Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

0. Foundations of Medicine > Drug Therapy : Absorption > Flashcards

Drug Therapy : Absorption Flashcards

1
Q

<p>What is pharmaceutical process?</p>

A

<p>Getting the drug into the patient</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

<p>What is pharmacokinetic process?</p>

A

<p>Getting the drug to the site of action</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

<p>What is pharmacodynamics process?</p>

A

<p>Producing the correct pharmacological effect</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

<p>What is therapeutic process?</p>

A

<p>Producing the correct therapeutic effect</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

<p>What are the 4 basic factors that determine pharmacokinetics?</p>

A

<p>Absorption</p>

<p>Distribution</p>

<p>Metabolism</p>

<p>Elimination</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

<p>A knowledge of the factors of pharmacokinetics enables an understanding of what?</p>

A

<p>Dosage</p>

<p>Drug administration</p>

<p>Drug handling</p>

<p>Patient variability</p>

<p>Potential for harm</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

<p>What must most drugs do to have biological action?</p>

A

<p>Enter the blood stream and be distributed to a site of action</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

<p>What are different methods of administration?</p>

A

<p>Oral</p>

<p>Intra-venous (IV)</p>

<p>Subcutaneous (applied under the skin)</p>

<p>Intramuscular</p>

<p>Other GI (sublingual, rectal)</p>

<p>Inhalation</p>

<p>Nasal</p>

<p>Transdermal (delivered across the skin)</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

<p>What is absorption?</p>

A

<p>Process of movement of unchanged drug from the site of adminstration to the systematic circulation</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

<p>What does absorption depend on?</p>

A

<p>Properties of the drug</p>

<p>Dosage used</p>

<p>Anatomy and physiology of the drug absorption site</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

<p>What is the relationship between plasma concentration and the therapeutic response?</p>

A

<p>There is a correlation between the two</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

<p>What is Cmax?</p>

A

<p>The peak concentration</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

<p>What is T max?</p>

A

<p>The time to peak concentration</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

<p>What does the area under the curve of a concentration/time graph represent?</p>

A

<p>Total amount of drug that reaches systematic circulation</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

<p>What does Tmax tell us?</p>

A

<p>How quickly the drug is going to get into our circulation to produce an effect</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

<p>What does Cmax tell us?</p>

A

<p>Whether the effect of a drug may be toxic or ineffective</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

<p>What does increasing the dose do in relation to Tmax and Cmax?</p>

A

<p>Does not increase Tmax but increases Cmax</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

<p>What is the therapeutic range?</p>

A

<p>The range of concentration that a drug is active</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

<p>What happens above the therapeutic range?</p>

A

<p>The drug is toxic</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

<p>What happens below the therapeutic range?</p>

A

<p>The drug is ineffective</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

<p>What is bioavailability?</p>

A

<p>The amount of a drug that gets into circulation and is available for biological activity</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

<p>What is the bioavailablity of a drug given intra-venously?</p>

A

<p>100% bioavailability</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

<p>How is bioavailability determined?</p>

A

<p>By giving the drug and working out the toal amount over time then comparing this to the IV route</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

<p>What are some factors that affect bioavaiability?</p>

A

<p>Formulation</p>

<p>Ability of drug to pass physical barriers</p>

<p>Gastrointestinal effects</p>

<p>First pass metabolism</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

<p>What impacts a drugs ability to cross physical barriers?</p>

A

<p>Particle size</p>

<p>Lipid solubility</p>

<p>pH and ionisation</p>

26
Q

<p>What must a drug be to dissolve in lipids?</p>

A

<p>Unionised</p>

27
Q

<p>What does first pass metabolism refer to?</p>

A

<p>Removal of the drug by the liver</p>

28
Q

<p>What is bioavailability used to work out?</p>

A

<p>The best dosage of a drug for the desired effect</p>

29
Q

<p>What are different kinds of transport across physical barriers?</p>

A

<p>Passive diffusion</p>

<p>Filtration</p>

<p>Bulk flow</p>

<p>Active transport</p>

<p>Facilitated transport</p>

<p>Ion-pair transport</p>

<p>Endocytosis</p>

30
Q

<p>What does the degree of ionisation depend on for a drug and why?</p>

A

<p>The environment because most drugs are weak acids or bases</p>

31
Q

<p>When does an unionised drug stop crossing a membrane?</p>

A

<p>Once equilbrium is reached</p>

32
Q

<p>What may happen whilst a drug is in the middle of crossing a membrane?</p>

A

<p>Ion trapping</p>

33
Q

<p>What is ion trapping?</p>

A

<p>Drug crosses the first membrane but then is ionised and cannot cross the second</p>

