Acute Inflammation 1

Question 1

<p>What is acute inflammation?</p>

Answer 1

<p>A fundamental response maintaining the integrity of an organism</p>

<p>A series of protective changes occuring in living tissue as a response to injury</p>

Question 2

<p>What are signs of acute inflammation?</p>

Answer 2

<p>Redness</p>

<p>Heat</p>

<p>Swelling</p>

<p>Pain</p>

<p>Loss of function</p>

Question 3

<p>What are possible aetiology (causes) of acute inflammation?</p>

Answer 3

<p>Microorganisms</p>

<p>Mechanical (trauma to tissue)</p>

<p>Chemical (acid or alkali)</p>

<p>Physical (extreme heat, cold or ionisation)</p>

<p>Dead tissue</p>

<p>Hypersensitivity</p>

Question 4

<p>Where does acute inflammation happen?</p>

Answer 4

<p>Localised to affected tissue</p>

Question 5

<p>What is the process of acute inflammation?</p>

Answer 5

<p>Series of microscoping changes that take place in the circulation</p>

Question 6

<p>What is the microcirculation composed of?</p>

Answer 6

<p>Capillary beds (fed by arterioles and drained by venules)</p>

<p>Extracellular space and fluid</p>

<p>Lymphatic channels and drainage</p>

Question 7

<p>What does the flux of fluids across the microcirculation depend on?</p>

Answer 7

<p>The difference in pressure in and out pulling the fluid in opposite directions (hydrostatic and cologenic pressures)</p>

Question 8

<p>What does acute inflammation lead to in the microcirculation?</p>

Answer 8

<p>Changes in vessel radias (flow)</p>

<p>Changes in permeability of the vessel wall (exudation)</p>

<p>Movement of neutrophils from the vessel to the extracellular space</p>

Question 9

<p>What are the changes in vessel flow known as?</p>

Answer 9

<p>Triple response</p>

Question 10

<p>What is the process of the triple response?</p>

Answer 10

<p>1) Temporary arteriolar constriction (protective)</p>

<p>2) Local arteriolar dilation (active hyperaemia)</p>

<p>3) Relaxation of vessel smooth muscle</p>

Question 11

<p>What is flow proportional to?</p>

Answer 11

<p>Radias to the power of 4</p>

Question 12

<p>What does a small increase in a vessel radias lead to?</p>

Answer 12

<p>A massive increase in flow</p>

Question 13

<p>What symptoms does the increased flow cause?</p>

Answer 13

<p>Redness and heat</p>

Question 14

<p>What does increasing vessel permeability result in?</p>

Answer 14

<p>Net movement of plasma from capillaries to extravascular space</p>

<p>Increased viscocity which decreases flow</p>

Question 15

<p>What does increased viscocity cause?</p>

Answer 15

<p>White blood cells to travel to the edge of the vessel and the erythrocytes to the middle, which is the opposite to how they normally are</p>

Question 16

<p>What is exudation?</p>

Answer 16

<p>Process of increasing the vessel permeability</p>

Question 17

<p>What is exudate?</p>

Answer 17

<p>The fluid that leaks from a vessel during exudaiton, rich in protein including immunoglobulin and fibrinogen</p>

Question 18

<p>What does exudation result in?</p>

Answer 18

<p>Formation of oedema, which explains the swelling which causes pain and reduced function</p>

Question 19

<p>What is oedema?</p>

Answer 19

<p>Accumulation of liquid in the extracellular space</p>

Question 20

<p>What are the phases of the emigration of neutrophils?</p>

Answer 20

<p>1) Migration (moves to edges of lumen)</p>

<p>2) Pavementing (adhere to the endothelium)</p>

<p>3) Emigration (squeeze between endothelial cells to the extravascular space)</p>

Question 21

<p>What are some examples of diseases caused by inflammation?</p>

Answer 21

<p>Gingivitis</p>

<p>Pleural inflammation</p>

<p>Appendicitis</p>

Question 22

<p>What is the ideal outcome of acute inflammation?</p>

Answer 22

<p>Inciting agent isolated and destroyed</p>

<p>Epithelial surface regenerates</p>

<p>Exudate is filtered away</p>

<p>Vascular changes return to normal</p>

<p>Inflammation resolves</p>

Question 23

<p>What are the benefits of acute inflammation?</p>

Answer 23

<p>Rapid response to nonspecific insult</p>

<p>Neutrophils destroy organism and denature antigen for macrophages</p>

<p>Plasma proteins localise process</p>

Question 24

<p>What are the possible outcomes of acute inflammation?</p>

Answer 24

<p>Resolution</p>

<p>Suppuration (pus formation)</p>

<p>Organisation</p>

<p>Chronic inflammation</p>