Rena failure facts

Question 1

AT-1 receptor

Answer 1

Angiotensin 2 receptor in SMC which can cause vasoconstriction

Question 2

Diuretics in renal failure

Answer 2

reduce extracellular fluid levels and decrease BP
Used to treat the edema

Question 3

EPO release

Answer 3

stimulated and released from kidneys due to hypoxia

Question 4

EPO receptor

Answer 4

binds to committed erythroid progenitor cells, uses tyrosine kinases to reduce apoptosis and increase proliferation via JAK2

Question 5

Hyperphosphatemia

Answer 5

High phosphates >1.46mM
is the hallmark of kidney disease

Question 6

Hyperkalemia

Answer 6

Standard >5.5mM
mild 5.5-5.9
moderate 6.0-6.4
severe >6.5

Question 7

Sorbitol

Answer 7

Used together with cation exchange resins to prevent constipation but can cause GI upsets

Question 8

V1 receptor

Answer 8

Found on SM causing vasoconstriction

Question 9

V2 receptor

Answer 9

Found in collecting ducts, open aquaporins to absorb water

Question 10

M3 receptor

Answer 10

found in bladder with all other mAChRs but this one controls the muscle to contract when activated

Question 11

Beta 3

Answer 11

found in the bladder and induces relaxation when activated