Unit 3: Avibacterium, Ornithobacterium, and Taylorella Flashcards
What is Avibacterium paragallinarum the cause of?
fowl coryza in chickens
What does Avibacterium paragallinarum require for growth?
V factor and 1% NaCl
What is the natural habitat for Avibacterium paragallinarum?
the upper respiratory tract of chickens - recovered birds are carriers
What lesions/clinical signs are associated with an Avibacterium paragallinarum infection?
there is acute inflammation of turbinates, acute air sacculitis, sneezing, conjunctivitis, sweeling of the head and wattles, decreased food intake with marked loss of egg production
How is Avibacterium paragallinarum infection diagnosed?
via culture from exudates
Are there bacterins for Avibacterium paragallinarum and in what populations are they used in?
yes; in multi-layer operations
How is Avibacterium paragallinarum infection controlled?
by depopulating and then repopulating with clean birds
What is ORT?
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
What disease processes is ORT associated with?
respiratory disease, decreased growth rate, and mortality in turkeys and chickens
How does ORT look on gram stain?
gram negative pleomorphic rod
What are the best conditions for ORT to grow in?
7.5 to 10% CO2 environment
What is the natural habitat of ORT?
presumably the upper respiratory tract of chickens and turkeys
How is ORT transmitted?
by an aerosol route and through the egg
What lesions are associated with an ORT infection?
pneumonia, pleuritis, mild sinusitis, mild tracheitis, airsacculitis, fibrinous pericarditis, hepatomegaly, and oophoritis
What lesion due to ORT is unique to turkeys?
blood-stained mucus
In turkeys, what lesions are associated with an ORT infection at 2 weeks of age?
respiratory signs followed by facial edema and swelling of the infraorbital sinuses
In turkeys, what lesions are associated with an ORT infection at 12-14 weeks of age?
sudden death, depression, marked dyspnea, and blood stained mucus - 50% mortality rate
In broiler chickens, what lesions are associated with an ORT infection at 3-4 weeks of age?
sneezing, nasal discharrge, sinusitis, increased mortality and poor rate of gain
What is the most common age of infection of ORT in broiler chickens?
6 months
How is ORT infection diagnosed?
isolation and ID of the organism, an AGID test also works
What is the most predominant serotype of ORT?
serotype A
What is the best way to immunize against ORT?
by giving bacterins to hens
How do you treat an ORT infection?
Do an antibiotic susceptibility test - tetracyclines and amoxicillin through the water have been successful
What is the cause of contagious equine metritis?
Taylorella equigenitalis
What does Taylorella equigenitalis look like on gram stain?
a short gram-negative rod (coccobacillus)
What is required for primary isolation of Taylorella equigenitalis?
it requires 2-5 days in 5% CO2 but can take up to 15 days
What do colonies of Taylorella equigenitalis look like?
they are pinpoint colonies
What is the habitat of Taylorella equigenitalis?
clitoral fossa of mares; stallions carry it on the penis, sheath, and in urethra
What does Taylorella equigenitalis cause in mares?
vaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis - characterized by a large amount of mucopurulent exudate
True or False: Immunity against Taylorella equigenitalis is good.
False: it is poor, mares relapse
How do you treat for a Taylorella equigenitalis infection?
penicillin, ampicillin, nitrofurazone, neomycin, and chlorhexidine
repeat uterine flushes at 7-14 days
stallion - daily cleansing with chlorohexidine and nitrofurazone
