Unit 4 - Borrelia

Question 1

In regards to oxygen, what type of organism are in the genus Borrelia?

Answer 1

anaerobic

Question 2

What type of organisms are in the genus Borrelia?

Answer 2

commensals and parasites

Question 3

How are Borrelia species transmitted?

Answer 3

by arthropod vectors (ticks and lice)

Question 4

What major diseases are associated with genus Borrelia?

Answer 4

relapsing fever and Lyme disease

Question 5

What is the shape of species in the genus Borrelia?

Answer 5

small and slender with a serpentine shape

Question 6

What is the main causative agent of lyme disease in North America?

Answer 6

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 7

What is the main causative agent of lyme disease in Europe?

Answer 7

Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii

Question 8

How are the major lyme causative agents transmitted?

Answer 8

a tick feeds on an infected animal and the organism passes from one stage of the tick of the life cycle to the next - the tick can be transmitted to any organism it bites

Question 9

What species can be infected with Lyme?

Answer 9

dogs, horses, cattle, deer, humans, and others

Question 10

When does transmission of Lyme disease typically occur?

Answer 10

in the summer

Question 11

How many stages are involved with Lyme disease?

Answer 11

3 stages

Question 12

Initially, what does Lyme disease manifest as?

Answer 12

a distinctive skin lesion called erythema chronicum migrans

Question 13

When can the initial manifestation of Lyme disease occur?

Answer 13

1 day to 1 month following the tick bite

Question 14

What occurs during the second stage of Lyme disease?

Answer 14

the organism invades the bloodstream and is disseminated to multiple sites

Question 15

What clinical signs are involved with the second stage of Lyme disease?

Answer 15

fever, headache, and other non-specific complaints such as joint pain, malaise etc.

Question 16

What is the tertiary stage of Lyme disease characterized by?

Answer 16

arthritis, neuritis, and cardiac complications which can be fatal

Question 17

What does successful therapy of lyme disease involve?

Answer 17

long term doxycycline or amoxicillin early in the course of the disease - the lesions are reversible

Question 18

Are there bacterins available for Lyme disease and if so in what species?

Answer 18

Yes, in dogs only - the human one was pulled off of the market

Question 19

How is Lyme disease diagnosed?

Answer 19

C6 SNAP test in canines, darkfield exas, and culturing

Question 20

What does Borrelia burgdorferi cause in dogs and cattle?

Answer 20

inflammatory joint disease in dogs, cattle, and possibly horses

Question 21

How does clinical lyme disease present in dogs?

Answer 21

fever, myalgia, anorexia, and acute recurrent episodes of arthritis

Question 22

Generally, what does Borrelia anserina cause?

Answer 22

fowl spirochaetosis

Question 23

What species does fowl spirochaetosis affect?

Answer 23

chickens, ducks, turkeys, and geese

Question 24

What specifically does fowl spirochaetosis cause?

Answer 24

fever, diarrhea, drowsiness, emaciation, and death within 3-4 days - the birds beecome anemic and have enlarged spleens

Question 25

How is Borrelia anserina transmitted?

Answer 25

via ticks

Question 26

How is Borrelia anserina diagnosed?

Answer 26

using Kelley’s Medium and embryonated hen’s eggs, direct exam of organisms, and Giemsa or Wright’s stain

Question 27

How is Borrelia anserina infections treated?

Answer 27

Penicillin and tetracycline

Question 28

How are Borrelia anserina infections controlled?

Answer 28

eliminate ticks and the bacterin (CEO)

Question 29

What does Borrelia theileri cause?

Answer 29

fever/septicemia in attle

Question 30

What transmits Human relapsing fever?

Answer 30

ticks or louse