Staphylococcal Wound Infections

Question 1

Staphylococcal Wound Infections

S tafiko h kill

staph y loco ccal

Answer 1

infections can be anywhere on your body, including your face, often around your mouth and nose

Question 2

Signs and Symptoms

Answer 2

swelling
redness
pain
pyogenic
fever in case the infection has spread or was large

pa yo ja nik

Question 3

cause production of pus

Answer 3

pyogenic

Question 4

caustive agent

Answer 4

Staphylococcus aureus & Staphylococcus epidermidis

or yis

au re us

Question 5

pathogenosis
staphylococcus aureus

Answer 5

clumping factor or protein
1-attaches to clots & tissue
2-aids colonization
lipases, proteases, hyaluronidases
1- cause tissue damage
protein A, capsule, coagulase
1-protect cells from:
(a)Abs
(b) phagocytosis
(c) complement system
infections can cause systemic complications
-some strains produce superantigens
1- enter circulation & activate many TH cells
2-T cells release large amounts of cytokines = cytokine storm Leads to Overreaction leading to toxic shock

ik lm ping factor / lie pay sis/pro tea sis/koo wag u lase

clumping factor /lip ases/pro tea sis/coa gulase

Question 6

Pathogenesis
Staphylococcus epidermidis

Answer 6

1- not particularly virulent
2-CANNOT invade healthy tissue
3-cause minor abscesses around stitches
4- can form biofilms on medical devices (indwelling catheters, artificial joints)
5- binds fibrinogen & fibronectin: blood protein that quickly coats surgical implants
6- forms slime layer (critical step in biofilm formation )

vir ill nt=سام/s tich s=غرازه/

vir u lent/st itches/

Question 7

why is biofilm serious?

Answer 7

1-diffusion of antibiotics into them slow & inefficient
2- if antibiotics do reach bacteria, often metabolically inactive
3- bacteria within can become loose
carried to heart & other tissues (concern for immunocompromised people)

Question 8

characteristic

Answer 8

1-Staph epidermidis target immunocompromised people

Question 9

increased risk of infection:

Answer 9

(1) Staph aureus carriers
(2) prolonged hospital stay before surgery
(3) poor general health
(4) immunosuppression
(5) infection at another body site
(6) elderly

Question 10

Prevention

Answer 10

a. clean wounds
b. suture deep wounds
c. pre-&post-operative wound care

Question 11

Treatment

Answer 11

1- methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
2- vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA)
3- vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA)

meths ill n /vain ka mice n

meth ici lin /van com ycin

Question 12

methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)

Answer 12

(1) healthcare-associated (HA-MRSA) infections
(2) community-acquired (CA-MRSA) infections