Autonomic Physiology 1

Question 1

<p>What does the autonomic nervous system control?</p>

Answer 1

<p>Involuntary movement</p>

Question 2

<p>What are some examples of things that the autonomic nervous system controls?</p>

Answer 2

<p>Smooth muscle</p>

<p>Secretion from glands</p>

<p>Focusing of the eye</p>

Question 3

<p>What are the 2 nervous systems?</p>

Answer 3

<p>Somatic</p>

<p>Autonomic</p>

Question 4

<p>What are the 3 sections of the autonomic nervous system?</p>

Answer 4

<p>Sympathetic division</p>

<p>Parasympathetic division</p>

<p>Enteric nervous system</p>

Question 5

<p>What does the enteric nervous system do?</p>

Answer 5

<p>Controls the gut</p>

Question 6

What does a diagram showing the differences between the autonomic and somatic nervous systems look like?

Answer 6

Question 7

<p>What is a ganglia?</p>

Answer 7

<p>Neuron cell body in the PNS, outside of the CNS</p>

Question 8

<p>What is the fibre called between the spinal cord and the ganglia?</p>

Answer 8

<p>Pre-ganglia fibre</p>

Question 9

<p>What is the fibre called between the ganglia and the target cell?</p>

Answer 9

<p>Post-ganglia fibre</p>

Question 10

<p>What is the myelination of the pre-ganglia fibre like?</p>

Answer 10

<p>Small unmyelinated</p>

Question 11

<p>What is the myelination of the post ganglia fibre like?</p>

Answer 11

<p>Unmyelinated</p>

Question 12

<p>What are properties of the somatic nervous system?</p>

Answer 12

<p>Specialised neuromuscular junction</p>

<p>Ionotropic receptors</p>

<p>Always activates target</p>

Question 13

<p>What are properties of the autonomic nervous system (contrasting of the somatic)?</p>

Answer 13

<p>Low specialised junction</p>

<p>Metabotropic receptors (G protein)</p>

<p>May excite or inhibit target</p>

Question 14

<p>What is the sympathetic division associated with?</p>

Answer 14

<p>Fight or flight</p>

Question 15

<p>What is the parasympathetic system associated with?</p>

Answer 15

<p>Rest and digest</p>

Question 16

<p>Where does the sympathetic nervous system leave the spinal cord from?</p>

Answer 16

<p>Thoracic (T1-12) and lumbar (L1-2) regions</p>

Question 17

<p>In the sympathetic system where does the ganglia lie between the spinal cord and the target cell?</p>

Answer 17

<p>Close to the spinal cord</p>

Question 18

<p>What are paravertebral ganglia?</p>

Answer 18

<p>Lie close to the spinal cord</p>

Question 19

<p>Why are pregangliotic regions known as white ramum?</p>

Answer 19

<p>Due to myelination</p>

Question 20

<p>What are postgangliatic fibres also known as?</p>

Answer 20

<p>Grey ramus</p>

Question 21

<p>What leads to mass activation within the autonomic nervous system?</p>

Answer 21

<p>Covergence and divergence</p>

Question 22

What does a diagram showing the sympathetic division look like?

Answer 22

Question 23

<p>What are the neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system?</p>

Answer 23

<p>Acetylcholine</p>

<p>Noradrenaline</p>

Question 24

<p>What kind of receptors does noradrenaline act on?</p>

Answer 24

<p>Adrenergic receptors</p>

Question 25

<p>What are the adrenergic receptors that noradrenaline act on called?</p>

Answer 25

<p>Alpha and beta receptors</p>

Question 26

<p>What kind of receptors does acetylcholine act on?</p>

Answer 26

<p>Cholinergic receptors</p>

Question 27

<p>What are the cholinergic receptors that acetylcholine act on called?</p>

Answer 27

<p>Muscurinic and nicotinic</p>

<p></p>

Question 28

<p>What kind of receptors does the autonomic nervous system use?</p>

Answer 28

<p>G protein coupled</p>

Question 29

<p>What do preganglionic fibres release in the sympathetic nervous system and what does it act on?</p>

Answer 29

<p>Acetylcholine acting on a nicotine cholinergic receptor</p>

Question 30

<p>What do post ganglionic fibres release in the sympathetic nervous system and what do they act on?</p>

Answer 30

<p>Noradrenaline which acts on alpha or beta adrenergic receptors</p>

Question 31

<p>What post ganglionic cells have no axons?</p>

Answer 31

<p>Adrenal medulla</p>

Question 32

<p>What acts on the adrenal medulla?</p>

Answer 32

<p>Sympathetic nervous system</p>

Question 33

<p>What does the adrenal medulla do?</p>

Answer 33

<p>Releases adrenaline and noradrenaline (4:1) in the blood which then binds to the same receptors via the blood</p>

Question 34

<p>Where does the parasympathetic nervous system exit the spinal cord?</p>

Answer 34

<p>Cranial (III, VII, IX, X) and sacral (S2-4) regions</p>

Question 35

<p>Where do ganglia lie in the parasympathetic nervous system?</p>

Answer 35

<p>Close to the target</p>

Question 36

<p>What do preganglionic fibres in the parasympathetic system release and what do they act on?</p>

Answer 36

<p>Acetylcholine which acts on nicotinic cholinergic receptors</p>

Question 37

<p>What do postganglionic fibres in the parasympathetic system release and what do they act on?</p>

Answer 37

<p>Acetylcholine which acts on muscarinic cholinergic receptors</p>

Question 38

What does a diagram showing the parasympathetic nervous system look like?

Answer 38

Question 39

<p>What are examples of postganglionic fibres not following the rules?</p>

Answer 39

<p>Sympathetic cholinergic fibres innervate sweat glands</p>

<p>Some release non adrenergic and non cholinergic transmitters such as peptides or NO</p>