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Microbiology > Salmonella > Flashcards

Salmonella Flashcards

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1
Q

Is salmonella urease positive or negative?

A

negative

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2
Q

Is Salmonella H2S positive or negative?

A

positive

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3
Q

Does Salmonella ferment lactose?

A

no

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4
Q

Is Salmonella LDC positive or negative?

A

positive

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5
Q

Is salmonella indole positive or negative?

A

negative

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6
Q

How is Salmonella typically transmitted?

A

fecal-oral, feed transmission, and possible respiratory

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7
Q

Generally, what disease processes are caused by salmonella?

A

enteritis, septicemia, or both

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8
Q

What are the general type of serotypes of salmonella?

A

non host-adapted, host-adapted, host-restricted, and non pathogenic

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9
Q

What Salmonella serovar are host restricted?

A

Salmonella typhi, Salmonella choleraesuis var Kuzendorf, Salmonella gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum

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10
Q

What Salmonella serovar are host adapted?

A

Salmonella typhi, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella dublin, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella gallinarum, Salmonella anatum, Salmonella arizonae

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11
Q

What does Salmonella typhi cause in humans?

A

typhoid fever

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12
Q

What does typhoid fever cause?

A

enteric fever with septicemia,hyperplasia, and necrosis of the lymphoid tissue, spleen, liver, and infection of the gall bladder

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13
Q

What is the characteristic (pathognomonic)lesion of typhoid fever?

A

typhoid nodule

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14
Q

Typhoid is mostly a _________ infection in the developing world.

A

water-borne

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15
Q

In countries with access to sanitation of water, what is the common cause for a typhoid outbreak?

A

food borne and are associated with the presence of a single carrier that contaminates the food

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16
Q

In the human population what are chronic carriers of typhoid fever?

A

older women with gallbladder disease or gall stones

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17
Q

What clinical signs are associated with typhoid fever?

A

fever, malaise, and general aches and pain

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18
Q

What species does S. choleraesuis infect?

A

swine, humans, and other hosts

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19
Q

What species does S. choleraesuis var Kuzendorf infect?

A

swine

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20
Q

What disease does S. choleraesuis cause?

A

septicemic disease in which microbes can reside in the lungs, bone, brain, and heart

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21
Q

In swine specifically, what is S. choleraesuis associated with?

A

respiratory disease and button ulcers

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22
Q

What species does S. dublin typically infect?

A

cattle, but it can infect humans and other species

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23
Q

Generally, what disease does S. dublin cause?

A

acute septicemia and enteritis

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24
Q

In adult cattle, what does S. dublin cause?

A

hemorrhagic enterocolitis

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25
Q

What is Salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum and biovar pullorum host-restricted to?

A

avians

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26
Q

What disease does Salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum cause?

A

pullorum disease

27
Q

What is pullorum disease?

A

bacillary white diarrhea

28
Q

What does Salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum cause in young birds?

A

septicemia

29
Q

What does Salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum cause in adult chickens and turkeys?

A

fowl typhoid

30
Q

What disease does Salmonella anatum cause?

A

keel disease in ducklings

31
Q

What does Salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae cause and in what species?

A

acute septicemia and enteritis in turkeys

32
Q

What serovar of Salmonella is the most common cause of salmonellosis in all species of animals including humans?

A

Salmonella typhimurium

33
Q

In humans, how is Salmonella typhimurium transmitted?

A

through food

34
Q

What can Salmonella typhimurium cause in humans?

A

violent irritation of the intestine

35
Q

Salmonella Typhimurium may be associated with porcine _____ _____.

A

rectal strictures

36
Q

What is significant about the DT 104 strain of Salmonella typhimurium

A

it carries a cassette of genes that encode for resistance to five classes of antimicrobials

37
Q

What serovar of Salmonella is currently the most common cause of salmonellosis in swine and is also found in calves and horses?

A

Salmonella 1, 4, [5], 12:i:-

38
Q

What is Salmonella 1, 4, [5], 12:i:- resistant to?

A

ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfas, and tetracycline

39
Q

In what industry has Salmonella enteritidis been a problem for?

A

the egg industry

40
Q

Where does Salmonella enteritidis localize?

A

in the ova of infected birds - especially those that are clinically ill

41
Q

What happens to humans if they eat uncooked or partially cooked eggs from birds that are clinically ill with Salmonella enteritidis?

A

they can develop severe enteritis

42
Q

What are Salmonella’s mechanisms of pathogenicity?

A
  1. adherence to host epithelial cells and colonization of the intestine. 2. injection of bacterial proteins 3. rearrangement of actin 4. formation of a ruffle 5. invasion of the intestinal epithial cell. 6. exit the basal side fo the cell to invade the submucosa or lamina propria 7. may spread to the bloodstream, liver, gall bladder, spleen, lungs, ect. 8. acute death usually due to endotoxemia
43
Q

What is the role of normal flora against salmonella?

A

to occupy receptor sites in the lower small intestine and colon and to produce volatile fatty acids that inhibit the growth of salmonella

44
Q

How do rumen protozoa affect salmonella tuphimurium?

A

they can ingest it and make it more pathogenic

45
Q

How is Salmonella diagnosed?

A

culture feces (in the case of enteritis) or liver, lungs and spleen (in septicemia cases), and PCR

46
Q

What is serogrouping based on?

A

O antigens

47
Q

What is serotyping base on?

A

the H antigen

48
Q

What are the different antigens present in Salmonella species?

A

Vi or capsular antigen, O antigen, and H antigen

49
Q

What Salmonella organism has the Vi or capsular antigen?

A

Salmonella typhi

50
Q

What O antigens does Salmonella group B have (what numerals)?

A

1, 4, and 12

51
Q

What O antigens does Salmonella group C have (what numerals)?

A

6 and 7

52
Q

What is monophasic?

A

the serotype either makes phase 1 or phase 2 flagellans

53
Q

What is diphasic?

A

the serotype makes both phase 1 and phase 2 flagellans

54
Q

Serovars that make no flagellans are ________ in mammals.

A

avirulent

55
Q

What is a Salmonella organism that has monophasic and diphasic varients?

A

Salmonella typhimiurium

56
Q

What is a Salmonella organism that lacks phase 2 flagella?

A

4, [5], 12:i:-

57
Q

What immunity does Salmonella induce?

A

cell mediated immunity

58
Q

What Salmonella vaccine is available for use in animals?

A

siderophore receptor protein vaccine (SRP)

59
Q

What is the function of the SRP vaccine?

A

it stimuates the production of antibody against siderophore receptor proteins of a variety of Salmonella serotypes

60
Q

What swine live avirulent vaccine is available on the market (i.e. for what serovar)?

A

the one for Salmonella choleraesuis

61
Q

Is there a vaccine for typhoid fever?

A

yes - Ty21a

62
Q

In domestinc animals what is the most important ‘treatment’ for salmonella?

A

sanitation and management practices (decreaseing stress such as crowding)

63
Q

Is the use of antibiotics recommended for treating Salmonella?

A

No because if you choose the wrong one there could be adverse effects to your normal flora and they could develop more carriers

Microbiology (50 decks)

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