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Microbiology > The Genus Mycoplasma and Bovine Mycoplasmas > Flashcards

The Genus Mycoplasma and Bovine Mycoplasmas Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where do Mycoplasmas generally reside?

A

on host non-enteric mucosal surfaces

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2
Q

In general, what diseases do Mycoplasmas produce?

A

diseases that spread slowly and produce little or no mortality but there are exceptions

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3
Q

What class does Mycoplasma belong in?

A

Mollicutes

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4
Q

What genera are recognized in the class Mollicutes as important in gene production?

A

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

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5
Q

True or False - Mycoplasma is the largest living structure capable of growth in cell-free medium.

A

false - it’s the smallest

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6
Q

What is special about the cell wall of Mycoplasma?

A

it doesn’t have one - the outer layer of mycoplasmas is analogous to the inner cell membrane of other bacteria

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7
Q

Why are Mycoplasmas resistant to penicillin?

A

because they do not synthesize peptidoglycan

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8
Q

What is the morphology of Mycoplasma?

A

pleomorphic, coccoid to filamentous, often pear-shaped, faintly gram-negative, and usually non motile

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9
Q

What colonies of Mycoplasmas look like?

A

small and have a characteristic fried egg appearance due to growth of the center of the colonies down to the medium

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10
Q

What genus does Mycoplasma share an anscestor with?

A

Clostridia

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11
Q

In normal animals, where do mycoplasma live?

A

mucous membrane surfaces of the respiratory tract, eyes, urogenital tract, mouth, and mammary glands

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12
Q

In disease, where are mycoplasmas found?

A

lungs, conjunctiva, urethra, mammary glands, joints, serosal surfaces, and the brain

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13
Q

What are the optimal growth conditions for Mycoplasmas?

A

Ph: 7-8, high humidity, and increased CO2

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14
Q

What are some other characteristics of Mycoplasmas?

A

Immunosuppression, specialized attachment to host cells, hemolysis, ammonia, antigenic shift, and super antigens

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15
Q

What antimicrobials are routinely used to treat Mycoplasmas?

A

Linomycin and tylocin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, zuprevo, tetracyclines, and tiamulin

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16
Q

What is the best way to prevent Mycoplasmas?

A

immunization

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17
Q

What are the common bovine mycoplasmas?

A

Mycoplasma mycoides subspcies mycoides SC, Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovoculi, Mycoplasma dispar, Ureplasma diversum, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium

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18
Q

What is Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC the cause of?

A

contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

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19
Q

Where is Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC endemic to?

A

most of Africa and parts of Asia (India and China)

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20
Q

How is Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC transmitted?

A

by droplet, aerosol, and contact - primarily by inhilation

21
Q

Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC primarily effects cattle, what other species can it affect?

A

buffalo, yak, reindeer, and bison

22
Q

What tissues is bronchopneumonia caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC limited to?

A

lungs with involvement of intrapulmonary lymphatics and thoracic lymph nodes

23
Q

How is Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC diagnosed?

A

PCR testing, isolation, and CF test

24
Q

What is the best preventative measure for Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC?

A

elimination of infected herds where possible

25
Q

What immunization is given for Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC?

A

avirulent strains given intranasally

26
Q

How do you treat Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC?

A

tetracylcines - but it is discouraged because the organism is only suppressed and chronic carriers result

27
Q

What is the most serious Mycoplasma of cattle in countries where Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC is not present?

A

Mycoplasma bovis

28
Q

How is Mycoplasma bovis transmitted?

A

by droplet, contact, direct contamination of the mammary gland or through milk or colostrum, and semen

29
Q

What are the msot common disease processes associated with Mycoplasma bovis?

A

mastitis, pneumonia, otitis, and polyarthritis

30
Q

What is Mycoplasma bovis occasionally involved in?

A

abortion, subcutaneous abcesses, and meningitis

31
Q

What toxin does Mycoplasma bovis produce and what is its function?

A

a glycoprotein toxin that produces inflammation in mammary tissue and may include necrosis of lung tissue

32
Q

How are cattle with Mycoplasma bovis treated?

A

they aren’t - they are usually culled or at least segregated from the rest of the herd until they can be culled

33
Q

How is Mycoplasma bovis prevented?

A

pasteurization and immunization

34
Q

Is immunization against Mycoplasma bovis effective?

A

yes for the respiratory infection and mastitis but it does not provide solid immunity

35
Q

What infection does Mycoplasma bovoculi predispose for?

A

Moraxella bovis which produces pink eye

36
Q

What diseases does Mycoplasma dispar cause?

A

pneumonia in calves

37
Q

Where is Mycoplasma dispar commonly found?

A

in the respiratory tract

38
Q

How long does the infection from Mycoplasma dispar usually last?

A

2-5 months

39
Q

Mycoplasma dispar results in suprression of antibody response to __________ _______-.

A

Mycoplasma bovis

40
Q

What appears to be important to the development of Mycoplasma dispar?

A

hypersensitivity

41
Q

What disease has Ureaplasma diversum been incriminated in causing?

A

granular vulvo-vaginitis and infertility in cows

42
Q

Recently Ureaplasma diversum has been revealed to be the major cause of what in cattle?

A

abortion

43
Q

How does disease from Ureaplasma diversum occur?

A

new strains are entered into the herd because this organism is found in nasal passages and the vulvovaginal tract and in the prepuce and semen of males

44
Q

What disease processes have been associated with Ureaplasma diversum?

A

abortions, severe erosive and pitting arthritis with synovitis, pneumonia in calves, and conjunctivitis

45
Q

Where does arthritis and synovitis due to Ureaplasma diversum typically effect?

A

stifles, hips, and shoulders

46
Q

How is Ureaplasma diversum diagnosed?

A

PCR on placenta, abomasal contents, and fetal tissue along with gross or histologic lesions

47
Q

What diseases processes can Mycoplasma bovigenitalium cause?

A

seminial vesiculitis, epididymitis, orchitis, and urethritis

48
Q

What is Mycoplasma bovigenitalium a common contaminant of?

A

semen

49
Q

What has Mycoplasma bovigenitalium been isolated from?

A

Mastitis cases

Microbiology (50 decks)

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