Tetanus

Question 1

Tetanus

ta tin s

teta nus

Answer 1

Lockjaw

When these bacteria enter the body, they produce a toxin that causes painful muscle contractions

lack ja

lock jaw

Question 1

Signs and Symptoms

Answer 1

1-sustained, painful, uncontrollable cramp-like muscle spasms (spasms often begin with jaw muscles)
2- restlessness
3- irritability
4- can have seizures
5- difficulty swallowing
6-as more muscles go into sustained contraction, tetany:
(1) difficulty breathing
(2) abnormal heart rhythms may occur
(3) bones can fracture
7- period of severe pain therefore fatalities often from pneumonia or lung damage

ce jirs

seizure=صرع

Question 2

neonatal tetanus symptoms :

ne u nah till

ne o natal

Answer 2

1- 4-14 days after birth
2- baby becomes irritable & develops muscle rigidity with spasms
3- muscles of face & mouth affected so infant
Cannot feed
4-40 baby stops breathing & dies

spasm : A sudden contraction of a muscle or group of muscles, such as a cramp

S pa zim=تشنج

spasm

Question 3

Causative Agent

Answer 3

Clostridium tetani

close treed yim tit aan e

clos tri dium tetani

Question 4

pathogenosis

Answer 4

1- endospores
2- not invasive: colonization generally localized to wound
3- tetanospasmin
- A-B exotoxin
- often enters blood stream when released from infected wound
- attaches specifically to receptors on motor nerves
- blocks action of inhibitory neurons  muscles continually contract

ta tin ooz s paz min

teta no spas min

Question 5

characteristic :

Answer 5

1- endospore widespread
2- concern with dirty or puncture wounds

Question 6

Prevention

Answer 6

DTaP

Question 7

neonatal treatment

Answer 7

antibiotics, antitoxin, & supportive care but mostly ineffective

Question 8

treatment

Answer 8

1-tetanus immune globulin (TIG)
(1) Abs to tetanospasmin
(2) bind to toxin NOT attached to nerve cells
2- antibiotic for actively multiplying cells

ig lab yil n

glo bulin