Type 2 diabetes facts

Question 1

sulfonylureas MOA

Answer 1

Bind of sulfonylurea subunit of K+ ATP channel inhibiting efflux causing depol increasing Ca+ and releasing insulin

Question 2

Non-sulfonylurea secretagogues MOA

Answer 2

Bind to different site on K+ channel and more selective for beta K+ than cardiac K+

Question 3

alpha-glycosidase

Answer 3

enzyme that breaks down disaccharides to monosaccharides

Question 4

Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma

Answer 4

expressed in adipose tissue and stimulates storage of fatty acids

Question 5

Metformin MOA

Answer 5

-adenosine 5’monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) an energy mediator
-inhibit glucagon action in liver
-decrease renal glucose production

Question 6

SGLT2

Answer 6

-Channel in the kidney to reabsorb glucose, blockage reduces blood glucose
-inhibit 50-60% of reabsorption in kidneys SGLT1 makes up for blockage
-Expressed in kidney and alpha cells

Question 7

SGLT1

Answer 7

-expressed in the kidney, heart and small intestine where it can enhance incretin hormone

Question 8

incretin effect

Answer 8

an equal dose of oral glucose causes much more insulin release than IV glucose

Question 9

GLP-1

Answer 9

-Glucose dependent insulin release
-decreased glucagon
-inhibits gastric emptying
-inhibits appetite
-Degraded by DPP-4

Question 10

GLP-1 incretin effect

Answer 10

is glucose dependent lowering the chance for hypoglycaemia

Question 11

DPP-4

Answer 11

dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 breaks down GLP-1, can give DPP-4 resistance GLP-1