Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

0. Foundations of Medicine > Drug Therapy : Drug Interaction > Flashcards

Drug Therapy : Drug Interaction Flashcards

1
Q

<p>What is a drug interaction?</p>

A

<p>Modification of a drugs effect by prior or concomitant administration of another drug</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

<p>What are different things involved in drug interactions?</p>

A

<p>Drugs</p>

<p>Herbal</p>

<p>Food</p>

<p>Drinks</p>

<p>Pharmacogenetics</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

<p>What is the object drug?</p>

A

<p>Drug which is effected by these interactions</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

<p>What is the precipitant?</p>

A

<p>Agent which precipitants such a reaction</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

<p>What are examples of drug interactions which are not always decremental?</p>

A

<p>Hypertension</p>

<p>Parkinson's</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

<p>What is epidermiology?</p>

A

<p>Branch of medicine that deals with incidence, distribution and possible control of disease</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

<p>What is the incidence of significant interactions?</p>

A

<p>Relatively low at 1%</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

<p>What are some examples of drug involved in serious reactions?</p>

A

<p>Lithium</p>

<p>Warfarin</p>

<p>Erythromycin</p>

<p>Linezolid</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

<p>What are drugs involved in serious interactions often?</p>

A

<p>Potent with a narrow therapeutic index, meaning a small change in blood levels induce toxicity</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

<p>What do lots of foods interact with?</p>

A

<p>Warfarin</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

<p>What happens to the probability of a drug-drug interaction with more medicaments?</p>

A

<p>Increases exponentially</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

<p>Who are some people more likely to suffer from a drug-drug interaction?</p>

A

<p>Elderly</p>

<p>Young</p>

<p>Critically ill</p>

<p>Patients undergoing complicated surgery procedures</p>

<p>Patients on many medications</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

<p>What kinds of conditions make people susceptable to drug interactions?</p>

A

<p>Chronic</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

<p>What are examples of chronic conditions that make people more susceptable to drug interactions?</p>

A

<p>Liver disease</p>

<p>Renal impairment</p>

<p>Diabetes mellitus</p>

<p>Epilepsy</p>

<p>Asthma</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

<p>Who usually experience severe interactions?</p>

A

<p>Patients with chronic conditions</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

<p>What is pharmacodynamics?</p>

A

<p>Study of how a drug affects an organism</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

<p>What is pharmacokinetics?</p>

A

<p>Study of how the organism affects the drug</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

<p>What can drug interactions be?</p>

A

<p>Additive or synergistic</p>

<p>Antagonistic</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

<p>What can interactions be due to?</p>

A

<p>Changes in drug transport</p>

<p>Fluid and elctrolyte disturbances</p>

<p>Indirect pharmacodynamics interactions</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

<p>What are the 4 stages of pharmacodynamics?</p>

A

<p>Absorption</p>

<p>Distribution</p>

<p>Metabolism</p>

<p>Elimination</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

<p>What can a drug do to the pharmacokinetics of another drug?</p>

A

<p>Alter it</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

<p>Why is it possible to predict potential interactions?</p>

A

<p>Due to marked inter-individual variations in pharmacodynamics process</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

<p>What is it not possible to predict?</p>

A

<p>Patients who will have a clinically significant interaction</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

<p>What do absorption interactions mechanisms include?</p>

A

<p>Formation of insoluble complexes</p>

<p>Altered pH</p>

<p>Altered bacterial flora</p>

<p>Altered GIT motility</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

<p>What do most absorption interactions lead to?</p>

A

<p>Change in absorption rate and not the extend of absorption</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

<p>When is delayed absorption likely to have a great impact?</p>

A

<p>When the drug has a short half life or when we want high plasma levels quickly</p>

27
Q

<p>How can absorption interactions be avoided?</p>

A

<p>2-4 hours are left between administration of drugs</p>

28
Q

<p>What do some drugs do in the GI tract?</p>

A

<p>Bind to each other</p>

29
Q

<p>What are examples of drugs that bind to each other in the GI tract?</p>

A

<p>Tetracycline and erythromycin complex with iron, calcium and magnesium</p>

<p>Cholestryamine resin used to bind cholesterol in the GI tract also binds to other drugs like warfarin</p>

30
Q

<p>What is absorption affected by (relates to acids/bases)?</p>

A

<p>Degree of ionisation which is dependant on pH</p>

31
Q

<p>Why do drugs increase pH?</p>

A

<p>Reducing the [H+] ions</p>

32
Q

<p>What are some drugs that increase pH?</p>

A

<p>H2 antagonists</p>

<p>Proton pump blockers</p>

<p>Antacids</p>

33
Q

<p>What destroys normal gut flora?</p>

A

<p>Broad spectrum antibiotics</p>

34
Q

<p>Where are most oral medicines absorbed?</p>

A

<p>Small intestine</p>

35
Q

<p>What is the rate limiting step of most oral medicines?</p>

A

<p>Gastric emptying</p>

36
Q

<p>What can some drugs do to gastric emptying?</p>

A

<p>Increase or decrease it and so impact absorption of other drugs</p>

37
Q

<p>What is the drug interaction in distribution?</p>

A

<p>Protein-protein displacement</p>

38
Q

<p>When does protein-protein displacement occur?</p>

A

<p>When there is a reduction in the extent of plasma protein binding of a drug caused by the presence of another drug</p>

39
Q

<p>What does displacement of a drug from a plasma protein cause?</p>

A

<p>Increased bioavailability of that drug</p>

40
Q

<p>What are the 2 most important plasma proteins?</p>

A

<p>Albumin</p>

<p>Alpha1-glycoprotein</p>

41
Q

<p>What protect patients from distribution interactions?</p>

A

<p>Increased metabolism and excretion</p>

42
Q

<p>What drugs cause distribution interactions?</p>

A

<p>Ones which are highly protein bound</p>

43
Q

<p>What are examples of drugs which are highly protein bound?</p>

A

<p>Indomethacin</p>

<p>Warfarin</p>

<p>Ibuprofen</p>

44
Q

<p>When do interactions involving metabolism occur?</p>

A

<p>When one drug induces or inhibits the metabolism of another</p>

45
Q

<p>Where does metabolism of drugs commonly occur?</p>

A

<p>In the liver via the cytochrome P450 system</p>

46
Q

<p>What are some drugs that can inhibit the cytochrome system?</p>

A

<p>Erythromycin</p>

<p>Cimetidine</p>

47
Q

<p>What do drugs inhibiting the cytochrome system cause?</p>

A

<p>Inhibition of metabolism of drugs that use that cytochrome</p>

48
Q

<p>What are drugs that can be affected by drugs inhibiting the cytochrome system?</p>

A

<p>Warfarin</p>

<p>Diazepam</p>

49
Q

<p>What are some drugs that are potent inducers of cytochrome P450?</p>

A

<p>Barbiturates</p>

<p>Carbamazepine</p>

50
Q

<p>How long does it take for the effects of enzyme induction to be seen?</p>

A

<p>2-3 weeks</p>

51
Q

<p>What factors impact the effect of enzyme induction been seen?</p>

A

<p>Age</p>

<p>Disease</p>

<p>Genetics</p>

<p>Concurrent drug therapy</p>

52
Q

<p>What are examples of drugs inducing the production of cytochrome P450 enzymes?</p>

A

<p>Rifampicin inducing CYP 3A4 increases metabolism of Ciclosporin</p>

<p>St John's wort induces CYP 3A4 to increase metabolism of ciclosporin</p>

53
Q

<p>Where are most drugs excreted?</p>

A

<p>In urine or bile</p>

54
Q

<p>What do interactions in excretion involve changes in?</p>

A

<p>Glomerular filtration rate</p>

<p>Tubular secretion</p>

55
Q

<p>What is glomerular filtration rate?</p>

A

<p>How much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute</p>

56
Q

<p>What is the glomeruli?</p>

A

<p>Tiny filters in the kidney that filter waste from blood</p>

57
Q

<p>What is an example of a drug that inhibits excretion?</p>

A

<p>Calcium channel blockers</p>

58
Q

<p>When do pharmacodynamic interactions occur?</p>

A

<p>When the action of a drug is changed due to another drug acting directly on the same receptor or indirectly on a different receptor</p>

59
Q

<p>What can pharmacodynamic interactions be?</p>

A

<p>Direct</p>

<p>Indirect</p>

<p>Antagonistic</p>

<p>Synergistic/Agonistic</p>

60
Q

<p>What is an example of pharmacodynamic direct antagonsm?</p>

A

<p>Beta blockers blocking the site of agonists</p>

61
Q

<p>What is an example of pharmacodynamic synergistic interactions?</p>

A

<p>Two drugs with the same pharmacological effect acting on the same receptor are given concurrently</p>

62
Q

<p>What is an example of a pharmacokinetic indirect agonism?</p>

A

<p>CNS depression</p>

<p>Warfarin and NSAIDs</p>

63
Q

<p>What is an example of pharmacodynamic indirect antagonist?</p>

A

<p>NSAIDs and antihypertensive medication</p>

<p>NSAIDs and treatment for heart failure</p>

64
Q

<p>What is the process of clinically dealing with an interaction?</p>

A

<p>1) Determine if the interaction is clinically important</p>

<p>2) Will altering the dose timing solve the interaction</p>

<p>3) Will using an alternative solve the interaction</p>

<p>4) If no for all of above, adjust the dosage and monitor the drug level and physiological function</p>

0. Foundations of Medicine (167 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions