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Microbiology > Unit 4 - Treponema and Brachyspira > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Treponema and Brachyspira Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does Treponema mean?

A

turning thread

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2
Q

What are the genera Treponema and Brachyspira in regards to oxygen?

A

anaerobic

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3
Q

What is the shape of the genera Treponema and Brachyspira?

A

corkscrew

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4
Q

What is used to stain the genera Treponema and Brachyspira?

A

Crystal violet or Giemsa

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5
Q

What does Brachyspira hyodysenteriae cause?

A

bloody dysentery of swine

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6
Q

What is the best environment for Brachyspira hyodysenteriae to grow in?

A

anaerobic at 42 EC for 2-6 days

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7
Q

What does the colony of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae look like?

A

very flat, clear, and difficult to see with beta hemolysis and a ring phenomenon

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8
Q

How is Brachyspira hyodysenteriae transmitted?

A

pig to pig via the fecal-oral route

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9
Q

What is Brachyspira hyodysenteriae susceptible to?

A

disinfectants, heat, and drying but can survive in lagoons for over a year or more

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10
Q

How long can Brachyspira hyodysenteriae survive in the environment?

A

survival in soil at cool temperatures is 3 months

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11
Q

What is the incubation period of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae?

A

7-10 days

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12
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae?

A

The disease first starts as a diarrhea with the later appearance of mucus in the feces. The organism doesn’t penetrate past the lamina propria and is isolated only from the large intestinal sites. The fecal material may become very watery and bloody and the epithelial lining of the intestine can become so involved itll shed its pseudomembrane

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13
Q

How long does it take for recovery from swine dystentery to occur?

A

if kept clean and dry they will usually recover but then have 2-3 mor exacerbations of the disease - eventually they will completely recover (1-2 months after initial disease)

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14
Q

What is the clinical course of swine dysentery?

A

1-4 weeks

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15
Q

What virulence factors does brachyspira hyodysenteriae have?

A

hemolysin, LPS, and attachment

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16
Q

How is Brachyspira hyodysenteriae diagnosed?

A

history, clinical signs and gross lesions, demonstration of the organism preferably by isolation and identification

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17
Q

In order to ID Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, what must it be isolated from?

A

acutely ill, non-medicated pigs

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18
Q

Sows that have recovered from swine dysentery pass their antibody onto their young. What leads to the young succombing to the disease?

A

stress of weaning

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19
Q

Is there any immunization for swine dysentery?

A

no

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20
Q

How is swine dysentery treated?

A

Carbadox and Denegard but they are not able to clear the organism from the pig

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21
Q

What does Brachyspira pilosicoli cause?

A

porcine intestinal spirochetosis and human intestinal spirochetosis, possibly involved in intestinal infections in other animals

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22
Q

What is the distribution of Brachyspira pilosicoli?

A

worldwide

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23
Q

What is Brachyspira pilosicoli known as?

A

weakly beta-hemolytic intestinal spirochete

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24
Q

What is the morphology of Brachyspira pilosicoli?

A

it is identival to Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

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25
Q

What is the growth of Brachyspira pilosicoli like

A

it is similar to B. hyodysenteriae in colony characteristics except that it is weakly beta-hemolytic

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26
Q

What does Brachyspira pilosicoli attach to in swine?

A

It attaches in large numbers to the colonic epithelium by one end of the bacteria cell

27
Q

What does Brachyspira pilosicoli cause in swine?

A

diarrheal disease most commonly seen in the immediate postweaning period in pigs but can occur anywhere from 4-20 weeks of age

28
Q

What clinical signs are associated with Brachyspira pilosicoli in swine?

A

weight loss, poor growth rate, and diarrhea with occasional flecks of blood

29
Q

What does Brachyspira pilosicoli attach to in humans?

A

end-on attachment of large numbers of the organism

30
Q

What specific human populations are typically infected with Brachyspira pilosicoli?

A

in people in lesser developed countries and AIDS patients

31
Q

What does Brachyspira pilosicoli cause in humans?

A

it may be associated with a variety of intestinal disorders, but is most commonly associated with recal bleeding and chronic diarrhea

32
Q

Aside from swine and humans, what is Brachyspira pilosicoli associated with in other animals?

A

intestinal damage in other species especially in dogs

33
Q

What condition has the genus Treponema been associated with causing?

A

Hairy heel warts

34
Q

What is hairy heel warts?

A

papillomatous digital dermatitis

35
Q

What Treponema species are commonly found with hairy heel warts?

A

T. phagedenis, T vincentii, and T. denticola

36
Q

Where are lesions caused by Treponema typically found?

A

in the region of the flexor commissure of the interdigital space - one or two hind feet are most commonly involved, although forefeet can be affected

37
Q

What are the two typical lesions seen with a Treponema infection?

A

proliferative or wart-like form and erosive/reactive form

38
Q

Where is the proliferative or wart-like form of a Treponema infection seen?

A

north america

39
Q

Where is the erosive/reactive form of a Treponema infection seen?

A

europe

40
Q

How is Treponema infection prevented?

A

good hoof care, keep exposure to a slurry at a minimum, automatic food washing can be beneficial

41
Q

Is immunization against Treponema effective?

A

no

42
Q

How is Treponema infection treated?

A

clean the lesions with warm, soapy water and a stiff brush followed by a use of topical antibiotic (oxytetracycline powder)

43
Q

What does Treponema paralius cuniculi cause?

A

rabit syphilis

44
Q

How can Treponema paralius cuniculi be visualized?

A

via dark field microscopy

45
Q

What does Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum cause?

A

human syphilus

46
Q

What does primary syphilis cause?

A

Chancre

47
Q

What does secondary syphilis cause?

A

rash

48
Q

What does tertiary syphilis cause?

A

aortic aneurysm and gummaous lesions

49
Q

What does Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue cause?

A

yaws

50
Q

Where is yaws prevalent?

A

in the tropical regions of Africa, South America, India, Indonesia, and many Pacific islands

51
Q

When is yaws acquired?

A

during childhood by direct contact other than sexual contact

52
Q

What lesions are associated with early stage yaws?

A

polydactylitis and cutaneous lesions

53
Q

What lesions are associated with intermediate stage yaws?

A

crab yaws - lesions on the soles of the feet

54
Q

What lesions are associated with late stage yaws?

A

gangosa

55
Q

How is yaws treated?

A

with penicillin

56
Q

What does Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum cause?

A

endemic syphilis or bejel which resembles yaws

57
Q

Where is Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum infections commonly found?

A

in areas of the middle east and is transmitted primarily to children by contact in unhygenic conditions

58
Q

What does Treponema carateum cause?

A

Pinta

59
Q

Where are Treponema carateum infections common?

A

in tropical areas of central and South America

60
Q

How is Treponema carateum spread?

A

by non-sexual contact

61
Q

What lesions are associated with Treponema carateum?

A

skin lesions that are not granulomatous in nature most commonly on the hands, feet, and scalp

62
Q

How is Treponema carateum infection treated?

A

with penicillin

63
Q

What is oral treponemes?

A

periodontal disease caused by an overgrowth of Treponema

Microbiology (50 decks)

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