Unit 3: Campylobacter Flashcards
Generally, what diseases do the species in the genus Campylobacter cause?
abortion and infertility in cattle and sheep, and enteritis in humans and possible swine and dogs
What is the morphology of the genus Campylobacter?
gram-negative, short, curved, rigid rods arranged singly or in spiral forms or S forms. Motile by a single polar flagellum
Describe the growth conditions of the genus Campylobacter.
microaerophilic to anaerobic. CO2 is required by most. Slow growing. Antibiotics are frequently added to the media to facilitate isolation
What is the habitat of Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis?
it is an obligate parasite of the genitalia of male and female cattle
What disease does Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis cause?
early embryonic death and occasionally later term abortion in cattle
How is Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis transmitted?
venereally or by AI
What is the pathogenesis of a Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis infection?
It localizes in the anterior vagina and cervix until progestational phase and then invades the uterus and oviducts.
What specifically does Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis infection cause?
moderate endometritis and salpingitis which causes a failure of implantation or early abortion
How do cows become fertile again after a Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis infection?
they eliminate the organism from the uterus and oviducts in 2-5 months
Where does the Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis bacteria localize in bulls?
in the epithelia of the prepuce and penis without lesions
Is there any self immunity against Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis?
yes - IgA immobilizes the organism and prevents higher penetration of the reproductive tract and IgG helps clear the organism from the uterus
How is immunity to Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis acquired?
by being infected from the disease and surviving the infection
Is there a bacterin for Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis?
yes, they are successful and widely used
How do you diagnose against a Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis infection?
clinical signs, culture, direct exam of fetal membranes, and by detecting antibody
What does Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus cause?
abortion in sheep and occasionally cattle
What is the natural habitat of Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus?
intestinal tract of sheep and cattle
How is Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus transmitted?
via ingestion
What specifically does Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus cause?
bacteremia with localization in the placentomes leading to a placentitis and late term abortion
How is immunity developed against Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus developed and how long are they immune?
Ewes that recover completely are immune and stay immune for at least a year
Are there bacterins for Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus?
yes - for both pregnant and nonpregnant ewes
How is a Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus infection diagnosed?
impression smears of fresh fetal cotyledons and stomach contants
How is infection from Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus treated?
antibiotics but it is best to try controlling with immunization
What does Campylobacter jejuni cause?
enteritis in humans and abortion in sheep (some reports in young puppies and kittens)
What is the biggest source of infection of Campylobacter jejuni in humans?
from undercooked poultry or careless handling of poultry
What syndrome is Campylobacter jejuni linked to the development of?
Guillain-Barre syndrome
What is the natural habitat of Campylobacter jejuni?
the intestinal tract of a wide variety of wild and domestic animals including dogs, cats, cattle, ferrets, and poultry
True or False: Campylobacter jejuni is a much more common cause of abortion in small ruminants than Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus.
true`
What can Campylobacter jejuni cause in domestic ferrets?
abortion and enteritis
What is the pathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni infection in humans?
Following infection, the organism invades the intestinal mucosa leading to ulceration of the mucosal surface, formation of crypt abscesses, and hemorrhagic necrosis of the ileum and jejunum. Bloody diarrhea is observed in a high proportion of cases. The organism may invade theregional lymph nodes and cause a disseminated infection, Some strains can cause a watery diarrhea (these strains produce an enterotoxin similar cholera toxin)
What is clinical disease in humans with a Campylobacter jejuni infection characterized by?
acute enteritis lasting 1 day to 1 week or longer, high fever, abdominal cramps, and watery diarrhea
Fatality is high when bacteremia occurs
What is Guillain-Barre syndrome?
A flaccid paralysis that can occur following infection with a variety of agents including viruses. The syndrome often occurs a week or so following clinical infection - weakness evolves over a period of several days or more, paraylisis becomes severe enough that 20% require mechanical ventilation
What is the natural habitat of Campylobacter coli?
intestinal tracts of a variety of animal species
What disease can Campylobacter coli produce?
enteric disease similar to that observed with Campylobacter jejuni
What is most likely the source of Campylobacter coli infections in humans?
the intestinal tracts of pigs
