Tumour Pathology 1 Flashcards
<p>What is a tumour?</p>
<p>Abnormal growing mass of tissue</p>
<p>What are the properties of the growth of a tumour?</p>
<p>Growth is uncoordinated with that of surrounding normal tissue</p>
<p>Growth continues after the removal of any stimulis which may have caused the tumour</p>
<p>Irreversible change</p>
<p>What are the two types of tumours?</p>
<p>Beneign</p>
<p>Malignant (also known as a cancer)</p>
<p>What is a fundamental property of cancer?</p>
<p>Its ability to invade into adjacent tissues and to metastasis (spread) and grow at other sites within the body</p>
<p>What is metastasis?</p>
<p>Spreading of a tumour</p>
<p>What is cancer caused by (vaugly)?</p>
<p>Genetics</p>
<p>Environment</p>
<p>What are the top 5 cancers in men?</p>
<p>1) Prostate</p>
<p>2) Lung</p>
<p>3) Colon</p>
<p>4) Kidney</p>
<p>5) Melanoma</p>
<p>What are the top 5 cancers in woman?</p>
<p>1) Breast</p>
<p>2) Lung</p>
<p>3) Colon</p>
<p>4) Uterus</p>
<p>5) Melanoma</p>
What are the top 5 cancers in both men and woman?
Male :
- Prostate Cancer = 27%
- Lung Cancer = 13%
- Bowel Cancer = 12%
- Head & Neck Cancer
- Kidney Cancer
Female :
- Breast Cancer = 30%
- Lung Cancer = 13%
- Bowel Cancer = 10%
- Uterus
- Melanoma Skin Cancer
What is the 5 year survival rate like for cancers?
<p>Why is it important to classify tumours?</p>
<p>Understanding tumour behaviour</p>
<p>Determining the prognosis (outcome) and selecting therapy</p>
<p>What is the classification of a tumour based on?</p>
<p>Tissue of origin</p>
<p>Benign or malignant</p>
<p>What are some origin tissues for tumours?</p>
<p>Epithelium</p>
<p>Connective tissue</p>
<p>Blood cells</p>
<p>Lymphoid tissue</p>
<p>Melanocytes</p>
<p>Neural tissues</p>
<p>Germ cells</p>
<p>What are benign and maligant glandular epithelium tumours called?</p>
<p>Benign are called adenoma</p>
<p>Malignant is called adeno-carcinoma</p>
<p>What are benign and malignant squamous tumours called?</p>
<p>Benign are called squamous papilloma</p>
<p>Malignant are called squamous carcinoma</p>
<p>What are some connective tissues that a tumour can arise in?</p>
<p>Bone</p>
<p>Fat</p>
<p>Fibrous tissue</p>
<p>What are beneign and maligant bone tumours called?</p>
<p>Benign are called osteoma</p>
<p>Malignant are called osteo-sarcoma</p>
<p>What are benign and malignant fat tumours called?</p>
<p>Benign are called lipoma</p>
<p>Malignant are called lip-sarcoma</p>
<p>What are beneign and malignant fibrous tissue tumours called?</p>
<p>Benign are called fibroma</p>
<p>Malignant are called fibro-sarcoma</p>
<p>What are benign and malignant blood tumours called?</p>
<p>There are no benign blood tumours</p>
<p>Malignant blood tumours are called leukaemia</p>
<p>What are benign and malignant lymphoid tissue tumours called?</p>
<p>There are no benign lymphoid tissue tumours</p>
<p>Malignant are called lymphoma</p>
<p>What are benign and malignant melanocyte tumours are?</p>
<p>Benign are called naevus</p>
<p>Malignant are called melanoma</p>
<p>What are neural tissue tumours called?</p>
<p>Astrocytoma (CNS)</p>
<p>Schwannoma (PNS)</p>
<p>What are germ cell tumours called?</p>
<p>Teratomas</p>
What kind of tumour are testicular normally?
Malignant
What kind of tumour are ovaries normally?
Benign
What are teratomas usually composed of?
Various tissues
What are features in both benign and malignant tumours?
Growth pattern
Presence of capsule
Invasion
Presence of metastasis
Differentiation
Appearance of tumour cell
Function
Behaviour
What are features of benign tumours?
Non-invasive growth pattern
Usually encapsulated
No evidence of invastion
No metastasis
Cells similar to normal
Well differentiated
Function similar to normal tissue
Rarely cause death
What are features of malignant tumours?
Invasive growth pattern
No capsule or capsule breached by tumour cell
Cells abnormal
Poorly differentiated
Loss of normal function
Evidence of spread of cancer
Frequently cause death
What kind of growth pattern do benign tumours have compared to malignant?
Benign has non-invasive
Malignant has invasive
What is the differentiation like in benign tumours compared to maligant?
Benign are well differentiated
Malignant are poorly differentiated
What is the capsule of benign tumours compared to malignant?
Benign are usually encapsulated
Malignant have no capsule or it is breached
What is metastasis like in benign tumours compared to malignant?
Benign has no metastasis
Malignant has metastasis
What is the function like of benign tumours compared to malignant tumours?
Benign function is similar to normal
Malignant tumours have lost function
