cold

Question 1

cold

Answer 1

a mild infection of your upper respiratory tract

Question 2

Signs and Symptoms

Answer 2

1- malaise
2- nasal discharge
(1) initially profuse & watery
(2) may thicken and become cloudy
3- mild sore throat
4- cough
5-sneezing
6- hoarseness

horse ness=بحة في الصوت / prifuse

hoarse ness /prof use =غزير

Question 3

Causative Agent

Answer 3

rhinoviruses

ri no viruses

rhin o viruses

Question 4

Epidemiology

Answer 4

transmission:
(1) inhalation
(2) transfer of infectious mucous to:
(a) nose
(b) eyes
b. human only source

Question 5

Prevention

Answer 5

a. hand washing
b. keep hand away from face
c. avoid crowded area

Question 6

incubation period

Answer 6

1-2 days

Question 7

pathogenosis

Answer 7

a. infect epithelial cells lining upper respiratory tract
(1) infected cells cease ciliary action
(2) cells may die , slough off
b. release of inflammatory cytokines
أ. تصيب الخلايا الظهارية المبطنة للجهاز التنفسي العلوي
(1) تتوقف الخلايا المصابة عن العمل الهدبي
(2) قد تموت الخلايا وتنسلخ
ب. إطلاق السيتوكينات الالتهابية

cees=تتوقف /slaf aaf

ce ase / slough off