Unit 3: Bordatella

Question 1

What is the general morphology of Bordatella?

Answer 1

small gram-negative rods

Question 2

In regards to oxygen, what organisms are Bordatella?

Answer 2

obligate aerobes

Question 3

All Bordatella species except for which one are hemolytic?

Answer 3

Bordatella avium

Question 4

All bordatella species are oxidase _____.

Answer 4

positive

Question 5

What does Bordatella pertussis cause?

Answer 5

whooping cough in humans

Question 6

What does Bordatella parapertussis cause?

Answer 6

a similar disease to Bordatella pertussis but much less frequently

Question 7

How do Bordatella pertussis and Bordatella parapertussis differ?

Answer 7

they produce different toxins

Question 8

What does Bordatella bronchiseptica cause?

Answer 8

atrophic rhinitis in swine, kennel cough in dogs, and respiratory tract infections in cats.
It is also involved in respiratory disease in lab animals and in seals

Question 9

What is the morphology of Bordatella bronchiseptica?

Answer 9

typical small gram negative rod with fimbriae

Question 10

Are Bordatella bronchiseptica motile?

Answer 10

yes by peritrichous flagella

Question 11

What does Bordatella bronchiseptica grow on?

Answer 11

BAP

Question 12

What do Bordatella bronchiseptica colonies look like?

Answer 12

they are pin point colonies that are usually hemolytic except in ruminant and horse blood

Question 13

Does Bordatella bronchiseptica grow on MacConkey agar?

Answer 13

yes

NOTE: parapertussis and pertussis do not

Question 14

On MacConkey agar, what do Bordatella bronchiseptica colonies look like?

Answer 14

they are tan or blue-gray

Question 15

What does Bordatella bronchiseptica do to litmus milk?

Answer 15

it alkalinizes it - turns it blue

Question 16

Is Bordatella bronchiseptica urease positive or negative?

Answer 16

positive

Question 17

Is Bordatella bronchiseptica citrate positive or negative?

Answer 17

positive

Question 18

Is Bordatella bronchiseptica H2S positive or negative?

Answer 18

negative

Question 19

Is Bordatella bronchiseptica indole positive or negative?

Answer 19

negative

Question 20

What toxins does Bordatella bronchiseptica produce that are involved in cilial stasis?

Answer 20

LPS, adenylate cyclase toxin, and dermonecrotic toxin

Question 21

What toxins does Bordatella bronchiseptica produce that are involved in the attachment to mammalian cells?

Answer 21

filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae

Question 22

What is the natural habitat of Bordatella bronchiseptica?

Answer 22

it is commensal of the upper respiratory tract primarily in swine, dogs, and rabbits

Question 23

What is the pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis in pigs?

Answer 23

smooth phase attaches via fimbriae to the cilia of the nasal and bronchial epithelium with eventual cilial stasis caused by the dermonecrotic toxin. There is eventual loss of the epithelium. The organism usually sets up a synerfistic infection with Pasteurella multocida type D which also produces cytotoxin

Question 24

What is immunity to Bordatella bronchiseptica mediated by in pigs?

Answer 24

antibody

Question 25

Are there bacterins for Bordatella bronchiseptica in pigs?

Answer 25

yes - but they are being used less frequently

Question 26

How do you treat for Bordatella bronchiseptica in pigs?

Answer 26

it is difficult but sulfamethazine in feed may be of some benefit

Question 27

What does Bordatella bronchiseptica cause in dogs?

Answer 27

Kennel cough - infectious tracheobronchitis

Question 28

What is the pathogenesis of Bordatella bronchiseptica in dogs?

Answer 28

The organism is transmitted via aerosol and adheres to tracheal cilia and produces disease by a mechanism similar to that in pigs except that the epithelium remains intact

Question 29

What is kennel cough characterized as?

Answer 29

a hacking, paroxysmal non-productive cough

Question 30

How long does it take for recovery from kennel cough to happen?

Answer 30

one to several weeks

Question 31

If infected with Bordatella bronchiseptica, how long does immunity last?

Answer 31

for 14 months

Question 32

What vaccines are available for kennel cough?

Answer 32

attenuated live organisms intranasally and killed bacterins via injection

Question 33

What is used to treat kennel cough?

Answer 33

Antitussives such as Butorphenol and Dextromethorphan to control the cough tetracycline, doxycycline, enrofloxacin and amoxicillin for the infection

Question 34

True or False: Cats can get Bordatella bronchiseptica infection from dogs in the same household.

Answer 34

true

Question 35

Immunization for Bordatella bronchiseptica is available for cats, when is it recommended for use?

Answer 35

for multiple cat environments such as shelters or catteries

Question 36

Generally, what does Bordatella avium cause and in what species?

Answer 36

bordatellosis or rhinotracheitis in young turkey poults

Question 37

What do colonies of Bordatella avium look like?

Answer 37

they are small at 24 hours and enlarge to 2mm at 48 hours - they are non-hemolytic

Question 38

Is Bordatella avium urease negative or positive?

Answer 38

negative

Question 39

What is the natural habitat of Bordatella avium?

Answer 39

the upper respiratory tract of turkeys

Question 40

How is Bordatella avium transmitted?

Answer 40

via ingestion from water and litter

Question 41

What is the pathogenesis of Bordatella avium?

Answer 41

it attaches to ciliated epithelium and by some mechanism causes interference with clearance mechanisms of the respiratory tract

Question 42

Specifically what does Bordatella avium cause in turkeys?

Answer 42

catarrhal or suppurative rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchopneumonia, and airsacculitis that can become chronic

Question 43

Are there any successful bacterins against a Bordatella avium infection?

Answer 43

not really

Question 44

What is important to control Bordatella avium infection?

Answer 44

sanitation of the water supplies, chlorination of the water

Question 45

What antibiotic may decrease the severity and duration of Bordatella avium infection?

Answer 45

tetracycline