Sensory Receptors : Proprioception

Question 1

<p>What is a proprioreceptor?</p>

Answer 1

<p>A proprioreceptor is a mechanoreceptor that signals the bodies or limbs position</p>

Question 2

<p>What are examples of proprioreceptors?</p>

Answer 2

<p>Examples of proprioreceptors are:</p>

<p>Muscle spindle</p>

<p>Golgi tendon organs</p>

<p>Joint receptors</p>

Question 3

<p>What does the muscle spindle do?</p>

Answer 3

<p>The muscle spindle monitors the muscle length and rate of change of muscle length</p>

<p>Controls reflexes and voluntary movement</p>

Question 4

<p>What does the golgi tendon organ do?</p>

Answer 4

<p>The golgi tendon organ monitors the tension on a tendon</p>

Question 5

<p>What does a joint receptor do?</p>

Answer 5

<p>A joint receptor monitors the joint angle, rate of angular movement and the tension on the joint</p>

Question 6

<p>What are the three things that proprioreceptors do?</p>

Answer 6

<p>Allow the brain to control voluntary movement by sending sensory information</p>

<p>Muscle spindle and golgi tendon organs give sensory information that drives spinal cord reflex</p>

<p>Percieve limb and body position and movement in space (kinaesthesia)</p>

Question 7

<p>What is the muscle spindle composed of?</p>

Answer 7

<p>The muscle spindle is composed of intrafusal and intrafusal muscle fibres</p>

Question 8

<p>What are the intrafusal muscle fibres contained in?</p>

Answer 8

<p>Intrafusal muscle fibres are contained in a capsule and have their own sensory and motor innervations</p>

<p>Lie parralel to muscle fibre</p>

Question 9

<p>How do intrafusal muscles lie in relation to the muscle fibres?</p>

Answer 9

<p>Lies parralel</p>

Question 10

<p>What does the alpha motor neuron do?</p>

Answer 10

<p>The alpha motor neuron goes to the extrafusal muscle fibre and makes it contract</p>

Question 11

<p>What does the gamma motor neuron do?</p>

Answer 11

<p>The gamma motor neuron goes to the intrafusal muscle fibre at each end</p>

Question 12

<p>What are the two types of intrafusal fibres?</p>

Answer 12

<p>The two types of intrafusal fibres are:</p>

<p>Nuclear bag fibre</p>

<p>Nuclear chain fibre</p>

Question 13

<p>What are nuclear bag fibres?</p>

Answer 13

<p>Nuclear bag fibres are bag shaped with nuclei collected together</p>

Question 14

<p>What are nuclear chain fibres?</p>

Answer 14

<p>Nuclear chain fibres are nuclei lined up in a chain</p>

Question 15

<p>Are muscle fibres multi or mono nucleic?</p>

Answer 15

<p>Muscle fibres are multinucleic</p>

Question 16

What does a diagram showing the contractile and non contractile end of a muscle fibre look like?

Answer 16

Question 17

<p>What are the two ends of a intrafusal muscle fibre innervated by?</p>

Answer 17

<p>Gamma fibres</p>

Question 18

<p>What part of the intrafusal muscle fibre contracts?</p>

Answer 18

<p>The ends, not the middle</p>

Question 19

<p>What are annulospiral endings?</p>

Answer 19

<p>Primary endings from type I alpha afferent nerves wrap around centre of the intrafusal fibre</p>

Question 20

<p>What are flower spray endings?</p>

Answer 20

<p>Secondary endings from type II afferent</p>

Question 21

<p>What happens when the gamma fibre fires?</p>

Answer 21

<p>Ends contract and shorten</p>

<p>Middle stretches</p>

Question 22

<p>What stimulates the spindle stretch receptors?</p>

Answer 22

<p>The muscle stretching</p>

Question 23

<p>What happens when a stretch stimulates the spindle stretch receptors?</p>

Answer 23

<ol> <li>Stretch sensitive ion channels open</li> <li>Causes generator potential</li> <li>Causes action potential</li></ol>

Question 24

<p>What does the resting action potential depend on during a stretch?</p>

Answer 24

<p>The length L_o</p>

Question 25

<p>What does the action potential frequency depend on during a stretch?</p>

Answer 25

<p>The velocity of the stretch from L₀to L₁</p>

Question 26

<p>What happens to the action potential frequency after the stretch?</p>

Answer 26

<p>After a stretch the action potential frequency is at a new steady state (L₁> L₀)</p>

Question 27

<p>What is joint movement organised by?</p>

Answer 27

<p>Joint movement is organised by groups of muscles working opposite to each other</p>

Question 28

<p>What is a relationship around a joint between the agonist and the antagonist?</p>

Answer 28

<p>When the agonist contracts the antagonist relaxes</p>

Question 29

<p>What does contracting a muscle mean?</p>

Answer 29

<p>Shortening the muscle</p>

Question 30

<p>What does the golgi tendon organ do (GTO)?</p>

Answer 30

<p>The golgi tendon organ monitors muscle tension</p>

Question 31

<p>What is the relationship between the golgi tendon organ and the tendon?</p>

Answer 31

<p>Nerves endings of the golgi tendon organ mingle with tendon bundle at the end of the muscle, so they monitor the stretch of the tendon</p>

Question 32

<p>How do passive stretches affact the tendon?</p>

Answer 32

<p>Passive stretches do not effect the tendon much unlike muscle spindle because they are inelastic</p>

Question 33

<p>How do muscles develop tension?</p>

Answer 33

<p>By contracting to stretch the tendon</p>

Question 34

<p>What happens to the tension in a tendon when a muscle fibre contracts?</p>

Answer 34

<p>It increases the tension</p>

Question 35

<p>How does the muscle spindle and the golgi tendon organ lie in relation to the extrafusal muscle fibre?</p>

Answer 35

<p>Muscle spindle lies parralel and the golgi tendon organ lies in series</p>

Question 36

<p>What is the function of the gamma motor neuron?</p>

Answer 36

<p>Contract the poles of the muscle spindle so it matches the muscle</p>

Question 37

<p>Where do the alpha and gamma neurons connect to?</p>

Answer 37

<p>Alpha goes to the muscle</p>

<p>Gamma goes to the muscle spindle</p>

Question 38

<p>What happens to the gamma motor neuron when the alpha is activated?</p>

Answer 38

<p>Alpha is activated to cause contraction</p>

<p>Gamma is activated in parralel to maintain spindle selectivity (tension matches new muscle length)</p>

Question 39

<p>What is an example of proprioreceptors acting autonomically?</p>

Answer 39

<p>Controlling movement such as the spinal cord reflex</p>