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Microbiology > Cornyebacterium and Rhodococcus > Flashcards

Cornyebacterium and Rhodococcus Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What shape is Corynebacterium?

A

club shaped

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2
Q

How does Corynebacterium appear on gram stain?

A

gram positive rods

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3
Q

What are palisades?

A

the tendency for bacteria to form in clumps or parallel groups

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4
Q

What size colonies does Corynebacterium have?

A

small to medium, non-hemolytic colonies

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5
Q

What bacteria does Corynebacterium share cell wall antigens with?

A

Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, and Nocardia

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6
Q

What dpes the human pathogen of Corynebacterium diptheriae cause?

A

diptheria

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7
Q

What countries still have a diptheria problem?

A

under developed countries

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8
Q

What clinical signs are associated with diptheria?

A

conjunctivits, bull neck, severe myocarditis

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9
Q

What does Corynebacterium renale cause in cattle?

A

pyelonephritis

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10
Q

What does Corynebacterium renale cause in sheep and goats?

A

posthitis

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11
Q

What is the morphology of Corynebacterium renale?

A

short, stumpy rods which may be thicker on one end - non hemolytic

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12
Q

What does Corynebacterium renale grow well on?

A

BAP and sterile urine

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13
Q

Is Corynebacterium renale catalase positive or negative?

A

positve

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14
Q

What test is pretty indicitive that Corynebacterium renale is the pathogen in question?

A

urease - rapid urease result

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15
Q

What is the natural habitat of Corynebacterium renale?

A

urethra and prepuce of normal cattle, sheep, and goats

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16
Q

What type of infection is Corynebacteria renale?

A

ascneding usually in periparturient cows

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17
Q

Is immunity from Corynebacteria renale possible?

A

nope

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18
Q

What is used to treat Corynebacteria renale?

A

penicillin

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19
Q

What specific urinary lesion does Corynebacteria renale cause?

A

pizzle rot - ulcerative posthitis

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20
Q

What causes pizzle rot?

A

excessive protein in the diet leads to increased quantities of urea in the urine. C. renale breaks down the urea and converts it into ammonia which is very irritating to the skin and mucosa around and in the prepuse

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21
Q

How do you treat pizzle rot?

A

topical ointments or surgical intervention

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22
Q

What are the two biovars of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

A

biovar ovis and biovar equi

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23
Q

How does biovar ovis react with nitrate, what does it cause, and in what species?

A

it is nitrate negative and causes caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats

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24
Q

How does biovar equi react with nitrate, what does it cause, and in what species?

A

it is nitrate positive and causes abscesses in horses

25
Q

Which biovar of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infects cattle?

A

both of them

26
Q

How does Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis appear on gram stain?

A

gram positive pleomorphic short rod that can be mistaken for cocci

27
Q

What do the colonies of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis look like?

A

small grayish to yellow and sometimes pinkish colonies which can fragment easily - hemolytic pattern varies

28
Q

What definitive tests are used to identify Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

A

urease and CAMP

29
Q

How does Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis react on CAMP?

A

it has a reverse CAMP reaction and inhibits staphylococcal beta hemolysin

30
Q

What toxins does Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis have?

A

phospholipase D and surface lipid

31
Q

What is the basis for the vaccine for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

A

phospholipase D

32
Q

What is the surface lipid of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis toxic to?

A

phagocytes

33
Q

Where is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis present?

A

in soil, in abscesses, and on skin

34
Q

How is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis spread?

A

when an abscess ruptures the organism contaminates feeders, waterers, etc.

35
Q

How does Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infect?

A

through wounds, abrasions, insect bits, shearing wounds, and it can be inhaled

36
Q

Where does Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis travel after entering a host?

A

it travels to draining lymph nodes

37
Q

What type of parasite is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

A

facultative intracellular parasite

38
Q

What type of lesions does Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis cause?

A

onion-skin lesions

39
Q

What species does Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis commonly infect?

A

sheep and goats

40
Q

What region is biovar equi seen in?

A

The west - specifically California and Colorado

41
Q

What lesion does biovar equi cause (specific disease)?

A

pigeon fever or Dryland distemper

42
Q

Aside from goats, sheep, and horses, what species does Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosisinfect?

A

cattle, bison, camels, and humans

43
Q

How is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis diagnosed?

A

based on clinical signs or the synergistic hemolysis inhibition test

44
Q

What aids in preventing against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection?

A

antigen against the phospholipase - once abscesses form the antibody is not helpful

45
Q

How can C. pseudotuberculosis be prevented?

A

quarantine, drain abscesses, and immunization

46
Q

How can C. pseudotuberculosis be treated?

A

drain the abscesses or injecting them with Draxxin

47
Q

What is the morphology of Rhodococcus equi?

A

large rod (in liquid media) with pleomorphism ranging into cocci (on plate media)

48
Q

What do the colonies of Rhodococcus equi look like?

A

non hemolytic small to large, distinct, moist, mucoid, and flowing

49
Q

How does Rhodococcus equi react in carbohydrates?

A

it doesn’t ferment

50
Q

What other test helps to identify Rhodococcus equi?

A

CAMP - strong reaction

51
Q

What antigens are specific to Rhodococcus equi?

A

virulence-associated protein A and mycolic-type acids

52
Q

What is the natural habitat of Rhodococcus equi?

A

intestinal tract of horses especially in young foals and grows in soil

53
Q

What is Rhodococcus equi resistant to?

A

pretty much everything - it is very hardy

54
Q

What diseases does Rhodococcus equi cause?

A

suppurative bronchopneumonia, enteritis, internal abscesses, and joint infections

55
Q

Aside from equine, what does Rhodococcus equi infect?

A

swine and humans

56
Q

In swine. what is Rhodococcus equi maybe secondary to?

A

tuberculosis

57
Q

What is immunity to Rhodococcus equi dependent on?

A

age - presence of macrophages

58
Q

Is there a vaccine for Rhodococcus equi?

A

no

59
Q

How do you treat a Rhodococcus equi?

A

long-acting macrolides and rifampin

Microbiology (50 decks)

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