Unit 4 - Fungi General Flashcards
Are fungi prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
eukaryotes
Do fungi have mitochondria?
yes
How do fungi multiply?
by both binary fission and sexual means
What is the wall of fungi made up of?
they contain chitin, chitosan, mannans, and glucans
Do fungi contain sterols?
yes - usally ergosterol and zymosterol and not cholesterol as in mammalian cell membranes
Are fungi susceptible to antibiotics?
they are not susceptible to classical antibiotics but are susceptible to polyene antibiotics which are active against erosterol and zymosterol
True or False: All fungi lack the stem and leaf structure of highly organized plants.
true - note that not every fungus will adhere to these rules
True or False: Fungi can manufacture their own food
false - they do not have chlorophyll therefore they cannot manufacture their own food
Fungi are either ______, ______, or _______. (type of organism they are)
saprophytic, symbiotic, or parasitic
What are fungi primarily identified by?
gross and microscopic visual means (i.e. the color of the colonies and the size, arrangement, and structure of their spores and reproductive structures)
What are the two different forms that fungi is seen in?
yeasts and molds
Yeasts are the _____ form of fungi.
simplest
What is the morphology of yeasts?
they are round or oval and single celled
How does yeast reproduce?
via budding
What are pseudohyphae?
chains of yeast cells that elongate and look like filaments or hyphae
How do molds reproduce?
by spores
What do molds do on suitable substrate?
The spores elarge somewhat, germinate, and send out a germ tube. The germ tube elongates to form a hypha and forms long filaments. They branch and may or may not form septa which divide the hyphae into uninucleated or multinucleated cells.
What is it called when septae of mold do not form the hyphae?
coenocytic
What type of hyphae form as part of the mycelium?
vegetative, aerial, and reproductive
Where are vegetative hyphae located?
they penetrate down into the medium
Where are aerial hyphae located?
above the medium
What does the reproductive hyphae develop from?
the aerial hyphae
What are dimorphic fungi?
fungi that have both a yeast phase and a mold phase
What seems to be the more common mode of reproduction in fungi?
asexual reproduction
How do fungi asexually reproduce?
budding and the formation of a variety of spore types
What does sexual reproduction in fungi involve?
the union of gametes
What is the perfect state?
the sexually reproductive form of fungi
What is the imperfect state?
the asexual state of fungi
What is the name of the kindgom for fungi?
Mycetae
What are the two groups within Mycetae?
Aseptate mycelia and sepate mycelia
What class belongs to Aseptate mycelia?
Phycomycetes or Zygomycetes
What classes belong in septae mycelia?
Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Deuteromycetes
What does Ascomycota get its name from?
the formation of a sexual stage called the ascus
What is within the ascus?
a number of ascospores
What is Basidiomycota comprised of?
the mushrooms, toadstools, smits, and rusts of plants
What important pathogen exists in the class Basidiomycota?
Filobasidiella neoformans
What is another name for the class Deuteromycetes?
fungi imperfecti
What organisms belong in the class Deuteromycetes?
those for which a sexual stage has not been found
What is the standard media used for growth of fungi?
Sabouraud’s Glucose Agar (SGA)
What is special media used for with fungi?
to produce identifying structures or characteristics
What is the ideal temperature for fungi growth?
some grow well at 22 C and others at 37 C
