gene regulation Flashcards
what do different cells in the human body do?
make different proteins
what do diploid cells in an organism contain?
essentially identical genomic DNA (Totipotency).
what can happen to the expression of proteins in a given cell?
can change over time
what can transcriptional control be exerted by?
- alternative promoters
- inducible transcription factors
- non inducible translation factors
- tissue specific transcription factors
what can control at the RNA processing stage be achieved by?
- alternative polyadenylation
- alternative splicing
- mRNA editing
what happens after mRNA production?
the mRNA molecule undergoes transport and localisation in the cell
what are the features of transport and localisation?
- mRNA may be transported on the cytoskeleton to where it is needed
- mRNA may randomly diffuse to where needed
what regulates the translation of proteins?
- External stimuli such as heat
- Small molecules causing a refolding of the RNA
- Targeted micro RNA (miRNA)
- Trans-acting RNA binding proteins
in which direction does RNA degradation occur?
starts at the 3-prime end, and may continue at the 5-prime end after 5-prime cap removal, or continue at the 3-prime end.
Which post-translational modifications may proteins undergo?
- cleavage
- glycosylation
- phosphorylation
- ubiquitination
what’s the order of regulation?
- transcription control
- RNA processing
- transport and localisation
- translational control
- RNA degradation
- protein activation
