Autonomic Physiology 1 Flashcards
What does the autonomic nervous system control?
The things you don’t want to think about, Smooth muscle surrounding blood vessels,Secretions from glandsFocusing of the eyeGI neurones
What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
SympatheticParasympatheticEnteric
Describe the myelination in pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic fibres in the autonomic nervous system?
Pre-ganglionic fibre is small myelinated, post- ganglionic fibre is unmyelinated
Describe the receptors in the NMJ versus the ANS?
NMJ is ionotropic meaning they are ion channelsANS is metabotropic meaning they are G-protein receptors
Where do the nerves in the sympathetic nervous system leave the spine?
Thoracic and the lumbar region.
Where do the ganglia lie in the sympathetic nervous system?
Paravertebral ganglia lie in the sympathetic trunk which is close to the spinal cord.Prevertebral ganglia lie in the collateral gangliaSo trunk = paravertebral, anything else = prevertebral
What type of information does the ventral horn carry|?
neurons send fibres to the skeletal muscles, causing muscle contraction
What type of information does the dorsal horn carry?
Receive sensory information from all around the body
White ramus is what kind of ganglionic fibre and why?
Pre - ganglionic, because of the myelination
What are the relevant neurotransmitters and receptors for the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system?
Sympathetic = noradrenaline and adrenaline - acts on adrenergic receptors alpha and betaParasympathetic nervous system = Acetylcholine - acts on cholinergenic receptors - muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
What is the grey matter made up of?
Cell bodies of the axons
What is white matter made up of?
Axons linking the different parts of grey matter together
Define ganglioin
A structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fibre.
How do preganglionic fibres in the sympathetic nervous system work?
Release acetylcholine acting on nicotinic cholinergic receptors
How do postganglionic fibres in the sympathetic nervous system work?
Release noradrenaline which acts on alpha and beta receptors
Describe the structure of the postganglionic cells of the adrenal medulla
No axon, instead noradrenaline (80%) and adrenaline (20%) is released into the blood.
What is the adrenal medulla?
The central portion of the adrenal gland, secretes noradrenaline and adrenaline
Where do nerves leave the spine in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Cranial and sacral regions of the spine
Where do the ganglia lie in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Close to the target
What do preganglionic and postganglionic receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system respond to?
Preganglionic = acetylcholine - nicotinic receptorsPostganglionic = acetylcholine - muscarinic receptors
How are sweat glands innervated?
Sympathetic cholinergenic fibers
What class of neurotransmitters are NO and peptides?
Nonchollinergenic and nonadregenic receptors
