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Microbiology > Unit 4 - Yeasts > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Yeasts Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does Candida albicans cause?

A

candidiasis (other species can cause this as well)

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2
Q

What is the morphology of Candida albicans?

A

rounded or oval budding cells - they may have fragments of pseudohyphae with buds attached in situ

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3
Q

What does Candida albicans grow on?

A

SGA and others (BPA)

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4
Q

What do colonies of Candida albicans look like?

A

they begin small but can enlarge - they are creamy, white with smooth edges and are very convex

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5
Q

What four things is identification of Candida albicans based on?

A
  1. Formation of pseudohyphae with typical blastospores 2. Production of thick walled terminal chlamydospores on rice infusion or cornmeal agar 3. Germ tube test or serum tube test: more common in human labs 4. Fermentation or assimilation of carbohydrates - necessary to speciate most yeasts
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6
Q

Where does overgrowth of Candida albicans in poultry happen?

A

in the digestive tract

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7
Q

Where do lesions from Candida albicans develop in poultry?

A

in the mouth, crop, proventriculus, and the gizzard

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8
Q

What do lesions of Candida albicans look like?

A

whitish circular areas or elongated patches that may become confluent, slough, and leave ulcers

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9
Q

In what population does epizootics do to Candida albicans occur in poultry?

A

it occurs in commercial poultry and are more serious in the young

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10
Q

Candidiasis is a potential problem in pet birds on _______ _______.

A

antibiotic therapy

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11
Q

What lesion does Candida albicans cause in cats and dogs?

A

occasional cutaneous infections especially in dogs with skin folds

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12
Q

What does Candida albicans cause in cattle?

A

mastitis and abortion

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13
Q

What is overgrowth of Candida albicans cased by in humans?

A

antibiotic and immunosuppresive therapies

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14
Q

What lesions does Candida albicans cause in humans?

A

skin fold dermaitits, diaper rash, thrush, vulvovaginitis, intestinal infections, and occasional urinary and systemic infections

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15
Q

What protects against systemic disease from Candida albicans?

A

antibody

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16
Q

Is there immunization for Candida albicans?

A

yes, but it is not performed often

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17
Q

How are poultry treated for a Candida albicans infection?

A

formic acid in the feed to reduce the number of organisms

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18
Q

How are skin infections due to Candida albicans treated?

A

topical applications of Nystatin or clotrimazole

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19
Q

What does Malassezia pachydermatitis cause?

A

canine and feline otitis externa

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20
Q

What is the morphology of Malassezia pachydermatitis?

A

peanut shaped cells - bud on a broad base

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21
Q

How does Malassezia pachydermatis grow?

A

good at 37 degrees C on BAP or SGA, small, strep-like colonies in 2-4 days

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22
Q

What lesion does Malassezia pachydermatis cause?

A

yellowish deposits with a distinct yeast-like odor

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23
Q

How do you diagnose Malassezia pachydermatis?

A

smear of the ear canal with gram stain

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24
Q

How is Malassezia pachydermatis treated?

A

panolog and vinegar flushes

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25
Q

what is Rhodotorula a normal inhabitant of?

A

moist skin

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26
Q

What does Saccharomyces cervisiae cause?

A

thrush and vulvovaginitis

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27
Q

What does Torulopsis glabrata cause?

A

Pyelonephritis, pneumonia

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28
Q

What does Trichosporon cause?

A

superficial nodules on the distal portion of hair and opportunistic infections

29
Q

What does Rhinosporidium seeberi cause?

A

chronic infections of the nasal and ocular mucosa of humans, horses, mules, cattle and others

30
Q

What does Rhinosporidium seeberi infection lead to?

A

polyp formation

31
Q

What is the morphology of Rhinosporidium seeberi?

A

very small sporangia which are filled with thousands of spores - on cross section they look like white specks

32
Q

Where is Rhinosporidium seeberi endemic?

A

in India and Sri Lanka as well as sporadically in the southern US and other areas of the world

33
Q

What is infection with Rhinosporidium seeberi associated with?

A

water contact but this is not absolute

34
Q

What lesions are associated with Rhinosporidium seeberi infection?

A

fibromyxomatous polypoid lesions - there may be a mucopurulent nasal discharge and occasional lesions elsewhere on the body

35
Q

How is Rhinosporidium seeberi infection treated?

