Unit 3 - Pasteurella Flashcards
How does Pasteurella appear on gram stain?
they are small gram negative rods and coccobacilli
What type of organisms are Pasteurella species in regards to oxygen?
facultative anaerobes
Species in the genus Pasteurella ferment ______ without ____ production.
carbohydrates; gas
Is the genus Pasteurella oxidase positive or negative?
Positive, but it can produce a weak reaction
How many species are assigned to the genus Pasteruella?
13
Louis Pasteur worked with fowl cholera, what bacteria causes this?
Pasteurella multocida
What is the habitat for Pasteurella multocida?
the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity as normal flora in mammals
What are the three subspecies of Pasteurella multocida?
multocida, septica, and gallicida
True or False: The subspecies of Pasteurella multocida are associated with diseases in specific animals.
False: for instance foal cholera is caused by all three subspecies
On gram stain, what does Pasteurella multocida look like?
small coccobacillus on primary isolation but it may become pleomorphic
When stained with Giemsa or Wright’s stain, what does Pasteurella multocida look like?
it is bipolar
What does the capsule created by Pasteurella multocida consist of?
polysaccharides Type A has hyaluronic acid
What smell is associated with the colonies of Pasteurella multocida?
a musty odor of indole
What do colonies of Pasteurella multocida look like?
may be very mucoid (depends on the type), the colonies are non-hemolytic but as they age, a greenish discoloration of blood agar appears around them
What does Pasteurella multocida require to grow?
serum or blood and enriched media
Is Pasteurella multocida lactose positive or negative?
it is negative
Is Pasteurella multocida indole positive or negative?
it is positive
Is Pasteurella multocida urease negative or positive?
negative
What antigens are associated with Pasteurella multocida?
capsular antigen and somatic antigen
What are Pasteurella multocida species typed based on and what are the typing systems called?
Capsular and somatic
Carter’s and Heddleston’s
Capsular typing (Carter’s system) is done to differentiate variants of Pasteurella multocida strains, what are the different types?
Type A, Type B and E, Type D, and Type F
What do colonies of Pasteurella multocida type A look like?
they are very mucoid due to the hyaluronic acid capsule
What do colonies of Pasteurella multocida type B and E look like?
less mucoid than type A
What do colonies of Pasteurella multocida type D look like?
smaller colonies, non-mucoid with a capsule composed of an unmodified heparin type of capsular material
What type of capsule does Pasteurella multocida type F produce?
a chondroitin type capsule
In cattle, what does Pasteurella multocida type A cause?
it is a component of shipping fever pneumonia which may cause abscesses in lungs
What is infection by Pasteurella multocida type A in cattle predisposed by (i.e. secondary to)?
IBR, P13, stress, BVD, adenovirus, other bacterial agents etc.
How are cattle immunized against Pasteurella multocida type A?
bacterins are routinely given in preconditioning and other immunization schemes - the benefit is doubtful
Why are modified live vaccines not used for immunization against Pasteurella multocida type A in cattle?
because they are too toxic or ineffective
Is there any immunity (from the infected animal) associated with Pasteurella multocida Type A in cattle?
there is evidence for both type I and type III hypersensitivity reactions
What do Pasteurella multocida types B and E cause in cattle (and water buffalo)?
hemorrhagic septicemia in tropicical and subtropical areas of the world
During the rainy season, what does Pasteurella multocida types B and E cause?
acute septicemic disease of buffalo, bison, elk, deer, and reindeer
What type of Pasteurella multocida has been isolated from bison in Yellowtone National Park and in Canada?
type B
Where is Pasteurella multocida type E only seen?
in Africa
What bacterin has been found useful against infection from Pasteurella multocida types B and E?
oil-adjuvant bacterin
What does Pasteurella multocida type A cause in swine?
pneumonia with lesions in the lung similar to those in cattle
What predisposes swine to infection by Pasteurella multocida type A?
infections of the lungs by viruses, mycoplasmas or other bacteria
What does Pasteurella multocida type D cause in swine and what is infection usually in conjunction with?
atrophic rhinitis often in conjunction with Bordatella bronchiseptica
What does Pasteurella multocida cytotoxin cause?
turbinate atrophy
How does the Pasteurella multocida cytotoxin work?
It directly suppresses growth of the pig and has multiple systemic effects. The toxin is a single polypeptide that binds to host cell ganglioside receptors that normally interact with hormones in the pig’s body. Once inside the cell the toxin activates a G protein. Permanently stimulating the G protein has many different damaging effects on cellular metabolism. The toxin affects the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts producing bone loss
True or False: Immunization for swine against Pasteurella multocida is beneficial.
True - and a combination including B. bronchiseptica was commonly used to immunize both sows and piglets
What does Pasteurella multocida Type A cause in sheep?
mastitis and pneumonia
What do Pasteurella multocida types A and D cause in rabbits?
snuffles
What is snuffles?
a respiratory tract infection that can lead to pneumonia, septicemia, and death
What lesions are associated with snuffles?
abscesses in a number of body sites with exudate coming from the nostrils for a long period of time
What type of Pasteurella multocida is generally the cause of fowl cholera?
type A
What is fowl cholera?
acute septicemia that results in death
In birds that recover from fowl cholera, what lesions typically develop?
joint infections and arthritis
Fowl cholera is an important cause of death in what population of birds?
migrating waterfowl
Aside from type A, what type of Pasteurella multocida is associated with fowl cholera?
type F
What is used to immunize against fowl cholera?
Clemson University strain, autogenous and commercial bivalent and trivalent bacterins
What type of Pasteurella multocida typically infects dogs?
type D
What type of wounds typically are associated with Pasteurella multocida in dogs and cats?
bite wounds
How is Pasteurella multocida treated?
1st do a antibiotic susceptibility test. Sulfonamides, Sulfachlopyridazine, tetracycline, Penicillin, and streptomycin
What animals is infection from Pasteurella pneumotropica common in?
lab animals, mice, guinea pigs, rats, and hamsters
What diseases can Pasteurella pneumotropica cause?
abscessing pneumonia, conjunctivitis, subcutaneous abscesses, and mastitis
Pasteurella aerogenes is the normal flora of the mouth and intestinal tract of what species?
swine
Pasteurella caballi as isolated from what infections in horses?
respiratory and other infections
What Pasteurella species typically infect dogs and cats and what lesions are they associated with?
P. stomatitis, P. dagmatis, and P. multocida Bite wounds
