ANS anatomy and physiology 4

Question 1

Which structure is the origin of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the oculomotor nerve?
a. nucleus ambiguus
b. superior salivatory nucleus
c. nucleus of tractus solitarius
d. Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Answer 1

d. Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Question 2

All preganglionic autonomic neurons originate in the

Answer 2

CNS

Question 3

The IML lies in

Answer 3

Rexed’s lamina 7

Question 4

The cell bodies (soma) of preganglionic sympathetic fibers are located within the

Answer 4

lateral horn of the spinal cord grey matter- specifically within the IML

Question 5

The cell bodies of cranial nerve 3 lies within

Answer 5

the Edinger-Westphal

Question 6

The cell bodies of cranial nerve 7 lies within the

Answer 6

superior salivatory

Question 7

The cell bodies of cranial nerve 9 lies within the

Answer 7

inferior salivatory

Question 8

Cell bodies of cranial nerve 10 are located in the

Answer 8

dorsal motor nucleus of 10, the nucleus ambiguus, and the nucleus tractus solitarius

Question 9

The somatomotor division arises in the

Answer 9

ventral horn of the spinal cord

Question 10

The anatomic characteristic of the parasympathetic 2-neuron efferent pathways is ____________ preganglionic, and ________ postganglionic

Answer 10

long, short

Question 11

The four parasympathetic cranial nerve ganglia (3, 7, 9 & 10) transmit postganglionic sympathetic fibers and sensory fibers without

Answer 11

relay interruption

Question 12

Both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of CN 7 and 9 piggyback on branches of the

Answer 12

trigeminal nerve to reach their ultimate effector targets

Question 13

Parasympathetic preganglionic nerves to the inferior hypogastric plexus originate from

Answer 13

the IML horn of S2-S4

Question 14

Parasympathetic outflow arises from spinal cord levels:

Answer 14

S2-S4

Question 15

List 5 nerve plexuses that distribute parasympathetic fibers to the viscera.

Answer 15

Cardiac
pulmonary
celiac
pharyngeal
& esophageal

Question 16

The inferior hypogastric plexus is also known as the

Answer 16

pelvic plexus

Question 17

Discomfort in the left arm and left side of the chest due to nociceptive input from the left ventricle is called:
a. referred pain
b. phantom limb pain
c. pure visceral pain
d. viscerosomatic pain

Answer 17

a. referred pain

Question 18

All internal organs are densely innervated by

Answer 18

visceral afferents

Question 19

Sensory afferents from the viscera trek in the

Answer 19

autonomic plexuses

Question 20

Sensory afferents from the body wall (somatic) travel in the

Answer 20

spinal nerves

Question 21

Visceral afferents from the heart, lungs, & GI tract are conveyed in the _________ nerve to the ______________

Answer 21

vagus; nucleus of the tractus solitarius

Question 22

_________ is the phenomenon whereby noxious stimuli that originate in a visceral structure, such as the heart or stomach, are perceived as pain arising from a somatic portion of the body wall such as skin, bones or skeletal muscles

Answer 22

Referred pain

Question 23

Sensory afferent fibers are called

Answer 23

pseudounipolar neurons

Question 24

______________ have a cell body (soma) with a short, single process that branches into a peripheral process and central process

Answer 24

Pseudounipolar neurons

Question 25

Visceral afferent fibers travel from the periphery to the CNS by two routes:

Answer 25

from the viscera in the autonomic plexuses from the body wall (somatic) in the spinal nerves

Question 26

The cell bodies of visceral (autonomic) afferents are located in one of two places:

Answer 26

the sensory ganglia of cranial nerves containing ANS fibers the dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves

Question 27

The sympathetic efferent pathways START in the ____ and END at the ___________

Answer 27

CNS; effector (target) organs

Question 28

The visceral afferent sensory pathways START at the _____________ and END at the

Answer 28

Organs; CNS

Question 29

Preganglionic and postganglionic apply only to __________ autonomic pathways

Answer 29

efferent

Question 30

_________ is felt in the region of the affected organ

Answer 30

Pure visceral pain

Question 31

Pure visceral pain is characteristically

Answer 31

vague and deep-seated, often accompanied by nausea or sweating

Question 32

Another name for viscerosomatic pain is

Answer 32

parietal pain

Question 33

A good example of parietal pain is

Answer 33

appendicitis- reported in the area of the umbilicus or just below (referred pain) but also pain directly over the appendix with palpation

Question 34

What type of nerve fibers are visceral afferents?

Answer 34

C fibers and A Gamma

Question 35

Which cranial nerve with parasympathetic components does NOT transmit sensory information?

Answer 35

CN 3

Question 36

Noxious visceral sensations generally travel in which division of the ANS?

Answer 36

sympathetic division

Question 37

Which neurotransmitter is released from postganglionic parasympathetic varicosities? a. norepinephrine b. glutamate c. acetylcholine d. serotonin

Answer 37

c. acetylcholine

Question 38

What are the kinds of messages transmitted in the autonomic (visceral) nervous system?

Answer 38

electrical chemical

Question 39

______________ are action potentials traveling along neurons and ______________ are the neurotransmitters released from neurons.

Answer 39

Electrical messages; chemical messages

Question 40

All preganglionic neurons in the ANS use __________ as their neurotransmitter

Answer 40

ACh

Question 41

______________________ mediate the majority of PNS physiologic effects

Answer 41

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs)

Question 42

Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons release ________ onto the target tissue

Answer 42

ACh

Question 43

ACh released from all preganglionic nerve terminals acts on _____________ receptors in the autonomic ganglia

Answer 43

Nicotinic (Nn)

Question 44

The synapse between a postganglionic neuron and the effector (target) is a special type of synapse called the

Answer 44

neuroeffector junction

Question 45

Whether a neurotransmitter causes excitation or inhibition at an effector is usually determined by the nature of the

Answer 45

receptor protein in the cell membrane and the subsequent signal transduction initiated by the receptor

Question 46

Nicotinic ACh receptors are ________ receptors

Answer 46

ionotropic

Question 47

_______________- mediate the majority of the PNS physiologic effects

Answer 47

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Question 48

M1 receptors exist in the

Answer 48

autonomic ganglia and in some glands

Question 49

M2 receptors are often called ___________ receptors because they are primarily found in the

Answer 49

cardiac; heart

Question 50

M3 receptors are prominent in

Answer 50

exocrine glands and smooth muscles

Question 51

How many subtypes of muscarinic receptors exist?

Answer 51

M1-M5 (5)

Question 52

What is stored in postganglionic terminal varicosities?

Answer 52

neurotransmitters