Salmonella Flashcards
Is salmonella urease positive or negative?
negative
Is Salmonella H2S positive or negative?
positive
Does Salmonella ferment lactose?
no
Is Salmonella LDC positive or negative?
positive
Is salmonella indole positive or negative?
negative
How is Salmonella typically transmitted?
fecal-oral, feed transmission, and possible respiratory
Generally, what disease processes are caused by salmonella?
enteritis, septicemia, or both
What are the general type of serotypes of salmonella?
non host-adapted, host-adapted, host-restricted, and non pathogenic
What Salmonella serovar are host restricted?
Salmonella typhi, Salmonella choleraesuis var Kuzendorf, Salmonella gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum
What Salmonella serovar are host adapted?
Salmonella typhi, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella dublin, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella gallinarum, Salmonella anatum, Salmonella arizonae
What does Salmonella typhi cause in humans?
typhoid fever
What does typhoid fever cause?
enteric fever with septicemia,hyperplasia, and necrosis of the lymphoid tissue, spleen, liver, and infection of the gall bladder
What is the characteristic (pathognomonic)lesion of typhoid fever?
typhoid nodule
Typhoid is mostly a _________ infection in the developing world.
water-borne
In countries with access to sanitation of water, what is the common cause for a typhoid outbreak?
food borne and are associated with the presence of a single carrier that contaminates the food
In the human population what are chronic carriers of typhoid fever?
older women with gallbladder disease or gall stones
What clinical signs are associated with typhoid fever?
fever, malaise, and general aches and pain
What species does S. choleraesuis infect?
swine, humans, and other hosts
What species does S. choleraesuis var Kuzendorf infect?
swine
What disease does S. choleraesuis cause?
septicemic disease in which microbes can reside in the lungs, bone, brain, and heart
In swine specifically, what is S. choleraesuis associated with?
respiratory disease and button ulcers
What species does S. dublin typically infect?
cattle, but it can infect humans and other species
Generally, what disease does S. dublin cause?
acute septicemia and enteritis
In adult cattle, what does S. dublin cause?
hemorrhagic enterocolitis
What is Salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum and biovar pullorum host-restricted to?
avians
What disease does Salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum cause?
pullorum disease
What is pullorum disease?
bacillary white diarrhea
What does Salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum cause in young birds?
septicemia
What does Salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum cause in adult chickens and turkeys?
fowl typhoid
What disease does Salmonella anatum cause?
keel disease in ducklings
What does Salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae cause and in what species?
acute septicemia and enteritis in turkeys
What serovar of Salmonella is the most common cause of salmonellosis in all species of animals including humans?
Salmonella typhimurium
In humans, how is Salmonella typhimurium transmitted?
through food
What can Salmonella typhimurium cause in humans?
violent irritation of the intestine
Salmonella Typhimurium may be associated with porcine _____ _____.
rectal strictures
What is significant about the DT 104 strain of Salmonella typhimurium
it carries a cassette of genes that encode for resistance to five classes of antimicrobials
What serovar of Salmonella is currently the most common cause of salmonellosis in swine and is also found in calves and horses?
Salmonella 1, 4, [5], 12:i:-
What is Salmonella 1, 4, [5], 12:i:- resistant to?
ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfas, and tetracycline
In what industry has Salmonella enteritidis been a problem for?
the egg industry
Where does Salmonella enteritidis localize?
in the ova of infected birds - especially those that are clinically ill
What happens to humans if they eat uncooked or partially cooked eggs from birds that are clinically ill with Salmonella enteritidis?
they can develop severe enteritis
What are Salmonella’s mechanisms of pathogenicity?
- adherence to host epithelial cells and colonization of the intestine. 2. injection of bacterial proteins 3. rearrangement of actin 4. formation of a ruffle 5. invasion of the intestinal epithial cell. 6. exit the basal side fo the cell to invade the submucosa or lamina propria 7. may spread to the bloodstream, liver, gall bladder, spleen, lungs, ect. 8. acute death usually due to endotoxemia
What is the role of normal flora against salmonella?
to occupy receptor sites in the lower small intestine and colon and to produce volatile fatty acids that inhibit the growth of salmonella
How do rumen protozoa affect salmonella tuphimurium?
they can ingest it and make it more pathogenic
How is Salmonella diagnosed?
culture feces (in the case of enteritis) or liver, lungs and spleen (in septicemia cases), and PCR
What is serogrouping based on?
O antigens
What is serotyping base on?
the H antigen
What are the different antigens present in Salmonella species?
Vi or capsular antigen, O antigen, and H antigen
What Salmonella organism has the Vi or capsular antigen?
Salmonella typhi
What O antigens does Salmonella group B have (what numerals)?
1, 4, and 12
What O antigens does Salmonella group C have (what numerals)?
6 and 7
What is monophasic?
the serotype either makes phase 1 or phase 2 flagellans
What is diphasic?
the serotype makes both phase 1 and phase 2 flagellans
Serovars that make no flagellans are ________ in mammals.
avirulent
What is a Salmonella organism that has monophasic and diphasic varients?
Salmonella typhimiurium
What is a Salmonella organism that lacks phase 2 flagella?
4, [5], 12:i:-
What immunity does Salmonella induce?
cell mediated immunity
What Salmonella vaccine is available for use in animals?
siderophore receptor protein vaccine (SRP)
What is the function of the SRP vaccine?
it stimuates the production of antibody against siderophore receptor proteins of a variety of Salmonella serotypes
What swine live avirulent vaccine is available on the market (i.e. for what serovar)?
the one for Salmonella choleraesuis
Is there a vaccine for typhoid fever?
yes - Ty21a
In domestinc animals what is the most important ‘treatment’ for salmonella?
sanitation and management practices (decreaseing stress such as crowding)
Is the use of antibiotics recommended for treating Salmonella?
No because if you choose the wrong one there could be adverse effects to your normal flora and they could develop more carriers
