorption from the digestive tract, all monosaccharides are converted by liver enzymes to __________.

A

glucose

28
Q

What is the primary use of triglycerides by the body?

A

energy source

29
Q

What are the functions of cholesterol in the body?

A
  • precursor for some hormones
  • precursor for bile salts
  • structural component of cell membranes
30
Q

In order for an amino acid to be used for fuel or to produce glucose, it must first undergo __________.

A

deamination

31
Q

What is a complete protein?

A

A dietary protein that provides adequate amounts of all essential amino acids to maintain life and support growth

32
Q

which reflex moves feces into rectum out the body

A

defecation reflex

33
Q

how does the defecation reflex work?

A
  • feces are moved into the rectum by peristaltic waves or increased internal abdominal pressure
  • internal anal sphincter relaxes
  • another reflex occurs where spinal cord assists in increasing abdominal pressure and squeezing the rectum
  • external anal sphincter relaxes
  • feces move out
34
Q

In the small intestine, _______ impulses stimulate peristaltic movements while ________ impulses inhibit movements.

A

parasympathetic
sympathetic

35
Q

digestive process

A
  • begins with ingestion of food
  • food is digested
  • once food is broken down into chemical subunits absorption occurs
  • indigestible residues and some non-reabsorbed secretions of the digestive organs, are moved into the large intestine, where fluids are removed and a semi-solid mass is created.
  • finally defecation
36
Q

what is digestion

A

Breaking down food, first mechanically and then chemically

37
Q

why does absorption occur

A

move nutrients from digestive tract into blood or lymph

38
Q

which minerals are important electrolytes for muscle and nerve function

A

sodium
potassium
calcium

39
Q

The first stage of swallowing involves the tongue moving the bolus of food into the __________. This process is a(n) __________ action.

A
  1. oropharynx
  2. voluntary
40
Q

What is the correct order of vessels as blood flows through the liver?

A

Sinusoids, central vein, hepatic vein

41
Q

What are functions of saliva?

A
  • cleanses mouth and teeth
  • dissolves molecules so they can be tasted
  • aids in swallowing
42
Q

Nerve impulses from the __________ nervous system elicit the secretion of a large volume of watery saliva when a person sees, smells, tastes, or even thinks about appealing food.

A

parasympathetic

43
Q

Increased peristaltic activity in the small intestine is due to __________ nervous stimulation and distension of the __________ wall.

A

parasympathetic
stomach

44
Q

What is an effect of secretin on the pancreas?

A

The pancreas releases more bicarbonate in the pancreatic juice.

Biomed (57 decks)

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