Cholera

Question 1

Cholera

Answer 1

an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

Question 2

Signs and Symptoms :

Answer 2

1-abrupt onset of massive watery diarrhea
2-vomiting
3-loss of fluid & electrolytes
4-severe dehydration

Question 3

diarrhea

Answer 3

rice water” stool (resembles water in which rice was rinsed)

Question 4

loss of fluid & electrolytes leads to :

Answer 4

muscle cramps

Question 5

severe dehydration can lead to:

Answer 5

1-shock
2-multiple organ failure
3-death

Question 6

Causative Agent :

Answer 6

Vibrio cholerae

Question 7

transmission :

Answer 7

fecal oral route

Question 8

Prevention :

Answer 8

1-sanitary precautions:
(1) hand washing
(2) purification of water
2-vaccine

Question 9

Treatment :

Answer 9

1-antibiotics for severe cases
2- rapid replacement of fluid & electrolytes

Question 10

Pathogenesis

Answer 10

1-killed by acid need to ingest large
2-pili adhere to small intestinal epithelium
3-produce enterotoxin, cholera toxin

Question 11

enterotoxin
cholera toxin :

Answer 11

1-responsible for symptoms
2- excessive secretion of water & electrolytes by intestinal epithelium
3- A-B exotoxin

Question 12

A-B exotoxin :

Answer 12

A: responsible for toxicity
B: binds toxin to receptors on microvilli of epithelial cells