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Microbiology > Unit 3 - Pasteurella > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Pasteurella Flashcards

1
Q

How does Pasteurella appear on gram stain?

A

they are small gram negative rods and coccobacilli

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2
Q

What type of organisms are Pasteurella species in regards to oxygen?

A

facultative anaerobes

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3
Q

Species in the genus Pasteurella ferment ______ without ____ production.

A

carbohydrates; gas

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4
Q

Is the genus Pasteurella oxidase positive or negative?

A

Positive, but it can produce a weak reaction

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5
Q

How many species are assigned to the genus Pasteruella?

A

13

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6
Q

Louis Pasteur worked with fowl cholera, what bacteria causes this?

A

Pasteurella multocida

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7
Q

What is the habitat for Pasteurella multocida?

A

the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity as normal flora in mammals

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8
Q

What are the three subspecies of Pasteurella multocida?

A

multocida, septica, and gallicida

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9
Q

True or False: The subspecies of Pasteurella multocida are associated with diseases in specific animals.

A

False: for instance foal cholera is caused by all three subspecies

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10
Q

On gram stain, what does Pasteurella multocida look like?

A

small coccobacillus on primary isolation but it may become pleomorphic

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11
Q

When stained with Giemsa or Wright’s stain, what does Pasteurella multocida look like?

A

it is bipolar

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12
Q

What does the capsule created by Pasteurella multocida consist of?

A

polysaccharides Type A has hyaluronic acid

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13
Q

What smell is associated with the colonies of Pasteurella multocida?

A

a musty odor of indole

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14
Q

What do colonies of Pasteurella multocida look like?

A

may be very mucoid (depends on the type), the colonies are non-hemolytic but as they age, a greenish discoloration of blood agar appears around them

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15
Q

What does Pasteurella multocida require to grow?

A

serum or blood and enriched media

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16
Q

Is Pasteurella multocida lactose positive or negative?

A

it is negative

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17
Q

Is Pasteurella multocida indole positive or negative?

A

it is positive

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18
Q

Is Pasteurella multocida urease negative or positive?

A

negative

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19
Q

What antigens are associated with Pasteurella multocida?

A

capsular antigen and somatic antigen

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20
Q

What are Pasteurella multocida species typed based on and what are the typing systems called?

A

Capsular and somatic

Carter’s and Heddleston’s

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21
Q

Capsular typing (Carter’s system) is done to differentiate variants of Pasteurella multocida strains, what are the different types?

A

Type A, Type B and E, Type D, and Type F

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22
Q

What do colonies of Pasteurella multocida type A look like?

A

they are very mucoid due to the hyaluronic acid capsule

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23
Q

What do colonies of Pasteurella multocida type B and E look like?

A

less mucoid than type A

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24
Q

What do colonies of Pasteurella multocida type D look like?

A

smaller colonies, non-mucoid with a capsule composed of an unmodified heparin type of capsular material

25
Q

What type of capsule does Pasteurella multocida type F produce?

A

a chondroitin type capsule

26
Q

In cattle, what does Pasteurella multocida type A cause?

A

it is a component of shipping fever pneumonia which may cause abscesses in lungs

27
Q

What is infection by Pasteurella multocida type A in cattle predisposed by (i.e. secondary to)?

A

IBR, P13, stress, BVD, adenovirus, other bacterial agents etc.

28
Q

How are cattle immunized against Pasteurella multocida type A?

A

bacterins are routinely given in preconditioning and other immunization schemes - the benefit is doubtful

29
Q

Why are modified live vaccines not used for immunization against Pasteurella multocida type A in cattle?

A

because they are too toxic or ineffective

30
Q

Is there any immunity (from the infected animal) associated with Pasteurella multocida Type A in cattle?

A

there is evidence for both type I and type III hypersensitivity reactions

31
Q

What do Pasteurella multocida types B and E cause in cattle (and water buffalo)?

A

hemorrhagic septicemia in tropicical and subtropical areas of the world

32
Q

During the rainy season, what does Pasteurella multocida types B and E cause?

A

acute septicemic disease of buffalo, bison, elk, deer, and reindeer

33
Q

What type of Pasteurella multocida has been isolated from bison in Yellowtone National Park and in Canada?

A

type B

34
Q

Where is Pasteurella multocida type E only seen?

A

in Africa

35
Q

What bacterin has been found useful against infection from Pasteurella multocida types B and E?

A

oil-adjuvant bacterin

36
Q

What does Pasteurella multocida type A cause in swine?

A

pneumonia with lesions in the lung similar to those in cattle

37
Q

What predisposes swine to infection by Pasteurella multocida type A?

A

infections of the lungs by viruses, mycoplasmas or other bacteria

38
Q

What does Pasteurella multocida type D cause in swine and what is infection usually in conjunction with?

A

atrophic rhinitis often in conjunction with Bordatella bronchiseptica

39
Q

What does Pasteurella multocida cytotoxin cause?

A

turbinate atrophy

40
Q

How does the Pasteurella multocida cytotoxin work?

A

It directly suppresses growth of the pig and has multiple systemic effects. The toxin is a single polypeptide that binds to host cell ganglioside receptors that normally interact with hormones in the pig’s body. Once inside the cell the toxin activates a G protein. Permanently stimulating the G protein has many different damaging effects on cellular metabolism. The toxin affects the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts producing bone loss

41
Q

True or False: Immunization for swine against Pasteurella multocida is beneficial.

A

True - and a combination including B. bronchiseptica was commonly used to immunize both sows and piglets

42
Q

What does Pasteurella multocida Type A cause in sheep?

A

mastitis and pneumonia

43
Q

What do Pasteurella multocida types A and D cause in rabbits?

A

snuffles

44
Q

What is snuffles?

A

a respiratory tract infection that can lead to pneumonia, septicemia, and death

45
Q

What lesions are associated with snuffles?

A

abscesses in a number of body sites with exudate coming from the nostrils for a long period of time

46
Q

What type of Pasteurella multocida is generally the cause of fowl cholera?

A

type A

47
Q

What is fowl cholera?

A

acute septicemia that results in death

48
Q

In birds that recover from fowl cholera, what lesions typically develop?

A

joint infections and arthritis

49
Q

Fowl cholera is an important cause of death in what population of birds?

A

migrating waterfowl

50
Q

Aside from type A, what type of Pasteurella multocida is associated with fowl cholera?

A

type F

51
Q

What is used to immunize against fowl cholera?

A

Clemson University strain, autogenous and commercial bivalent and trivalent bacterins

52
Q

What type of Pasteurella multocida typically infects dogs?

A

type D

53
Q

What type of wounds typically are associated with Pasteurella multocida in dogs and cats?

A

bite wounds

54
Q

How is Pasteurella multocida treated?

A

1st do a antibiotic susceptibility test. Sulfonamides, Sulfachlopyridazine, tetracycline, Penicillin, and streptomycin

55
Q

What animals is infection from Pasteurella pneumotropica common in?

A

lab animals, mice, guinea pigs, rats, and hamsters

56
Q

What diseases can Pasteurella pneumotropica cause?

A

abscessing pneumonia, conjunctivitis, subcutaneous abscesses, and mastitis

57
Q

Pasteurella aerogenes is the normal flora of the mouth and intestinal tract of what species?

A

swine

58
Q

Pasteurella caballi as isolated from what infections in horses?

A

respiratory and other infections

59
Q

What Pasteurella species typically infect dogs and cats and what lesions are they associated with?

A

P. stomatitis, P. dagmatis, and P. multocida Bite wounds

Microbiology (50 decks)

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