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Microbiology > Actinomyces, Nocardia, Dermatophilus > Flashcards

Actinomyces, Nocardia, Dermatophilus Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What species does Actinomyces bovis typically effect?

A

cattle and horses

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2
Q

What does Actinomyces bovis cause in cattle?

A

lumpy jaw (granulomatous osteomyelitis)

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3
Q

What does Actinomyces bovis cause in horses?

A

fistulous withers and poll evil infection

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4
Q

How does Actinomyces bovis show up on a gram stain?

A

gram positive filamentous or short rods that appear as cocci

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5
Q

What type of organism is Actinomyces bovis in relation to oxygen?

A

extreme microaerophile

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6
Q

What forms in tissues as a result of Actinomyces bovis and why?

A

‘sulfer granules’ because the organisms produce glycocalyx that cements them together

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7
Q

What is the natural habitat of Actinomyces bovis?

A

it is an obligate parasite of the oropharynx and digestive tract

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8
Q

What is the pathogenesis of granulomatous osteomyelitis in cattle?

A

the organism enters the dental alveoli or through trauma wounds in the gums or oral mucosa, then the lesions enlarge and produce a large necrotic are that eventually drains to the exterior, the draining pus contains the ‘sulfer granules’ that are assocciated with this lesion

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9
Q

What other organism is commonly associated with lumpy jaw infections in cattle?

A

Trueperella pyogenes

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10
Q

Fistulous withers is an infection of the _______ _______.

A

supra-atlantoid bursae

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11
Q

Poll evil is an infection of the ___________ ________.

A

supraspinous bursae

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12
Q

What type of horses usually get fistulous withers or poll evil?

A

horses that are used as work animals because their collars can cause irritation in these areas

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13
Q

What other organism is commonly associated with fistulous withers and poll evil?

A

Brucella abortus

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14
Q

What type of immunity is associated with Actinomyces bovis?

A

cell-mediated but once the lesions form it is difficult for the immune system

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15
Q

Is Actinomyces bovis treatable?

A

yes with extended antimicrobial treatment (antibiotics combined with IV sodium iodide) but lumpy jaw is hard to treat due to the osteomyelitis

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of actinomycosis in dogs?

A

Actinomyces viscosus

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17
Q

What is the natural habitat of Actinomyces viscosus?

A

it is an obligate parasite of the oropharynx and digestive tract

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18
Q

What type of organism is Actinomyces viscosus in regards to oxygen?

A

aerobic

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19
Q

What lesions are associated with Actinomyces viscosus?

A

pyothorax

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20
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Actinomyces viscosus?

A

it invades wounds in dogs frequently in the head or neck areas leading to pyothorax

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21
Q

What is found in the pus in lesions due to Actinomyces viscosus?

A

sulfur granules

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22
Q

What is Actinomyces viscosus associated with in hamsters and humans?

A

peridontal disease

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23
Q

What type of immunity is associated with Actinomyces viscosus?

A

cell-mediated immunity

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24
Q

Is Actinomyces viscosus treatable?

A

yes with antimicrobials

25
Q

What does Actinomyces suis cause in sows?

A

granulomatous and supparative mammary gland lesions

26
Q

What is the natural habitat of Actinomyces suis?

A

oropharynx in pigs

27
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Actinomyces suis?

A

it is associated with superficial wounds of the mammary gland during suckling

28
Q

What is the ‘typical lesion’ associated with Actinomyces suis?

A

actinomycotic granuloma which contains sulfer granules when it drains

29
Q

What are the lesions associated with actinomycosis in humans?

A

first peridontal disease, then as it spreads thoracic and pulmonary infections, abdominal infections, and genital infecitons

30
Q

What is used to treat actinomycosis in humans?

A

penicillin

31
Q

How does the genus Nocardia show up on gram stain?

A

gram-positive rods that form branching filaments

32
Q

What type of organism is the genus Nocardia in regards to oxygen?

A

aerobic

33
Q

What lesions does Nocardia asteroides cause in dogs and cats?

A

suppurative thoracic and subcutaneous lesions

34
Q

What disease in cattle is Nocardia asteroides associated with?

A

mastitis

35
Q

Nocardia asteroides and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis create similar colonies, what key characteristic differentiates the two?

A

Nocardia asteroides takes longer to grow - typically 3-6 days

36
Q

What do colonies of Nocardia asteroides look like?

A

they are yellow to orange and often appear dry and rough

37
Q

How does Nocardia asteroides respond to a catalase test?

A

it is catalase positive

38
Q

How does Nocardia asteroides respond to acid-fast staining?

A

it is partially acid-fast

39
Q

What is the natural habitat of Nocardia asteroides?

A

soil

40
Q

How is Nocardia asteroides transmitted?

A

via wounds, ingestion, and inhalation

41
Q

What lesion is associated with infection of Nocardia asteroides in the respiratory system in dogs and cats?

A

pyothorax

42
Q

What is observed with subcutaneous infections in Nocardia asteroides?

A

draining tracts

43
Q

Are infections of Nocardia asteroides localized or do they metastasize?

A

they usually metastasize

44
Q

How is Nocardia asteroides treated?

A

with surgical drainage or debridement, and aggressive antimicrobial therapy

45
Q

How is Nocardia asteroides treated in cattle specifically?

A

it isn’t because it is not responsive to antimicrobial treatment so the animals are culled

46
Q

What species is Nocaria braziliensis associated with?

A

dogs and humans

47
Q

What humans typically get nocardiosis?

A

immunocompromised humans such as AIDS patients, cancer patients, chronic alcoholics, and transplant recipients

48
Q

What species of Nocardia typically infects humans?

A

Nocardia asteroides

49
Q

What clinical signs and lesions are associated with nocardiosis in humans?

A

supparative lesions and abscesses; headaches and convulsions

50
Q

What is the cause of dermatophilosis?

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

51
Q

What does Dermatophilus congolensis look like on gram stain?

A

gram positive rods

52
Q

What is the life cycle of Dermatophilus congolensis?

A

it forms filamentous groups of organisms which release motile zoospores that grow and form a germ tube and eventually new filaments which then divide

53
Q

What is the natural habitat of Dermatophilus congolensis?

A

soil

54
Q

What species does Dermatophilus congolensis infect?

A

cattle, dogs, horses, sheep, deer, and captive wild animals

55
Q

What season is associated with a heightened amount of Dermatophilus congolensis infections?

A

rainy season in tropical areas

56
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Dermatophilus congolensis?

A

trauma such as tick bites are often associated with disease, serum and cell debris form into large, thick scabs

57
Q

How is Dermatophilus congolensis diagnosed?

A

a smear of the exudate under the scabs can be air dried and stained with Giemsa stain

58
Q

What is the treatment for Dermatophilus congolensis?

A

penicillin

Microbiology (50 decks)

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