A

surgical removal and cautery at the base of the polyp

36
Q

What does Sporothrix schenckii cause?

A

sporotrichosis in equidae, humans, cattle, and others

37
Q

What is the morphology of Sporothrix schenckii classified as?

A

a dimorphic fungus

38
Q

What form of Sporothrix schenckii is found in tissues and in 37 C in the incubator?

A

the yeast form

39
Q

What does the yeast form of Sporothrix schenckii look like?

A

it looks elongated - forms cigar bodies

40
Q

What form of Sporothrix schenckii is found at 30 C?

A

mold

41
Q

What does the mold form of Sporothrix schenckii look like?

A

it produces fine, delicate, sepate, branching hyphae - conidia form at two sites of the hyphae

42
Q

What is the optimal growth environment for Sporothrix schenckii?

A

grow in SGA at 30 degrees C

43
Q

What do colonies of Sporothrix schenckii look like?

A

small whitish filamentous colonies which enlarge and darken with age

44
Q

What is the natural habitat of Sporothrix schenckii?

A

common saprophyte on dead plant material - conidia are common in the soil

45
Q

How does Sporothrix schenckii enter the body?

A

through skin wounds in the hands, feed, and head

46
Q

What is the most commonly infected species with Sporothrix schenckii?

A

horses and dogs

47
Q

What does Sporothrix schenckii cause in humans?

A

Rosegardener’s disease

48
Q

What lesions does Sporothrix schenckii cause?

A

they start out as small reddish papules at the point of entry then spread via the lymphatic channels and form nodules. They ulcerate to the surface and exude a thick yellow pus

49
Q

What immunity is involved with Sporothrix schenckii?

A

humoral and cellular

50
Q

How is Sporothrix schenckii treated?

A

IV or oral sodium iodide in horses. Newer agents may be of value such as ketoconizole. Amphoteracin B is effective in humans

51
Q

True or False: Prototheca is not a fungus.

A

TRUE

52
Q

What are Prototheca?

A

green algae organisms that lack chlorophyll and are easily mistaken for bacterial or yeast colonies on blood agar plates

53
Q

Where is Prototheca found?

A

worldwide in sewage and soil

54
Q

What species is disseminated disease due to Prototheca associated with?

A

dogs

55
Q

What can Prototheca cause in cattle?

A

bovine mastitis and enteritis

56
Q

How is a Prototheca infecion treated?

A

its not - they are not susceptible to either antibiotics or antifungals

57
Q

What does Pseudogymnoascus (Geomuces) destructans cause?

A

white nose syndrome in hibernating bats

58
Q

Where is Pseudogymnoascus destructans present?

A

Eurasion countries, the Northeast US, and the midwest

59
Q

What is Pseudogymnoascus destructans spread by?

A

close contact - specifically by a mating orgy

60
Q

How does Pseudogymnoascus destructans infect bats?

A

it invades the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the nose and face and/or wing tissue

61
Q

What does Pseudogymnoascus destructans do to bats?

A

it causes them to have behavioral changes such as daytime flights in winter and moving towards the mouths of bat caves - the bats lose condition and eventually die

62
Q

Is there treatment for Pseudogymnoascus destructans?

A

antifungals have been used but success has notbeen reported

63
Q

What is another name for the Saprolegnia species?

A

cotton mold

64
Q

Why is Saprolegnia called cotton mold?

A

because they cause characteristic white or gray patches on fish

65
Q

How does Saprolegnia invade fish?

A

through damaged tissues or fish eggs and other freshwater species

66
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Saprolegnia infeciton?

A
  1. Saprolegniasis is usually secondary to bacterial or viral infections in fish. 2. The organism apparenly attaches to damaged tissues via hooks on the tups of hair-like structures. 3. The fungus spreads across the surface of the host as a thin, cotton-like film. 4. It infects primarily the skin and gills but can occasionally infect superficial muscle tissues
67
Q

What can the lesion caused by Saprolegnia be mistaken for?

A

columnaris disease

68
Q

What is the end result of a Saprolegnia infection?

A

it is usually fatal as a result of hemodilution

69
Q

How is Saprolegnia prevented?

A

to maintain well-fed, healthy fish that are free of other diseases

Microbiology (50 decks)

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