Transfusion Flashcards
Match each donor blood group to the recipient(s) who can receive it.
O
A
B
AB
A, B, AB, O
AB
A, AB
B, AB
O–> A, B, AB, O
A–> A, AB
B–> B, AB
AB—> AB
What determines blood type on erythrocytes?
antigenic glycoproteins on the cell membranes of erythrocytes
A successful transfusion occurs when there is no
antigen-antibody reaction
Plasma contains the
opposite antibodies
Universal donors of erythrocytes are
O negative
Universal donors of plasma are
AB positive
Universal acceptors of erythrocytes are
AB positive
Universal acceptors of plasma are
O negative
If an Rh-negative mother becomes sensitized by an Rh-positive fetus, the mother will
develop Rh antibodies & subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus may result in erythroblastosis fetalis
If an antigen is expressed on the erythrocyte, then there will
NOT be an antibody against that specific antigen in the plasma
Why is O negative blood the universal plasma acceptor?
O negative plasma contains anti-A, anti-B, and Rh antigens so administering other blood types with these antigens won’t cause problems
Type and screen:
a. takes five minutes
b. mixes the recipient’s plasma with donor blood
c. tests for ABO & Rh-D compatibility only
d. tests for ABO, Rh-D compatibility, and most clinically significant antibodies
d. tests for ABo, Rh-D, & most clinically significant antibodies
ABO compatibility testing requires
5 minutes
ABO screen & crossmatch requires
45 minutes
What is the recommended order of administering uncrossmatched blood in an acute emergency from most to least favorable options
- type-specific partially crossmatched blood
- type-specific uncrossmatched blood
- Type O negative uncrossmatched blood
A crossmatch tests for the compatibility between
recipient plasma and the actual blood unit to be transfused
Because 85% of the population is Rh-D positive, O positive can be used for emergency transfusion if the patient is not
a woman of childbearing age and has not received a previous transfusion
Which blood product contains the HIGHEST concentration of fibrinogen?
a. cryoprecipitate
b. FFP
c. whole blood
d. packed RBCs
a. cryoprecipitate
Packed RBCs are indicated to
restore oxygen-carrying capacity
Whole blood is administered to
replace blood volume in the hemorrhaging patient as well as to improve oxygen-carrying capacity
___________ is often used during trauma resuscitation
Whole blood
FFP contains the following:
all of the coagulation factors
fibrinogen
plasma proteins
FFP is indicated for
coagulopathy
acute warfarin reversal
antithrombin deficiency
massive transfusion
DIC
C1 esterase deficiency
Platelet transfusion is indicated for
thrombocytopenia or if the patient has a qualitative platelet defect
The following should not be used when administered platelets
filter or blood warmer
_________ carries the highest risk of bacterial contamination (risk of sepsis)
Platelets
Cryoprecipitate contains
fibrinogen
factor 8, 13 & vWF
Cryoprecipitate is indicated for
hypofibrinogenemia
von Willebrand disease
hemophilia
A large transfusion of RBCs will lead to
dilutional coagulopathy
The dose of FFP for warfarin reversal is
5-8 mL/kg
The dose of FFP for coagulopathy is
10-20 mL/kg
A 5 bag pool of cryoprecipitate increases fibrinogen by
50 mg/dL
What is the maximum allowable blood loss in a 70-kg patient with a hemoglobin of 12 g/dL? The transfusion trigger is a hemoglobin of 6 g/dL?
2275-2625
MABL= EBV x (Starting Hgb-Target Hgb)/starting Hgb
Blood loss should be replaced with
crystalloid or colloid solutions until the risk of anemia outweighs the risk of transfusion
Transfusions are usually not needed if Hgb is greater than
10 g/dL
Transfusions are usually needed if the hemoglobin is less than
6 g/dL
Patients with significant coronary artery disease should be transfused when HCT falls below
28-30%
When the Hgb is between 6-10 g/dL, the decision to transfuse should be based on
the patient’s physiologic response to anemia
the estimated blood volumes for premature neonates is
90-100 mL/kg
The estimated blood volume for full term neonates is
80-90 mL/kg
The estimated blood volume for infants is
80 mL/kg
The estimated blood volume for adults is
70 mL/kg
_____________ provides a rough estimate of how much blood a patient can lose before transfusion is needed
The maximum allowable blood loss equation
If a 70 kg patient has a hgb of 12 g/dL and acutely loses 1 L of blood, what is the new hgb value?
the answer is 12 g/dL b/c even though the patient has lost 1/5th of his blood volume the amount of Hgb per dL of blood has not changed
What is the maximum allowable blood loss equation?
MABL= EBV x (Actual Hgb-lowest Hgb)/actual Hgb
*Hct can be replaced for Hgb
