Pathogens & Host - Immunity

Question 1

What type of phagocytic cell is acute - short lived?

Answer 1

Polymorphs

Question 2

What type of phagocytic cell is chronic - long lived?

Answer 2

Macrophages

Question 3

Where can you find fixed macrophages?

Answer 3

Liver, spleen, lymph nodes

Question 4

What are the three types of polymorphs?

Answer 4

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Question 5

What type of organisms are resistant to intracellular killing?

Answer 5

Capsulate organisms

Question 6

The spleen clears the blood, what does the liver clear?

Answer 6

Entero-hepatic circulation

Question 7

Do phagocytes have receptors for antibodies and complement?

Answer 7

Yes both, used in opsonisation

Question 8

What immunoglobulin is responsible for the primary response?

Answer 8

IgM

Question 9

What immunoglobulin is responsible for the secondary response?

Answer 9

IgG

Question 10

What immunoglobulin is responsible for mucosal activity?

Answer 10

IgA

Question 11

What immunoglobulin is responsible for allergic response?

Answer 11

IgE

Question 12

What is an immunoglobulin?

Answer 12

A protein with antibody activity

Question 13

What is another word for effector B cells that produce antibodies?

Answer 13

Plasma Cells

Question 14

What is the effect of the activation of the helper T cell on the B cell?

Answer 14

Causes the B cell to differentiate into memory cells and effector B cells (plasma cells)

Question 15

What triggers compliment?

Answer 15

Antibody - IgG or IgM only and its specific antigen

Question 16

How are antobodies useful in fighting an infection?

Answer 16

Neutralises bacterial toxins (tetanus), viruses in viraemic stage, prevents adherence of microorganisms, opsonises capsulate organisms

Useful means of diagnosis

Question 17

What type of organism can compliment lyse?

Answer 17

Gram negative organisms

Question 18

How can complement attract polymorphs?

Answer 18

Complement cascade by-products are chemotactic

Question 19

What are the different aspects of humoral immunity?

Answer 19

Mediated by macromolecules found in the extracellular fluids

• including antibodies and compliment
• usually responds to bacterial infection
• causes inflammation

Question 20

How do macrophages stimulate T cells?

Answer 20

They are antigen presenting cells

Question 21

Which T cells are responsible for cytokine release?

Answer 21

Helper T cells

Question 22

What do CD4 Th2 cells control?

Answer 22

B cell antibody response

Question 23

Give an example of a bacteria that is capable of resisting intracellular killing

Answer 23

Mycobacterium tuberculosis