Chronic Inflammation 1

Question 1

<p>What is chronic inflammation?</p>

Answer 1

<p>Inflammation in which the cell population is especially:</p>

<p></p>

<p>Lymphocytes</p>

<p>Plasma cells</p>

<p>Macrophages</p>

Question 2

<p>What does chronic inflammation feature?</p>

Answer 2

<p>Tissue or organ damage</p>

<p>Loss of function</p>

<p>Healing and repair involving granulation tissue and scarring</p>

Question 3

<p>What may chronic inflammation arise from?</p>

Answer 3

<p>Primary pathology</p>

<p>Acute inflammation</p>

Question 4

<p>What are the clinical presentations of chronic inflammation?</p>

Answer 4

<p>No specific 'sore bit'</p>

<p>Weight loss</p>

<p>Loss of function</p>

Question 5

<p>When does chronic inflammation ocur after acute inflammation?</p>

Answer 5

<p>When there are large volumes of damage</p>

<p>Inability to remove debris</p>

Question 6

<p>What is the mechanism of granulation tissue?</p>

Answer 6

<p>1) Capillaries grow into inflammatory mass</p>

<p>2) Access of plasma proteins</p>

<p>3) Macrophages travel in from blood and tissue</p>

<p>4) Fibroblasts lay down collagen to repair damaged tissue</p>

<p>5) Collagen replaces inflammatory exudate</p>

<p>6) Contracts and pulls together</p>

Question 7

<p>What are the outcomes of granulation tissue?</p>

Answer 7

<p>Fibrous tissue (scar)</p>

<p>Fibrosis can cause adhesion between loops of bowel which is a problem</p>

<p>Can progess to chronic inflammation</p>

Question 8

<p>What may primary chronic inflammation arise due to?</p>

Answer 8

<p>Autoimmune disease</p>

<p>Lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, fibrosis</p>

<p>Material resistant to digestion</p>

<p>Exogenous substances</p>

<p>Endogenous substances</p>

Question 9

<p>What are examples of autoimmune diseases that can cause primary chronic inflammation?</p>

Answer 9

<p>Thyroiditis</p>

<p>Rheumatoid disease</p>

Question 10

<p>What are autoimmune diseases?</p>

Answer 10

<p>Where antibodies are directed against out owen cell and tissue components, leading to damage or destruction of organs</p>

Question 11

<p>What are some materials resistant to digestion?</p>

Answer 11

<p>Mycobacteria and viruses who's cell walls are resistant to enzymes</p>

Question 12

<p>What are some exogenous substances?</p>

Answer 12

<p>Sultures, metal and plastic such as joint replacements or glass</p>

Question 13

<p>What do exogenous substances not provoke?</p>

Answer 13

<p>Immune response</p>

Question 14

<p>What are some endogenous substances?</p>

Answer 14

<p>Necrotic tissue</p>

<p>Keratin, hair</p>

Question 15

<p>What can not easily be done to endogenous substances?</p>

Answer 15

<p>They cannot easily be phagacytosed</p>

Question 16

<p>What are cells involved in chronic inflammation?</p>

Answer 16

<p>Lymphocytes</p>

<p>Plasma cells</p>

<p>Macrophages</p>

<p>Fibroblasts</p>

Question 17

<p>What are plasma cells and what do they do?</p>

Answer 17

<p>They are differentiated B cells that produce antibodies</p>

Question 18

<p>What are the tissue components of chronic inflammation?</p>

Answer 18

<p>Granulation tissue</p>

<p>Collagen</p>

Question 19

<p>What are different B cell mechanisms?</p>

Answer 19

<p>Differentiate into plasma cells and produce antibodies</p>

<p>Facilitate immune response</p>

<p>Act with macrophages (antigen presenting capacity)</p>

<p>Immune memory</p>

Question 20

<p>What are different T cell mechanisms?</p>

Answer 20

<p>Producing cytokines</p>

<p>Produce interferons</p>

<p>Damage and kill other cells, destroy antigens using granule proteins</p>

Question 21

<p>What do cytokines released from T cells do?</p>

Answer 21

<p>Attract and hold macrophages</p>

<p>Activates macrophages</p>

<p>Activates other cells such as lymphocytes</p>

<p>Changes vessel permeability</p>

Question 22

<p>What do interferons do?</p>

Answer 22

<p>Antiviral efect</p>

<p>Attract and stimulate other cells</p>

<p></p>

Question 23

<p>What do natural killer cells do?</p>

Answer 23

<p>Destroy antigens and cells by using granule proteins</p>

Question 24

<p>What immune system are natural killer cells apart of?</p>

Answer 24

<p>Innate immune system, non-specific</p>

Question 25

<p>What are mechanisms of macrophages?</p>

Answer 25

<p>Remove debris</p>

<p>Antigen presenting cell for immune system</p>

Question 26

<p>What are macrophages formed from?</p>

Answer 26

<p>Bone marrow</p>

Question 27

<p>What does the life cycle of macrophages involve?</p>

Answer 27

<p>Monocyte</p>

<p>Histiocytic</p>

<p>Activated macrophage</p>

<p>Epitheloid cell</p>

<p>Giant cell</p>

Question 28

<p>What are fibroblasts?</p>

Answer 28

<p>Motile cells that make and assemble structural proteins such as different collagens</p>

Question 29

<p>What are the outcomes of chronic inflammation?</p>

Answer 29

<p>Ongoing tissue damage and destruction</p>

<p>Insidious loss of function</p>

<p>Cellular and stromal response (granulation tissue and angiogenesis)</p>

<p>Scarring and fibrosis</p>

<p>Granuloma formation (mass of granulation tissue)</p>

Question 30

<p>What is an adverse effect of scaring?</p>

Answer 30

<p>It can lead to loss of cuntion due to not being able to be stretched</p>