Pertussis or Whooping Cough

Question 1

Pertussis = Whooping Cough

prit aas sis wooping

pert us sis whooping cough

Answer 1

is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacteria

Question 2

Signs and Symptoms

Answer 2

Three stages:
1-Catarrhal stage
2-Paroxysmal stage
3-Convalescent stage

Question 3

Catarrhal stage

inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased production of mucu

kit oral

cata rr hal

Answer 3

(a) lasts 1-2 weeks
(b) runny nose
(c) sneezing
(d) low fever
(e) mild cough

Question 4

Paroxysmal stage

repeated sudden attacks

pairik sis mill

paro xys mal

Answer 4

1-lasts 1-6 weeks
2-spasms of violent, uncontrollable dry coughing
3-severe enough to rupture small blood vessels in the eyes
4-spasm followed by forceful attempts to inhale =whoop
5-vomiting & seizures can occur
6- can become cyanotic

ca yin o tic

Question 5

Convalescent stage

can vill aas ent

con vale scent

Answer 5

1-no longer contagious
2-attacks less frequent
3-slow recovery over several weeks

Question 6

Causative Agent

Answer 6

Bordetella pertussis

borde ta la prit aas sis

borde tella pertussis

Question 7

spread by:

Answer 7

(1) direct contact with respiratory secretions
(2) inhaling airborne droplets

airborne droplets :
tiny particles possible produced by talking and suspended in the air for longer

Question 8

Epidemiology

Answer 8

1-highly contagious
2-most infectious during catarrhal stage
3- classically disease of infants
4-milder in older children & adults
5-incidence steadily increasing

Question 9

Prevention

Answer 9

DTaP
Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) VIS.
vaccine information statement

Question 10

Treatment

Answer 10

1-antibiotics during catarrhal stage usually eliminate bacteria from respiratory secretions

2-antibiotics ineffective in paroxysmal stage

Question 11

colonize:

Answer 11

(1) upper throat
(2) trachea
(3) bronchi
(4) bronchiole

Question 12

pathogenosis

Answer 12

1- enters respiratory tract with inspired air
2-attachment to ciliated cells aided by filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA)
3-colonize
4-release toxin
5-

Question 13

pneumonia or secondary infections can lead to________

Answer 13

death

Question 14

filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA)

fill amin tis /hemo gloot n nin

fil amen tous hem agg lutin in

Answer 14

a cell surface protein of Bordetella pertussis which functions as an adhesin for this organism

Question 15

why does patient has bad cough ?

Answer 15

1-ciliary action greatly slowed
2-major increase of mucus
3- only cough reflex remains to clear chest secretion from lungs

Question 16

releases three toxins:

Answer 16

1-pertussis toxin (PT)
2-adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT)
3-tracheal cytotoxin (TCT)

Question 17

pertussis toxin (PT):

Answer 17

A-B exotoxin

Question 18

adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT)

adanl ate ci klate toxin

aden y late cyc lase

Answer 18

(a) membrane-damaging toxin
(b) interferes with phagocytosis

Question 19

tracheal cytotoxin (TCT)

Answer 19

(a) causes host cells to release fever-inducing cytokine (IL-1)
(b) toxic to ciliated epithelial cells rapid decline in ciliary action

Question 20

incubation period

Answer 20

1-2 weeks