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Microbiology > Bacillus > Flashcards

Bacillus Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How does Bacillus anthracis look on gram stain?

A

it is gram positive, with large rods

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2
Q

What type of cultures does B. anthracis form?

A

typical ground glass surface, non-hemolytic, and most produce spores

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3
Q

What type of toxin does B. anthracis produce?

A

a three component toxin

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4
Q

What is the toxin of B. anthracis dependent on the presence of?

A

large plasmid (pXO1)

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5
Q

What are the three components of the B. anthracis toxin?

A

protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF), and lethal factor (LF)

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6
Q

What does PA do?

A

it acts as a binding unit - it attaches to the cell receptor, undergoes proteolytic cleavage, remains bound to the cell and serves as a docking station for EF or LF

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7
Q

What does EF do?

A

it activates adenylate cyclase and dramatically interferes with cell function

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8
Q

What does LF do?

A

it proteolyticly cleaves the (MAPK/ERK kinase) involved in signal transduction in CD4 lymphocytes and fibroblasts. It also inhibits IL-2 production and regulation of the immune response

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9
Q

When is the capsule of B. anthracis present?

A

when the culture is grown on media containing bicarbonate or 50% serum agar in 5% CO2

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10
Q

When do B. anthracis spores usually form?

A

when they are exposed to O2

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11
Q

What is the capsule of B. anthracis composed of?

A

poly-d-glutamic acid

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12
Q

Where is B. anthracis commonly found (geographically)?

A

tropics or subtropics

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13
Q

What environments are incubators for B. anthracis?

A

soil high in N and soil where there is alternate flooding and drying

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14
Q

What does B. anthracis grow in specifically (environmental)?

A

decaying plant material

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15
Q

What is species are most often affected by B. anthracis?

A

ruminants and other herbivores

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16
Q

What does B. anthracis cause in cattle and sheep?

A

acute to peracute septicemia, toxemia, and death

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17
Q

What does B. anthracis cause in horses?

A

colic, edema of head, neck, and shoulders

18
Q

Where is B. anthracis usually localized in swine, dogs, and cats?

A

the pharyngeal area

19
Q

What does B. anthracis cause in humans?

A

malignant carbuncle, gastroenteritis, and respiratory infection

20
Q

What is the respiratory form of B. anthracis called in humans?

A

Woolsorter’s disease

21
Q

Which humans typically get B. anthracis?

A

those that work with hides, wool, and hair from infeected animals

22
Q

Is there a vaccine for B. anthracis?

A

yes, but it doesn’t work well for Woolsorter’s disease

23
Q

If a carcass is suspected to have anthrax what should you not do?

A

open it because it allows it to sporulate

24
Q

How can you safely diagnose B. anthracis?

A

take an ear slice and do an impression smear or use a handheld PCR

25
Q

How does immunity from B. anthracis develop?

A

the host needs to survive the infection

26
Q

What is the vaccine for B. anthracisin animals made out of?

A

modified live, acapsular mutant

27
Q

What is the vaccine for B. anthracis in humans made of?

A

killed bacterin based on protective antigen

28
Q

When is it recommended for anthrax immunization?

A

30 days before anthrax season in endemic areas

29
Q

Where are the endemic areas for anthrax?

A

Minnesota, montana, manitoba, and North and South Dakota

30
Q

When does immunity wane (after vaccination)?

A

6 months

31
Q

How do you treat for B. anthracis infection in animals?

A

penicillin or tetracycline

32
Q

How do you treat for B. anthracis infection in humans?

A

penicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin

33
Q

How is anthrax controlled?

A

burning or deep burial of infected carcasses

34
Q

What ‘disease’ is B. cereus commonly known for?

A

food poisoning

35
Q

What infectious diseases does B. cereus cause in humans?

A

abscesses, cellulitis, bacteremia, septicemia, urinary tract infections - mostly in immunocompromised hosts

36
Q

Besides humans, what does B. cereus cause infectious diseases in?

A

guinea pigs, and mastitis in cattle

37
Q

What toxins does B. cereus have?

A

emetic toxin, lethal toxin, and cereolysin

38
Q

What virulence plasmids does B. cereus var anthracis have?

A

pXO1 and pXO2 - plasmids of B. anthracis

39
Q

What disease is B. subtilis a cause of?

A

disease in immunocompromised humans and heroin addicts

40
Q

What is B. thuringiensis?

A

an insect pathogen

41
Q

Why is B. thuringiensis a natural insecticide?

A

because the parasporal body is toxic - the cry and cyt proteins are pore-forming toxins withreceptors on insect gut epithelium

Microbiology (50 decks)

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