Tuberculosis (TB)

Question 1

tuberculosis

Answer 1

a serious illness that mainly affects the lungs

Question 2

Signs and Symptoms

Answer 2

1-initial infection often asymptomatic

Question 3

initial infection

Answer 3

1-immune response controls it but not able to totally eliminate it
2- person left healthy but with latent infection or
latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)

Question 4

may develop tuberculosis (TB) disease/active TB later in life such as :

Answer 4

(1) chronic illness
(2) slight fever
(3) progressive weight loss
(4) night sweating
(5) persistent cough: often with blood streaked sputum
(1) مرض مزمن
(2) حمى خفيفة
(3) فقدان الوزن التدريجي
(4) التعرق الليلي
(5) السعال المستمر: غالباً ما يكون مصحوباً ببلغم ملطخ بالدم

streekd

streaked

Question 5

_____________________or ________________________________
can develop TB disease on initial infection

Answer 5

children or immunocompromised people

Question 6

Causative Agent

Answer 6

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

myko bacterium tuberculosis

Question 7

pathogenosis

Answer 7

1-colonize alveoli cause inflammation
2- survive ingestion by macrophages, carried to:
(1) lymph nodes
(2) lungs
3-granuloma forms

Question 8

granuloma forms

a tiny cluster of white blood cells and other tissue
. It can appear in your lungs, skin or other parts of your body. Granulomas aren’t cancerous. They form as a reaction to infections, inflammation

ik less tir

cluster

Answer 8

1-collection of lymphocytes & macrophages
2- body’s attempt to wall off & contain pathogen
3-tubercle

two bir kill

tuber cle

Question 9

transmission by

Answer 9

respiratory route

Question 11

Epidemiology

Answer 11

1-need few microorganisms to cause disease

Question 12

Tuberculin skin tests (TST)

administered to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

two bir kill n

tuber cu lin

Answer 12

1-delayed hypersensitivity to bacterial antigens injected into skin
2-redness and swelling at site of injection after 48-72 hours

Question 13

Prevention

Answer 13

1-BGC vaccine but not used in us :
attenuated vaccine
prevents childhood TB disease but ineffective preventing LTBI

Question 14

why BGC vaccination discouraged in US ?

Answer 14

recipients usually develop positive TST eliminates important early diagnosis

ris ip yint

re cip ients

Question 15

Treatment

Answer 15

multiple medications for many months
resistance
(1) multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB)
(2) extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB)
(3) a combination of antibacterial such as :
isoniazid INH in combination with three other drugs rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol

i soo nized/ ri fam bin/ atham bu tohl

iso nia zid/rifam bin/ etham butol