Unit 4 - Borrelia Flashcards

1
Q

In regards to oxygen, what type of organism are in the genus Borrelia?

A

anaerobic

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2
Q

What type of organisms are in the genus Borrelia?

A

commensals and parasites

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3
Q

How are Borrelia species transmitted?

A

by arthropod vectors (ticks and lice)

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4
Q

What major diseases are associated with genus Borrelia?

A

relapsing fever and Lyme disease

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5
Q

What is the shape of species in the genus Borrelia?

A

small and slender with a serpentine shape

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6
Q

What is the main causative agent of lyme disease in North America?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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7
Q

What is the main causative agent of lyme disease in Europe?

A

Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii

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8
Q

How are the major lyme causative agents transmitted?

A

a tick feeds on an infected animal and the organism passes from one stage of the tick of the life cycle to the next - the tick can be transmitted to any organism it bites

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9
Q

What species can be infected with Lyme?

A

dogs, horses, cattle, deer, humans, and others

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10
Q

When does transmission of Lyme disease typically occur?

A

in the summer

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11
Q

How many stages are involved with Lyme disease?

A

3 stages

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12
Q

Initially, what does Lyme disease manifest as?

A

a distinctive skin lesion called erythema chronicum migrans

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13
Q

When can the initial manifestation of Lyme disease occur?

A

1 day to 1 month following the tick bite

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14
Q

What occurs during the second stage of Lyme disease?

A

the organism invades the bloodstream and is disseminated to multiple sites

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15
Q

What clinical signs are involved with the second stage of Lyme disease?

A

fever, headache, and other non-specific complaints such as joint pain, malaise etc.

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16
Q

What is the tertiary stage of Lyme disease characterized by?

A

arthritis, neuritis, and cardiac complications which can be fatal

17
Q

What does successful therapy of lyme disease involve?

A

long term doxycycline or amoxicillin early in the course of the disease - the lesions are reversible

18
Q

Are there bacterins available for Lyme disease and if so in what species?

A

Yes, in dogs only - the human one was pulled off of the market

19
Q

How is Lyme disease diagnosed?

A

C6 SNAP test in canines, darkfield exas, and culturing

20
Q

What does Borrelia burgdorferi cause in dogs and cattle?

A

inflammatory joint disease in dogs, cattle, and possibly horses

21
Q

How does clinical lyme disease present in dogs?

A

fever, myalgia, anorexia, and acute recurrent episodes of arthritis

22
Q

Generally, what does Borrelia anserina cause?

A

fowl spirochaetosis

23
Q

What species does fowl spirochaetosis affect?

A

chickens, ducks, turkeys, and geese

24
Q

What specifically does fowl spirochaetosis cause?

A

fever, diarrhea, drowsiness, emaciation, and death within 3-4 days - the birds beecome anemic and have enlarged spleens

25
How is Borrelia anserina transmitted?
via ticks
26
How is Borrelia anserina diagnosed?
using Kelley's Medium and embryonated hen's eggs, direct exam of organisms, and Giemsa or Wright's stain
27
How is Borrelia anserina infections treated?
Penicillin and tetracycline
28
How are Borrelia anserina infections controlled?
eliminate ticks and the bacterin (CEO)
29
What does Borrelia theileri cause?
fever/septicemia in attle
30
What transmits Human relapsing fever?
ticks or louse