Mendelian Inheritance Flashcards
<p>What does a normal chromosome consist of?</p>
<p>Centromere</p>
<p>P arm</p>
<p>Q arm</p>
<p>What do mutations in genes do?</p>
<p>Alter the structure of the protein produced so change the function due to incorrect amino acid</p>
<p>What is an example of a disease associated mutation?</p>
<p>Sickle cell disorder</p>
<p>What kinds of inheritance does sickle cell disorder show?</p>
<p>Recessive</p>
<p>What is sickle cell disorder caused by?</p>
<p>Single mutation in one gene</p>
<p>What is a pedigree chart?</p>
<p>A family history that can show inheritance of mutations where:</p>
<p></p>
<p>Boys are shown as squares</p>
<p>Girls are shown as circles</p>
<p>Affected are coloured in</p>
<p>What are boys shown as in a pedigree chart?</p>
<p>Squares</p>
<p>What are girls shown as in a pedigree chart?</p>
<p>Circles</p>
<p>What are people who are affected shown as in a pedigree chart?</p>
<p>Coloured in</p>
<p>What can children be in a pedigree chart?</p>
<p>Unaffected</p>
<p>Carrier</p>
<p>Affected</p>
<p>What is used to determine the risk of a child inheriting a disorder?</p>
<p>Punnet square</p>
<p>What is recessive and what is dominant in a punnet square?</p>
<p>Lowercase is recessive</p>
<p>Uppercase is dominant</p>
<p>What can some kinds of recessive inheritance give?</p>
<p>A mildversion of the disease (carrier shows mild symptoms)</p>
<p>What is cystic fibrosis caused by?</p>
<p>A single gene mutation</p>
<p>How many kinds of mutations cause cystic fibrosis?</p>
<p>3000</p>
<p>How many people are a carrier of cystic fibrosis in the UK?</p>
<p>1/25</p>
<p>How many people are affected by cystic fibrosis in the UK?</p>
<p>1/2500</p>
<p>What kind of disorder is cystic fibrosis?</p>
<p>Autosomal recessive</p>
<p>What kind of disorder is achondroplasia?</p>
<p>Autosomal dominant disorder</p>
<p>What is achondroplasia?</p>
<p>Autosomal dominant disorder where long bones are shortened due to a mutation</p>
<p>What do you see in a pedigree chart of autosomal dominance?</p>
<p>Each child has a 50/50 change of inheriting the mutation</p>
<p>No skipped generations</p>
<p>Equally transmitted by men and woman</p>
<p>What kind of disorder is Huntington's disease?</p>
<p>Autosomal dominant</p>
<p>What is Huntington's disease?</p>
<p>Autosomal dominant disorder that is neuro-degenerative</p>
<p>What are some genetic disorders that are not autosomal?</p>
<p>Sex linked (X linked)</p>
What are properties of sex linked disorders?
Only males affected classically
Can skip generations
Unaffected woman and affected men can transmit the condition
No male to male transmission
What kind of disorder is Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Sex linked disorder
Multiple genes in the same molecular pathway can cause what?
The same mendelian disease
What are examples of disorders caused by many genes?
Long QT
ARVC
Cardiomyopathy
