Chronic Inflammation 1 Flashcards
<p>What is chronic inflammation?</p>
<p>Inflammation in which the cell population is especially:</p>
<p></p>
<p>Lymphocytes</p>
<p>Plasma cells</p>
<p>Macrophages</p>
<p>What does chronic inflammation feature?</p>
<p>Tissue or organ damage</p>
<p>Loss of function</p>
<p>Healing and repair involving granulation tissue and scarring</p>
<p>What may chronic inflammation arise from?</p>
<p>Primary pathology</p>
<p>Acute inflammation</p>
<p>What are the clinical presentations of chronic inflammation?</p>
<p>No specific 'sore bit'</p>
<p>Weight loss</p>
<p>Loss of function</p>
<p>When does chronic inflammation ocur after acute inflammation?</p>
<p>When there are large volumes of damage</p>
<p>Inability to remove debris</p>
<p>What is the mechanism of granulation tissue?</p>
<p>1) Capillaries grow into inflammatory mass</p>
<p>2) Access of plasma proteins</p>
<p>3) Macrophages travel in from blood and tissue</p>
<p>4) Fibroblasts lay down collagen to repair damaged tissue</p>
<p>5) Collagen replaces inflammatory exudate</p>
<p>6) Contracts and pulls together</p>
<p>What are the outcomes of granulation tissue?</p>
<p>Fibrous tissue (scar)</p>
<p>Fibrosis can cause adhesion between loops of bowel which is a problem</p>
<p>Can progess to chronic inflammation</p>
<p>What may primary chronic inflammation arise due to?</p>
<p>Autoimmune disease</p>
<p>Lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, fibrosis</p>
<p>Material resistant to digestion</p>
<p>Exogenous substances</p>
<p>Endogenous substances</p>
<p>What are examples of autoimmune diseases that can cause primary chronic inflammation?</p>
<p>Thyroiditis</p>
<p>Rheumatoid disease</p>
<p>What are autoimmune diseases?</p>
<p>Where antibodies are directed against out owen cell and tissue components, leading to damage or destruction of organs</p>
<p>What are some materials resistant to digestion?</p>
<p>Mycobacteria and viruses who's cell walls are resistant to enzymes</p>
<p>What are some exogenous substances?</p>
<p>Sultures, metal and plastic such as joint replacements or glass</p>
<p>What do exogenous substances not provoke?</p>
<p>Immune response</p>
<p>What are some endogenous substances?</p>
<p>Necrotic tissue</p>
<p>Keratin, hair</p>
<p>What can not easily be done to endogenous substances?</p>
<p>They cannot easily be phagacytosed</p>
<p>What are cells involved in chronic inflammation?</p>
<p>Lymphocytes</p>
<p>Plasma cells</p>
<p>Macrophages</p>
<p>Fibroblasts</p>
<p>What are plasma cells and what do they do?</p>
<p>They are differentiated B cells that produce antibodies</p>
<p>What are the tissue components of chronic inflammation?</p>
<p>Granulation tissue</p>
<p>Collagen</p>
<p>What are different B cell mechanisms?</p>
<p>Differentiate into plasma cells and produce antibodies</p>
<p>Facilitate immune response</p>
<p>Act with macrophages (antigen presenting capacity)</p>
<p>Immune memory</p>
<p>What are different T cell mechanisms?</p>
<p>Producing cytokines</p>
<p>Produce interferons</p>
<p>Damage and kill other cells, destroy antigens using granule proteins</p>
<p>What do cytokines released from T cells do?</p>
<p>Attract and hold macrophages</p>
<p>Activates macrophages</p>
<p>Activates other cells such as lymphocytes</p>
<p>Changes vessel permeability</p>
<p>What do interferons do?</p>
<p>Antiviral efect</p>
<p>Attract and stimulate other cells</p>
<p></p>
<p>What do natural killer cells do?</p>
<p>Destroy antigens and cells by using granule proteins</p>
<p>What immune system are natural killer cells apart of?</p>
<p>Innate immune system, non-specific</p>
<p>What are mechanisms of macrophages?</p>
<p>Remove debris</p>
<p>Antigen presenting cell for immune system</p>
<p>What are macrophages formed from?</p>
<p>Bone marrow</p>
<p>What does the life cycle of macrophages involve?</p>
<p>Monocyte</p>
<p>Histiocytic</p>
<p>Activated macrophage</p>
<p>Epitheloid cell</p>
<p>Giant cell</p>
<p>What are fibroblasts?</p>
<p>Motile cells that make and assemble structural proteins such as different collagens</p>
<p>What are the outcomes of chronic inflammation?</p>
<p>Ongoing tissue damage and destruction</p>
<p>Insidious loss of function</p>
<p>Cellular and stromal response (granulation tissue and angiogenesis)</p>
<p>Scarring and fibrosis</p>
<p>Granuloma formation (mass of granulation tissue)</p>
<p>What is an adverse effect of scaring?</p>
<p>It can lead to loss of cuntion due to not being able to be stretched</p>