34
Q

<p>Where do acidic drugs get stick?</p>

A

<p>In compartments with a high pH</p>

35
Q

<p>What is the ability of a drug to diffuse across a lipid barrier expressed as?</p>

A

<p>Lipid-water partition coefficient</p>

36
Q

<p>What must a drug be to diffuse across a lipid membrane?</p>

A

<p>In solution</p>

<p>Lipid soluble</p>

37
Q

<p>What is the lipid-water partition coefficient?</p>

A

<p>Ratio of the amount of drug which dissolves in the lipid an water phase when they are in contact</p>

38
Q

<p>How are drugs given that cannot diffuse across lipid membranes?</p>

A

<p>By IV to skip most of these barriers</p>

39
Q

<p>Where does passive diffusion occur?</p>

A

<p>Along concentration gradients (requires no energy)</p>

40
Q

<p>What does passive diffusion depend on?</p>

A

<p>Lipid solubility</p>

<p>Degree of ionisation</p>

41
Q

<p>Where does facilitated diffusion occur?</p>

A

<p>Along the concentration gradient but requires carriers</p>

42
Q

<p>What are examples of things that use facilitated diffusion?</p>

A

<p>Monosaccharides</p>

<p>Amino acids</p>

<p>Vitamins</p>

43
Q

<p>Where does active transport occur?</p>

A

<p>Against concentration gradients (requires energy)</p>

44
Q

<p>What are examples of things that use active transport?</p>

A

<p>Ions such as K, Na and Ca</p>

45
Q

<p>Where does filtration occur?</p>

A

<p>Through channels in the cell membrane</p>

46
Q

<p>What is the driving force of filtration?</p>

A

<p>Hydrostatic pressure or osmotic pressure difference across the membrane</p>

47
Q

<p>What uses filtration?</p>

A

<p>Urea</p>

48
Q

<p>What are gastrointestinal factors that affect drug absorption?</p>

A

<p>Motility (speed of gastric absorption)</p>

<p>Food (can enhance or impair absorption)</p>

<p>Illness (can increase or decrease absorption)</p>

49
Q

<p>Where are most drugs absorbed?</p>

A

<p>Small intestine</p>

50
Q

<p>What is first pass metabolism?</p>

A

<p>Metabolism of drug prior to reaching systematic cirulation</p>

51
Q

<p>What are some places involved in first pass metabolism?</p>

A

<p>Gut lumen (acid, enzymes)</p>

<p>Gut wall (metabolic enzymes)</p>

<p>Liver (hepatic enzymes)</p>

52
Q

<p>What does absorption from subcutaneous/intramuscular sites depend on?</p>

A

<p>The blood flow at these sites</p>

53
Q

<p>What do drugs given subcutaneously or intramuscularly avoid?</p>

A

<p>First pass metabolism</p>

54
Q

<p>What do sublingual drugs avoid?</p>

A

<p>First pass metabolism</p>

55
Q

<p>What is sublingual?</p>

A

<p>Under the tongue</p>

56
Q

<p>What do drugs given via the rectum bypass?</p>

A

<p>First pass metabolism</p>

57
Q

<p>What is the absorption of a drug from the rectum like?</p>

A

<p>Slow</p>

58
Q

<p>What kinds of drugs are often given via the rectum?</p>

A

<p>Ones that cause irriation to the stomach</p>

59
Q

<p>What is inhalation best for?</p>

A

<p>Volatile agents</p>

60
Q

<p>How much of an inhalation drug is absorbed?</p>

A

<p>5-10%</p>

61
Q

<p>What are the advantages of transdermal drugs?</p>

A

<p>Avoids first pass metabolism and can provide a controlled release</p>

62
Q

<p>What should be considered when deciding the mode of administration?</p>

A

<p>Purpose and site of drug action</p>

<p>Disease effects</p>

<p>Patients ability to take medicine</p>

<p>Speed of action</p>

<p>Reliability of absorption</p>

0. Foundations of Medicine (167 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions