How Nerves Work 1

Question 1

<p>What are the 3 sections of the nervous system?</p>

Answer 1

<p>Somatic (controls conscious actions)</p>

<p>Autonomic (controls unconcious action)</p>

<p>Enteric (controls the gut)</p>

Question 2

<p>What are some of the components of the brain?</p>

Answer 2

<p>Meninges (membrane covering the brain and spinal cord)</p>

<p>Gyrus (ridge on cerebral cortex)</p>

<p>Sulous (shallow goove surrounding gyrus)</p>

<p>Cerebellum (regulates motor movement)</p>

<p>Forebrain (cerebrum and diencephalon)</p>

<p>Brainstem (controls basic functions)</p>

<p>Corpus collosum (allows communication between each hemisphere of the brain)</p>

Question 3

<p>What are the 4 areas of the cerebrum?</p>

Answer 3

<p>Frontal lobe</p>

<p>Temporal lobe</p>

<p>Paricatal lobe</p>

<p>Occipital lobe</p>

Question 4

<p>What are the two areas of the diencephalon and what do they do?</p>

Answer 4

<p>Thalamus (relay motor/sensory signals to the cerebrum)</p>

<p>Hypothalamus (controls lots of proces for autonomic system like relasing hormones and regulating temperature)</p>

Question 5

<p>What is the purpose of the gyrus?</p>

Answer 5

<p>To fold the brain, increasing the surface area allowing more space for more neurones</p>

Question 6

<p>How many hemispheres are in the brain and what sides of the body do they control?</p>

Answer 6

<p>Two</p>

<p>The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body and the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body</p>

Question 7

What does a diagram of a brain look like?

Answer 7

Question 8

<p>What is the spinal cord?</p>

Answer 8

<p>Bundle of nervous tissue that sends information to and form the brain</p>

Question 9

<p>What is the spinal cord composed of?</p>

Answer 9

<p>31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 cranial nerves</p>

Question 10

<p>How are the spinal nerves split up?</p>

Answer 10

<p>8 cervical (neck, shoulders and arms)</p>

<p>12 tharacic (chest and abdoment)</p>

<p>5 lumbar (hips and legs)</p>

<p>5 sacral (genitial and gastrointestinal tract)</p>

<p>1 coccygeal</p>

Question 11

<p>Explain the consistency of the thickness of the spinal cord?</p>

Answer 11

<p>It is thicker in some areas than others, thicker in regions where a lot of information connects</p>

Question 12

<p>What is grey matter?</p>

Answer 12

<p>Where most cell bodies are</p>

Question 13

<p>What is white matter?</p>

Answer 13

<p>Where lots of myelin is (axons)</p>

Question 14

<p>Where is grey matter and white matter found?</p>

Answer 14

<p>Grey matter is found on the inside of the spinal cord and white matter on the outside</p>

Question 15

<p>What route does sensory information travel through?</p>

Answer 15

<p>The dorsel route</p>

Question 16

<p>What route does motor information travel through?</p>

Answer 16

<p>The vental route</p>

Question 17

<p>What are ganglion?</p>

Answer 17

<p>Group of cell bodies in the peripherial nervous system (PNS)</p>

Question 18

<p>Where does the brain send signals up and down the spinal cord?</p>

Answer 18

<p>The spinal tract</p>

Question 19

<p>What are the two components of the nervous system?</p>

Answer 19

<p>Central nervous system (CNS, brain and spinal cord)</p>

<p>Peripherial nervous system (PNS, nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord)</p>

Question 20

<p>What are nerves composed of?</p>

Answer 20

<p>Cell body, soma (contains nucleus, where proteins are made)</p>

<p>Dendrites (recieve information)</p>

<p>Initial segment, axon hillock (triggers action potential)</p>

<p>Axon (sends axon potential)</p>

<p>Axon presynaptic terminal (releases neurotransmitter)</p>

Question 21

<p>What are the 3 types of neurones?</p>

Answer 21

<p>Afferent (sensory)</p>

<p>Inter</p>

<p>Efferent (motor)</p>

Question 22

<p>What does the blood brain barrier do?</p>

Answer 22

<p>Stops the ion concentration in the blood affecting the ECF around the brain</p>

Question 23

<p>How much of the CNS do glia cells comprise of?</p>

Answer 23

<p>90%</p>

Question 24

<p>What are the three types of glia cells?</p>

Answer 24

<p>Astrocytes</p>

<p>Oligodendrocytes</p>

<p>Micraglia</p>

Question 25

<p>What are the functions of astrocytes?</p>

Answer 25

<p>Maintains external environment for neurons</p>

<p>Surrounds blood vessels and produces the blood brian barrier</p>

Question 26

<p>What is the function of oligodendrocytes?</p>

Answer 26

<p>Form myelin sheath in the CNS</p>

Question 27

<p>What is the function of micraglia?</p>

Answer 27

<p>Phagocytic hoovers mopping up infection</p>