Tumour Pathology 3

Question 1

<p>What are local effects of benign tumours?</p>

Answer 1

<p>Pressure</p>

<p>Obstruction</p>

Question 2

<p>What are local effects of malignant tumours?</p>

Answer 2

<p>Pressure</p>

<p>Obstruction</p>

<p>Tissue destruction</p>

<p>Bleeding</p>

<p>Pain</p>

<p>Effects on treatment</p>

Question 3

<p>What tissue destruction may malignant tumours cause?</p>

Answer 3

<p>Ulceration</p>

<p>Infection</p>

Question 4

<p>What bleeding may malignant tumours cause?</p>

Answer 4

<p>Anaemia</p>

<p>Haemorrhage</p>

Question 5

<p>What pain may malignant tumours cause?</p>

Answer 5

<p>Pressure on nerves</p>

<p>Perineural infiltration</p>

<p>Bone pain from pathological fractures</p>

Question 6

<p>What are systematic effects of malignant tumours?</p>

Answer 6

<p>Weight loss</p>

<p>Secretion of hormones</p>

<p>Paraneoplastic syndromes (altered immune response to a neoplasm)</p>

<p>Effects of treatment</p>

Question 7

<p>What are the possible kinds of hormone secretion due to a malignant tumour?</p>

Answer 7

<p>Normal</p>

<p>Abnormal/inappropiate</p>

<p></p>

Question 8

<p>What is normal horome secretion due to a malignant tumour?</p>

Answer 8

<p>Normal hormones are produced but abnormal control</p>

Question 9

<p>What is abnormal hormone secretion due to a malignant tumour?</p>

Answer 9

<p>Produced by a tumour from an organ that does not normally produce that hormone</p>

Question 10

<p>What is an example of a cancer producing abnormal hormones?</p>

Answer 10

<p>Lung cancer producing ACTH and ADH</p>

Question 11

<p>What are paraneoplastic syndromes?</p>

Answer 11

<p>Ones that cannot be explained by local or metastasis effects, such as neuropathy (damge to peripheral nerves) or myopathy (disease in muscles where fibres do not function properly)</p>

Question 12

<p>What is neopathy?</p>

Answer 12

<p>Damage to peripheral nerves</p>

Question 13

<p>What is myopathy?</p>

Answer 13

<p>Disease in the muscle where fibres do not function properly</p>

Question 14

<p>What does detecting cancer at an early stage do?</p>

Answer 14

<p>Reduces mortility</p>

Question 15

<p>What is detected to detect cancer at an early stage?</p>

Answer 15

<p>Dysplasia</p>

<p>Intraepithelial neoplasia</p>

Question 16

<p>What is dysplasia?</p>

Answer 16

<p>Abnormal development of growth and differentiation</p>

Question 17

<p>What is intraepithelial neoplasia?</p>

Answer 17

<p>Development of benign neoplasia or high grade dysplasia in an epithelium</p>

Question 18

<p>What are properties of dysplasia?</p>

Answer 18

<p>Pre-malignant change</p>

<p>Identified in epithelium</p>

<p>No invasion</p>

<p>Can progress to cancer so patient needs to be monitored</p>

<p>May be high or low grade</p>

Question 19

<p>What could features of a dysplasia be?</p>

Answer 19

<p>Increased nuclear size</p>

<p>Increased metabolic activity</p>

<p>Abnormal mitosis</p>

Question 20

<p>What does the early detection of cancer require?</p>

Answer 20

<p>Effective screening</p>

Question 21

<p>What must effective screening be?</p>

Answer 21

<p>Specific</p>

<p>Acceptable</p>

Question 22

<p>What are the 3 NHS screening programs?</p>

Answer 22

<p>Breast</p>

<p>Cervical</p>

<p>Colon</p>