Unit 3: Bordatella Flashcards
What is the general morphology of Bordatella?
small gram-negative rods
In regards to oxygen, what organisms are Bordatella?
obligate aerobes
All Bordatella species except for which one are hemolytic?
Bordatella avium
All bordatella species are oxidase _____.
positive
What does Bordatella pertussis cause?
whooping cough in humans
What does Bordatella parapertussis cause?
a similar disease to Bordatella pertussis but much less frequently
How do Bordatella pertussis and Bordatella parapertussis differ?
they produce different toxins
What does Bordatella bronchiseptica cause?
atrophic rhinitis in swine, kennel cough in dogs, and respiratory tract infections in cats.
It is also involved in respiratory disease in lab animals and in seals
What is the morphology of Bordatella bronchiseptica?
typical small gram negative rod with fimbriae
Are Bordatella bronchiseptica motile?
yes by peritrichous flagella
What does Bordatella bronchiseptica grow on?
BAP
What do Bordatella bronchiseptica colonies look like?
they are pin point colonies that are usually hemolytic except in ruminant and horse blood
Does Bordatella bronchiseptica grow on MacConkey agar?
yes
NOTE: parapertussis and pertussis do not
On MacConkey agar, what do Bordatella bronchiseptica colonies look like?
they are tan or blue-gray
What does Bordatella bronchiseptica do to litmus milk?
it alkalinizes it - turns it blue
Is Bordatella bronchiseptica urease positive or negative?
positive
Is Bordatella bronchiseptica citrate positive or negative?
positive
Is Bordatella bronchiseptica H2S positive or negative?
negative
Is Bordatella bronchiseptica indole positive or negative?
negative
What toxins does Bordatella bronchiseptica produce that are involved in cilial stasis?
LPS, adenylate cyclase toxin, and dermonecrotic toxin
What toxins does Bordatella bronchiseptica produce that are involved in the attachment to mammalian cells?
filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae
What is the natural habitat of Bordatella bronchiseptica?
it is commensal of the upper respiratory tract primarily in swine, dogs, and rabbits
What is the pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis in pigs?
smooth phase attaches via fimbriae to the cilia of the nasal and bronchial epithelium with eventual cilial stasis caused by the dermonecrotic toxin. There is eventual loss of the epithelium. The organism usually sets up a synerfistic infection with Pasteurella multocida type D which also produces cytotoxin
What is immunity to Bordatella bronchiseptica mediated by in pigs?
antibody
Are there bacterins for Bordatella bronchiseptica in pigs?
yes - but they are being used less frequently
How do you treat for Bordatella bronchiseptica in pigs?
it is difficult but sulfamethazine in feed may be of some benefit
What does Bordatella bronchiseptica cause in dogs?
Kennel cough - infectious tracheobronchitis
What is the pathogenesis of Bordatella bronchiseptica in dogs?
The organism is transmitted via aerosol and adheres to tracheal cilia and produces disease by a mechanism similar to that in pigs except that the epithelium remains intact
What is kennel cough characterized as?
a hacking, paroxysmal non-productive cough
How long does it take for recovery from kennel cough to happen?
one to several weeks
If infected with Bordatella bronchiseptica, how long does immunity last?
for 14 months
What vaccines are available for kennel cough?
attenuated live organisms intranasally and killed bacterins via injection
What is used to treat kennel cough?
Antitussives such as Butorphenol and Dextromethorphan to control the cough
tetracycline, doxycycline, enrofloxacin and amoxicillin for the infection
True or False: Cats can get Bordatella bronchiseptica infection from dogs in the same household.
true
Immunization for Bordatella bronchiseptica is available for cats, when is it recommended for use?
for multiple cat environments such as shelters or catteries
Generally, what does Bordatella avium cause and in what species?
bordatellosis or rhinotracheitis in young turkey poults
What do colonies of Bordatella avium look like?
they are small at 24 hours and enlarge to 2mm at 48 hours - they are non-hemolytic
Is Bordatella avium urease negative or positive?
negative
What is the natural habitat of Bordatella avium?
the upper respiratory tract of turkeys
How is Bordatella avium transmitted?
via ingestion from water and litter
What is the pathogenesis of Bordatella avium?
it attaches to ciliated epithelium and by some mechanism causes interference with clearance mechanisms of the respiratory tract
Specifically what does Bordatella avium cause in turkeys?
catarrhal or suppurative rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchopneumonia, and airsacculitis that can become chronic
Are there any successful bacterins against a Bordatella avium infection?
not really
What is important to control Bordatella avium infection?
sanitation of the water supplies, chlorination of the water
What antibiotic may decrease the severity and duration of Bordatella avium infection?
tetracycline
