Essential Pharmacology 2

Question 1

<p>What is pharmacology?</p>

Answer 1

<p>The study of the effect of drugs on living systems</p>

Question 2

<p>What is a drug?</p>

Answer 2

<p>Any chemical agent that affects a biological system</p>

Question 3

<p>What are some sources of drugs?</p>

Answer 3

<p>Plants</p>

<p>Synthetic drugs</p>

<p>Biotechnology to make therapeutic agents using living systems</p>

<p>Gene therapy to introduce new DNA</p>

Question 4

<p>How do drugs act?</p>

Answer 4

<p>By interacting with the binding site of a receptor</p>

Question 5

<p>What is the relationship between drug concentration and the size of the response?</p>

Answer 5

<p>Low drug concentrations produces a small response and high drug concentration produces a large response, this is due to more receptors being activated</p>

Question 6

<p>When do receptors become saturdated?</p>

Answer 6

<p>When all of them are binded so no increase in drug concentration could produce a larger response</p>

Question 7

<p>Why does the response become slower as receptors near saturation?</p>

Answer 7

<p>The probability of a drug bumping into a receptor is lower</p>

Question 8

What does the log of [drug] against percentage of saturation look like?

Answer 8

Question 9

<p>What is EC50?</p>

Answer 9

<p>Concentration of a drug that produces half of the maximum effect (quantifies affinity)</p>

Question 10

<p>What is affinity?</p>

Answer 10

<p>The strength of the chemical attraction between drug and receptor</p>

Question 11

<p>What does EC50 indicate about affinity?</p>

Answer 11

<p>A low EC50 indicates a high affinity</p>

Question 12

<p>Do drugs always fully activated a receptor?</p>

Answer 12

<p>No, they can be partly activated (such as partly opening a channel or partly activating an enzyme)</p>

Question 13

<p>What is efficacy?</p>

Answer 13

<p>How good the drug is at activating the receptor</p>

Question 14

<p>What does the efficacy indicate about the EC50 and the maximum response?</p>

Answer 14

<p>A lower efficacy has the same EC50 but a smaller maximum response</p>

Question 15

<p>What does the size of response from a drug depends on?</p>

Answer 15

<p>Drug affinity</p>

<p>Drug efficacy</p>

Question 16

<p>What is an agonist?</p>

Answer 16

<p>Mimics the normal effect of receptor</p>

Question 17

<p>What is an antagonist?</p>

Answer 17

<p>Blocks the normal effect of a receptor</p>

Question 18

<p>What is the affinity and efficacy of agonists?</p>

Answer 18

<p>High affinity</p>

<p>High efficacy</p>

Question 19

<p>What is the affinity and efficacy of an antagonist?</p>

Answer 19

<p>High affinity</p>

<p>Low efficacy</p>

Question 20

<p>How do tranmitters interact with different kinds of receptors?</p>

Answer 20

<p>Ome may act of several receptor subtypes, whereas selective transmitters only act on some of the subtypes</p>

Question 21

<p>What can selective agonists be used for?</p>

Answer 21

<p>Enhance a good effect</p>

Question 22

<p>What can selective antagonists be used for?</p>

Answer 22

<p>Blocking bad effects</p>