Chronic Inflammation 1

Question 1

<p>What is chronic inflammation?</p>

Answer 1

<p>Inflammation in which the cell population is especially:</p>

<p></p>

<p>Lymphocytes</p>

<p>Plasma cells</p>

<p>Macrophages</p>

Question 2

<p>What does chronic inflammation feature?</p>

Answer 2

<p>Tissue or organ damage</p>

<p>Loss of function</p>

<p>Healing and repair involving granulation tissue and scarring</p>

Question 3

<p>What may chronic inflammation arise from?</p>

Answer 3

<p>Primary pathology</p>

<p>Acute inflammation</p>

Question 4

<p>What are the clinical presentations of chronic inflammation?</p>

Answer 4

<p>No specific 'sore bit'</p>

<p>Weight loss</p>

<p>Loss of function</p>

Question 5

<p>When does chronic inflammation ocur after acute inflammation?</p>

Answer 5

<p>When there are large volumes of damage</p>

<p>Inability to remove debris</p>

Question 6

<p>What is the mechanism of granulation tissue?</p>

Answer 6

<p>1) Capillaries grow into inflammatory mass</p>

<p>2) Access of plasma proteins</p>

<p>3) Macrophages travel in from blood and tissue</p>

<p>4) Fibroblasts lay down collagen to repair damaged tissue</p>

<p>5) Collagen replaces inflammatory exudate</p>

<p>6) Contracts and pulls together</p>

Question 7

<p>What are the outcomes of granulation tissue?</p>

Answer 7

<p>Fibrous tissue (scar)</p>

<p>Fibrosis can cause adhesion between loops of bowel which is a problem</p>

<p>Can progess to chronic inflammation</p>

Question 8

<p>What may primary chronic inflammation arise due to?</p>

Answer 8

<p>Autoimmune disease</p>

<p>Lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, fibrosis</p>

<p>Material resistant to digestion</p>

<p>Exogenous substances</p>

<p>Endogenous substances</p>

Question 9

<p>What are examples of autoimmune diseases that can cause primary chronic inflammation?</p>

Answer 9

<p>Thyroiditis</p>

<p>Rheumatoid disease</p>

Question 10

<p>What are autoimmune diseases?</p>

Answer 10

<p>Where antibodies are directed against out owen cell and tissue components, leading to damage or destruction of organs</p>

Question 11

<p>What are some materials resistant to digestion?</p>

Answer 11

<p>Mycobacteria and viruses who's cell walls are resistant to enzymes</p>

Question 12

<p>What are some exogenous substances?</p>

Answer 12

<p>Sultures, metal and plastic such as joint replacements or glass</p>

Question 13

<p>What do exogenous substances not provoke?</p>

Answer 13

<p>Immune response</p>

Question 14

<p>What are some endogenous substances?</p>

Answer 14

<p>Necrotic tissue</p>

<p>Keratin, hair</p>

Question 15

<p>What can not easily be done to endogenous substances?</p>

Answer 15

<p>They cannot easily be phagacytosed</p>

Question 16

<p>What are cells involved in chronic inflammation?</p>

Answer 16

<p>Lymphocytes</p>

<p>Plasma cells</p>

<p>Macrophages</p>

<p>Fibroblasts</p>

Question 17

<p>What are plasma cells and what do they do?</p>

Answer 17

<p>They are differentiated B cells that produce antibodies</p>

Question 18

<p>What are the tissue components of chronic inflammation?</p>

Answer 18

<p>Granulation tissue</p>

<p>Collagen</p>

Question 19

<p>What are different B cell mechanisms?</p>

Answer 19

<p>Differentiate into plasma cells and produce antibodies</p>

<p>Facilitate immune response</p>

<p>Act with macrophages (antigen presenting capacity)</p>

<p>Immune memory</p>

Question 20

<p>What are different T cell mechanisms?</p>

Answer 20

<p>Producing cytokines</p>

<p>Produce interferons</p>

<p>Damage and kill other cells, destroy antigens using granule proteins</p>

Question 21

<p>What do cytokines released from T cells do?</p>

Answer 21

<p>Attract and hold macrophages</p>

<p>Activates macrophages</p>

<p>Activates other cells such as lymphocytes</p>

<p>Changes vessel permeability</p>

Question 22

<p>What do interferons do?</p>

Answer 22

<p>Antiviral efect</p>

<p>Attract and stimulate other cells</p>

<p></p>

Question 23

<p>What do natural killer cells do?</p>

Answer 23

<p>Destroy antigens and cells by using granule proteins</p>

Question 24

<p>What immune system are natural killer cells apart of?</p>

Answer 24

<p>Innate immune system, non-specific</p>

Question 25

What are mechanisms of macrophages?

Answer 25

Remove debris

Antigen presenting cell for immune system

Question 26

What are macrophages formed from?

Answer 26

Bone marrow

Question 27

What does the life cycle of macrophages involve?

Answer 27

Monocyte

Histiocytic

Activated macrophage

Epitheloid cell

Giant cell

Question 28

What are fibroblasts?

Answer 28

Motile cells that make and assemble structural proteins such as different collagens

Question 29

What are the outcomes of chronic inflammation?

Answer 29

Ongoing tissue damage and destruction

Insidious loss of function

Cellular and stromal response (granulation tissue and angiogenesis)

Scarring and fibrosis

Granuloma formation (mass of granulation tissue)

Question 30

What is an adverse effect of scaring?

Answer 30

It can lead to loss of cuntion due to not being able to be stretched