Salmonella

Question 1

Is salmonella urease positive or negative?

Answer 1

negative

Question 2

Is Salmonella H2S positive or negative?

Answer 2

positive

Question 3

Does Salmonella ferment lactose?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

Is Salmonella LDC positive or negative?

Answer 4

positive

Question 5

Is salmonella indole positive or negative?

Answer 5

negative

Question 6

How is Salmonella typically transmitted?

Answer 6

fecal-oral, feed transmission, and possible respiratory

Question 7

Generally, what disease processes are caused by salmonella?

Answer 7

enteritis, septicemia, or both

Question 8

What are the general type of serotypes of salmonella?

Answer 8

non host-adapted, host-adapted, host-restricted, and non pathogenic

Question 9

What Salmonella serovar are host restricted?

Answer 9

Salmonella typhi, Salmonella choleraesuis var Kuzendorf, Salmonella gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum

Question 10

What Salmonella serovar are host adapted?

Answer 10

Salmonella typhi, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella dublin, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella gallinarum, Salmonella anatum, Salmonella arizonae

Question 11

What does Salmonella typhi cause in humans?

Answer 11

typhoid fever

Question 12

What does typhoid fever cause?

Answer 12

enteric fever with septicemia,hyperplasia, and necrosis of the lymphoid tissue, spleen, liver, and infection of the gall bladder

Question 13

What is the characteristic (pathognomonic)lesion of typhoid fever?

Answer 13

typhoid nodule

Question 14

Typhoid is mostly a _________ infection in the developing world.

Answer 14

water-borne

Question 15

In countries with access to sanitation of water, what is the common cause for a typhoid outbreak?

Answer 15

food borne and are associated with the presence of a single carrier that contaminates the food

Question 16

In the human population what are chronic carriers of typhoid fever?

Answer 16

older women with gallbladder disease or gall stones

Question 17

What clinical signs are associated with typhoid fever?

Answer 17

fever, malaise, and general aches and pain

Question 18

What species does S. choleraesuis infect?

Answer 18

swine, humans, and other hosts

Question 19

What species does S. choleraesuis var Kuzendorf infect?

Answer 19

swine

Question 20

What disease does S. choleraesuis cause?

Answer 20

septicemic disease in which microbes can reside in the lungs, bone, brain, and heart

Question 21

In swine specifically, what is S. choleraesuis associated with?

Answer 21

respiratory disease and button ulcers

Question 22

What species does S. dublin typically infect?

Answer 22

cattle, but it can infect humans and other species

Question 23

Generally, what disease does S. dublin cause?

Answer 23

acute septicemia and enteritis

Question 24

In adult cattle, what does S. dublin cause?

Answer 24

hemorrhagic enterocolitis

Question 25

What is Salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum and biovar pullorum host-restricted to?

Answer 25

avians

Question 26

What disease does Salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum cause?

Answer 26

pullorum disease

Question 27

What is pullorum disease?

Answer 27

bacillary white diarrhea

Question 28

What does Salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum cause in young birds?

Answer 28

septicemia

Question 29

What does Salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum cause in adult chickens and turkeys?

Answer 29

fowl typhoid

Question 30

What disease does Salmonella anatum cause?

Answer 30

keel disease in ducklings

Question 31

What does Salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae cause and in what species?

Answer 31

acute septicemia and enteritis in turkeys

Question 32

What serovar of Salmonella is the most common cause of salmonellosis in all species of animals including humans?

Answer 32

Salmonella typhimurium

Question 33

In humans, how is Salmonella typhimurium transmitted?

Answer 33

through food

Question 34

What can Salmonella typhimurium cause in humans?

Answer 34

violent irritation of the intestine

Question 35

Salmonella Typhimurium may be associated with porcine _____ _____.

Answer 35

rectal strictures

Question 36

What is significant about the DT 104 strain of Salmonella typhimurium

Answer 36

it carries a cassette of genes that encode for resistance to five classes of antimicrobials

Question 37

What serovar of Salmonella is currently the most common cause of salmonellosis in swine and is also found in calves and horses?

Answer 37

Salmonella 1, 4, [5], 12:i:-

Question 38

What is Salmonella 1, 4, [5], 12:i:- resistant to?

Answer 38

ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfas, and tetracycline

Question 39

In what industry has Salmonella enteritidis been a problem for?

Answer 39

the egg industry

Question 40

Where does Salmonella enteritidis localize?

Answer 40

in the ova of infected birds - especially those that are clinically ill

Question 41

What happens to humans if they eat uncooked or partially cooked eggs from birds that are clinically ill with Salmonella enteritidis?

Answer 41

they can develop severe enteritis

Question 42

What are Salmonella's mechanisms of pathogenicity?

Answer 42

1. adherence to host epithelial cells and colonization of the intestine. 2. injection of bacterial proteins 3. rearrangement of actin 4. formation of a ruffle 5. invasion of the intestinal epithial cell. 6. exit the basal side fo the cell to invade the submucosa or lamina propria 7. may spread to the bloodstream, liver, gall bladder, spleen, lungs, ect. 8. acute death usually due to endotoxemia

Question 43

What is the role of normal flora against salmonella?

Answer 43

to occupy receptor sites in the lower small intestine and colon and to produce volatile fatty acids that inhibit the growth of salmonella

Question 44

How do rumen protozoa affect salmonella tuphimurium?

Answer 44

they can ingest it and make it more pathogenic

Question 45

How is Salmonella diagnosed?

Answer 45

culture feces (in the case of enteritis) or liver, lungs and spleen (in septicemia cases), and PCR

Question 46

What is serogrouping based on?

Answer 46

O antigens

Question 47

What is serotyping base on?

Answer 47

the H antigen

Question 48

What are the different antigens present in Salmonella species?

Answer 48

Vi or capsular antigen, O antigen, and H antigen

Question 49

What Salmonella organism has the Vi or capsular antigen?

Answer 49

Salmonella typhi

Question 50

What O antigens does Salmonella group B have (what numerals)?

Answer 50

1, 4, and 12

Question 51

What O antigens does Salmonella group C have (what numerals)?

Answer 51

6 and 7

Question 52

What is monophasic?

Answer 52

the serotype either makes phase 1 or phase 2 flagellans

Question 53

What is diphasic?

Answer 53

the serotype makes both phase 1 and phase 2 flagellans

Question 54

Serovars that make no flagellans are ________ in mammals.

Answer 54

avirulent

Question 55

What is a Salmonella organism that has monophasic and diphasic varients?

Answer 55

Salmonella typhimiurium

Question 56

What is a Salmonella organism that lacks phase 2 flagella?

Answer 56

4, [5], 12:i:-

Question 57

What immunity does Salmonella induce?

Answer 57

cell mediated immunity

Question 58

What Salmonella vaccine is available for use in animals?

Answer 58

siderophore receptor protein vaccine (SRP)

Question 59

What is the function of the SRP vaccine?

Answer 59

it stimuates the production of antibody against siderophore receptor proteins of a variety of Salmonella serotypes

Question 60

What swine live avirulent vaccine is available on the market (i.e. for what serovar)?

Answer 60

the one for Salmonella choleraesuis

Question 61

Is there a vaccine for typhoid fever?

Answer 61

yes - Ty21a

Question 62

In domestinc animals what is the most important 'treatment' for salmonella?

Answer 62

sanitation and management practices (decreaseing stress such as crowding)

Question 63

Is the use of antibiotics recommended for treating Salmonella?

Answer 63

No because if you choose the wrong one there could be adverse effects to your normal flora and they could develop more carriers